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Southampton Archaeology Unit Report 1054

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Southampton Archaeology Unit Report 1054 © Southampton City Council Southampton Archaeology Unit Report 1054 Report on a Watching Brief and Archaeological Excavation at Lepe, Hampshire, A2010.77 JI Russel MIFA 2012 Client: Halcrow Group Limited for Scotia Gas Network Southampton City Council Archaeology Unit – Lepe A2010.77 Contents 1. SUMMARY .......................................................................................................... 4 2. INTRODUCTION .................................................................................................... 5 3. AIMS & OBJECTIVES OF THE INVESTIGATION ................................................. 7 4. METHODOLOGY ................................................................................................... 7 5. SITE LOCATION, GEOLOGY AND TOPOGRAPHY............................................ 10 6. HISTORICAL AND ARCHAEOLOGICAL BACKGROUND................................... 10 7 RESULTS.............................................................................................................. 11 7.1 Natural............................................................................................................. 11 7.2 Prehistoric........................................................................................................ 11 7.3 Roman............................................................................................................. 11 7.3.1 Ditches ..................................................................................................... 12 7.3.2 Kilns.......................................................................................................... 20 7.3.3 Pits ........................................................................................................... 29 7.3.4 Post-holes ................................................................................................ 35 7.3.5 Beamslot .................................................................................................. 42 7.4 Undated Ditches & post-holes ......................................................................... 42 7.4.1 Undated Ditches and post-holes in Trench 13.......................................... 42 7.4.2 Undated Ditch in Trench 16...................................................................... 44 7.5 Post-medieval Ditches in Trenches 14 & 15 .................................................... 44 7.5.1 Ditches Trench 14 .................................................................................... 44 7.5.2 Ditch in Trench 15 .................................................................................... 45 7.6 Tree and Root Disturbance.............................................................................. 48 7.6.1 Tree throws in Trenches 1, 11, 13 and 15. ............................................... 48 7.7 Modern ............................................................................................................ 49 7.7.1 Ditch & bank 545 Trench 16 ..................................................................... 49 7.7.2 Topsoil...................................................................................................... 49 7.7.3 Soil/rubble spread..................................................................................... 49 8. CONCLUSIONS ................................................................................................... 50 9. ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS..................................................................................... 52 ,APPENDIX 1 SPECIALIST REPORTS ................................................................... 53 The Roman pottery................................................................................................ 54 Imported wares.................................................................................................. 55 Non-local wares................................................................................................. 55 Local wares ....................................................................................................... 55 Discussion ......................................................................................................... 56 The Stone.............................................................................................................. 57 Whetstones ....................................................................................................... 57 Querns............................................................................................................... 57 Stone rubble ...................................................................................................... 58 The burnt and fired clay and kiln furniture.............................................................. 59 Burnt Clay.......................................................................................................... 59 Kiln Lining.......................................................................................................... 59 Kiln Furniture ..................................................................................................... 60 The Roman ceramic building material ................................................................... 60 Brick .................................................................................................................. 60 Tegula ............................................................................................................... 60 Box Flue tile....................................................................................................... 60 The iron and ironworking residue .......................................................................... 60 Ironworking residue ........................................................................................... 60 1 Southampton City Council Archaeology Unit – Lepe A2010.77 Iron artifacts....................................................................................................... 61 The Glass .............................................................................................................. 61 The Environmental Evidence................................................................................. 61 BIBLIOGRAPHY....................................................................................................... 62 Table of figures Figure 1. Site location, with trenches in red and Roman Road 423 in green. ............. 6 Figure 2. Trench Locations......................................................................................... 9 Figure 3. Features in Trench 11. .............................................................................. 13 Figure 4. Section through trackway ditches 19 and 21. ............................................ 14 Figure 5. Section through ditch 37............................................................................ 14 Figure 6.Section through ditch 170........................................................................... 15 Figure 7. Section through ditch 179.......................................................................... 16 Figure 8. Section through ditch 164.......................................................................... 16 Figure 9. Section through ditch 174.......................................................................... 17 Figure 10. Section through ditch 176........................................................................ 17 Figure 11. Photograph of ring ditch 25 and kiln 27 from the east. ............................ 18 Figure 12. Sections through either side of ring ditch 25............................................ 18 Figure 13. Sections either side of ring ditch 82/120.................................................. 19 Figure 14. Section through ditch 124........................................................................ 20 Figure 15.Section through Kiln 128. ......................................................................... 20 Figure 16. Kiln 128 half-sectioned. Note smashed grog-tempered pottery vessel to right of the picture..................................................................................................... 21 Figure 17. Vertical profile through Kiln 128............................................................... 22 Figure 18. Pre-excavation and partial-excavation photographs of Kiln 194, showing the clay-bonded stone wall of the kiln, fired in-situ. .................................................. 22 Figure 19. Section through Kiln 194. ........................................................................ 23 Figure 20. Photograph of half-sectioned Kiln 194..................................................... 24 Figure 21. Pre-excavation photograph of pit 110...................................................... 24 Figure 22. The cleaned surface of Kiln 80. ............................................................... 25 Figure 23. Photograph of hearth 189 half sectioned................................................. 26 Figure 24. Pre-excavation photograph of kiln 27 (in the foreground) & 48 stokehole beyond it................................................................................................................... 27 Figure 25. Section through 48 and 27. ..................................................................... 27 Figure 26: Photograph of section through 48 and 27................................................ 28 Figure 27. Section through kiln 23...........................................................................
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