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Occurrences of Three Phyllonorycter Hübner Species (Lepidoptera, Gracillariidae: Lithocolletinae) for the First Time in Iran

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Occurrences of Three Phyllonorycter Hübner Species (Lepidoptera, Gracillariidae: Lithocolletinae) for the First Time in Iran J Insect Biodivers Syst 04(1): 37–45 ISSN: 2423-8112 JOURNAL OF INSECT BIODIVERSITY AND SYSTEMATICS Research Article http://jibs.modares.ac.ir http://zoobank.org/References/A488C530-E48A-48B1-AA2C-8AD505CDDEF2 Occurrences of three Phyllonorycter Hübner species (Lepidoptera, Gracillariidae: Lithocolletinae) for the first time in Iran Helen Alipanah1* and Samira Farahani2 1 Iranian Research Institute of Plant Protection (IRIPP), Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Tehran, Iran. 2 Research Institute of Forests and Rangelands, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Tehran, Iran. ABSTRACT. Three Phyllonorycter species namely, Ph. coryli (Nicelli, 1851), Ph. millierella (Staudinger, 1871) and Ph. roboris (Zeller, 1839) are newly reported for the fauna of Iran. These species are collected in Azarbaijan-e Received: Sharghi, Tehran and Kordestan provinces, respectively. The first two species 25 December, 2017 were collected as larvae while feeding on Carpinus betulus L. (Betulaceae) and Celtis australis L. (Cannabaceae), in the order, and the last one collected as Accepted: 03 February, 2018 adult in an Oak forest using light trap. The genus Carpinus L. and C. betulus are newly reported as larval host plant for Ph. coryli. Brief taxonomic Published: characterizations of these species are provided and an updated list of the 04 February, 2018 Phyllonorycter species occurring in Iran is presented. Subject Editor: Ali Asghar Talebi Key words: Gracillariidae, Phyllonorycter, new record, new host plant, Iran Citation: Alipanah, H. & Farahani, S. (2018) Occurrences of three Phyllonorycter Hübner species (Lepidoptera, Gracillariidae: Lithocolletinae) for the first time in Iran. Journal of Insect Biodiversity and Systematics, 4 (1), 37–45. Introduction The family Gracillariidae constitutes the of the Phyllonorycter species are strictly main plant mining family of Lepidoptera monophagous (Robinson et al., 2001, 2002, (Davis, 1987) and includes almost 2000 2010; De Prins & De Prins, 2005, 2017) and known species in 100 genera (van their larvae feed internally on living plant Nieukerken et al., 2011; De Prins & De tissues. The larval instars are devouring the Prins, 2017). The most species-rich genus of parenchyma cells, making tentiform mines this family, Phyllonorycter Hübner, 1822 on upper or lower surfaces and undergoing (syn., Lithocolletis Hübner, 1825) is assigned all their pre-imaginal stages including the to the subfamily Lithocolletinae and pupa within a mine (Emmet et al., 1985; comprises 401 described species (De Prins Davis & Robinson, 1998). As our & De Prins, 2017). This genus has a knowledge goes, 112 plant genera from 31 worldwide distribution with the greatest different families, 15 orders, and six diversity in the Palaearctic Region (257 subclasses have been recorded as food species) (De Prins & De Prins, 2017). Most plants of the Phyllonorycter species (Lopez- Corresponding author: Helen Alipanah, E-mail: [email protected] Copyright © 2018, Alipanah & Farahani. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY 4.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited. 38 New record of three Phyllonorycter species from Iran Vaamonde et al., 2003; De Prins & De Prins, by the first author. This species was 2017). identified as Ph. roboris (Zeller, 1839). These Little is known about the Gracillariidae three species are newly reported for the of Iran and up to 20 species in 10 genera and fauna of Iran. Moreover, this is the first five subfamilies namely, Acrocercopinae record of the genus Carpinus and C. betulus Kawahara & Ohshima, 2016, Gracillariinae L. as the larval host plant for Ph. coryli. In Stainton, 1854, Lithocolletinae Stainton, the present study brief characterizations of 1854, Parornichinae Kawahara & Ohshima, these species are provided and an updated 2016, and Phyllocnistinae Herrich-Schäffer, list of the Phyllonorycter species occurring in 1857 have been reported from Iran so far. Iran is presented. The recorded species are belonging to the Material and methods genera: Acrocercops Wallengren, 1881 (one species), Aspilapteryx Spuler, 1910 (three The specimens of Ph. coryli and Ph. species), Caloptilia Hübner, 1825 (one millierella were collected as larvae in species), Calybites Hübner, 1822 (one Arasbaran forest (Azarbaijan-e Sharghi species), Cupedia Klimesch & Kumata, 1973 province) and National Botanical Garden (one species), Dialectica Walsingham, 1897 of Iran (Tehran province) in 2017, (one species), Parornix Spuler, 1910 (two respectively, but Ph. roboris collected as species), Phyllocnistis Zeller, 1848 (one adult using light trap in Kordestan species), Phyllonorycter Hübner, 1822 (seven province. The larvae were reared in small species), and Polymitia Triberti, 1986 (two plastic containers at room temperature. species) (Zerny, 1940; Amsel, 1959; Esmaili, The adults were examined externally 1971; Deschka, 1979; Abai, 1984; Triberti, using a stereomicroscope with maximum 1985, 1986, 1990; Noreika, 1991; Puplesis et magnification 128×. The species were al., 1996; Modarres Awal, 1997; Dimić et al., identified based on their external 1997; Kuznetzov & Baryshnikova, 1998; appearance and their male genitalia Wieser et al., 2001; Abivardi, 2001). Based structure when necessary. Genitalia on the available literature, as far as 10 dissections were based on those described Phyllonorycter species are known from Iran by Clarke (1941) and Robinson (1976). (Esmaili, 1971; Deschka, 1979; Abai, 1984; Photographs were taken using a digital Noreika, 1991; Modarres Awal, 1997; Still camera DSC-F717 and a Dino-Eye Wieser et al., 2001; Abivardi, 2001). Microscope Eye-piece camera. All of the During 2016-2017, symptoms of two examined specimens are deposited in the Phyllonorycter species, Ph. coryli (Nicelli, Hayk Mirzayans Insect Museum. 1851), and Ph. millierella (Staudinger, 1871) Results that occurred in Azarbaijan-e Sharghi and Tehran provinces, respectively were The adult examined specimens are briefly observed. The larvae of them were found characterized as follows: while feeding on Carpinus betulus L. Phyllonorycter coryli (Nicelli, 1851) (Betulaceae), and Celtis australis L. (Fig. 1A) (Cannabaceae), respectively. The adult female of another Phyllonorycter species was Material examined: Āzarbāijān-e Sharghi found in Lepidoptera collection of the Hayk Prov.: 1 ♂ 1 ♀, Kaleybar, Arasbārān forest, Mirzayans Insect Museum (HMIM), Iranian N 38° 51′ 44″, E 46° 58′ 4.0″, 1867 m, Research Institute of Plant Protection 7.IX.2017, Farahāni leg. (GS: HA-2344). (IRIPP) which had been collected in an Oak Diagnosis of the adults: Wingspan 7.0–9.0 forest near to Marivan, Kordestan province mm (Kimber, 2018); while wingspan of the Alipanah & Farahani 39 examined male 7.1 mm and that of the Phyllonorycter millierella (Staudinger, 1871) female 4.6 mm; antennae slightly shorter (Fig. 1D) than the forewing, each flagellum shining Material examined: Tehrān Prov.: 2 ♂♂ 2 dirty-cream and ochre at distal end which ♀♀, Tehrān, Peykān Shahr, National gives it a ringed appearance; ground colour Botanical Garden of Iran, N 35° 44′ 30″, E of the forewing shining brownish-orange, 51° 10′ 49″, 1275 m, 15.VI.2017, Farahāni with four and three white hooks at distal leg. (GS: HA-2345). half of costal and dorsum margins, respectively which are dark-edged Diagnosis of the adults: Wingspan 7–8 internally, an elongated black spot at apex mm (Staudinger, 1871), wingspan of the of the wing, and a white longitudinal line examined males 6.2–7.1 mm and that of the extended from the base to first pair of the females 5.8–6.8 mm; forewing (Fig. 1D) hooks; hindwing gray (Fig. 1A). ochre-yellow with a short white basal stripe which according to Staudinger (1871) In the genitalia (Fig. 1H) of examined extended to one-fifth of the wing length, male uncus elongated and tapering but in the examined specimens extended to apically; valvae symmetrical, relatively one-fourth to slightly less than one-third narrow at base and gradually broadened and slightly rounded distally, with a (0.26–0.28) of the wing length. Also with distinct bend medio-ventrally, bearing two white oblique cross lines, first one ventral and subdorsal setae at distal half standing in the middle and the second one and an sclerotized elongated large spine at close to termen, the first transverse white mid-dorsal edge extended to slightly line thickens slightly in costal edge and behind the apex of valva; transtilla well edged with a few black dots outwardly, developed and sclerotized; vinculum especially in the middle, the second white rounded and small; saccus large and line ending shortly before apex of the wing rounded; eighth abdominal sternite almost in costal margin and edged with a few triangular and crenate laterally, with few black dots both out- and inwardly; fine hairs at the apex; phallus very long, hindwing and fringes pale gray slender and straight, without cornuti. (Staudinger, 1871). Biology: The larva makes a more or less In the genitalia of examine male (Fig. round, white to silvery mine on the upper 1I), uncus almost triangular and slightly side of a leaf, over veins (Figs 1B, C) and constricted behind the apex; valvae almost causes the leaf to fold upwards. There are symmetrical, slightly narrowed apically, two generations per year (Kimber, 2018; with ventral setae concentrated at distal
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