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Mexico: Past, Present and Future Mexico: Past, Present and Future Professional Development: Journal: The International Journal of Continuing Social Work Education Article Title: Mexico: Past, Present and Future Author(s): Michael Lauderdale Volume and Issue Number: Vol. 12 No. 2 Manuscript ID: 122012 Page Number: 12 Year: 2009 Professional Development: The International Journal of Continuing Social Work Education is a refereed journal concerned with publishing scholarly and relevant articles on continuing education, professional development, and training in the field of social welfare. The aims of the journal are to advance the science of professional development and continuing social work education, to foster understanding among educators, practitioners, and researchers, and to promote discussion that represents a broad spectrum of interests in the field. The opinions expressed in this journal are solely those of the contributors and do not necessarily reflect the policy positions of The University of Texas at Austin’s School of Social Work or its Center for Social Work Research. Professional Development: The International Journal of Continuing Social Work Education is published three times a year (Spring, Summer, and Winter) by the Center for Social Work Research at 1 University Station, D3500 Austin, TX 78712. Journal subscriptions are $110. Our website at www.profdevjournal.org contains additional information regarding submission of publications and subscriptions. Copyright © by The University of Texas at Austin’s School of Social Work’s Center for Social Work Research. All rights reserved. Printed in the U.S.A. ISSN: 1097-4911 URL: www.profdevjournal.org Email: www.profdevjournal.org/contact Mexico: Past, Present and Future Michael Lauderdale An Early Breakfast patios framed by bougainvillea and jacaranda. One morning in the winter of 1986 I drove There were papaya trees with early fruit and the from my hotel in the Zona Rosa in Mexico City to cool air required a jacket but if you put your chair the offices of the Deputy Secretary of Health, in the sun, it would be comfortable. Jose Laguna, for a 7:00 a.m. breakfast. Already The Deputy Secretary was an early riser and the city had begun to hum, but the daily toxic liked to get ahead of the day by having working brew of auto exhausts and open home-heating breakfasts, yet he was a delightful and generous fires had not yet filled the air and one was invigo- host who always provided some history lesson rated by its high altitude crispness. I looped down about medicine and health in Mexico as we would the Paseo del la Reforma and by the Angel of meet. I had called him from Austin as I planned Independence and turned down a quieter street for this trip specifically to meet with him. Unclear my friend’s offices. I noticed in the distance the about differences in some of the population data I Zocalo and remembered being there in 1968 was gathering from Mexican states and cities, I shortly after abortive student protests against the wanted to go over the figures obtained from the Mexican government that led to the “Tlatelolco Mexican health ministry (Salud), the Mexican Massacre” as part of the harsh reprisals of then census (INEGI), and the interior department President Diaz Ordaz. Mexican troops and police (Gobernacion). I was looking at Ciudad Juarez, had opened fire upon the protestors and many the largest Mexican city on the Mexico-U. S. bor- were killed but no full accounting of those events der and just across from El Paso, Texas. The three was ever concluded. I thought about how long estimates varied by more than 30 percent in the suffering the Mexican people could be and yet years I was using. there was always the sense of something beneath Dr. Laguna, who was the director of health the calm surface. That was my first visit two dec- planning for the Mexican Department of Health ades earlier to the City and I remembered the con- (Salud), an academic and physician, had taught tradictions of those days and how they remained for many years at the Mexican National Univer- today. sity (Universidad Nacional Autónoma de I slowed my car and found parking near my México). He had been dean of the medical school destination secluded from the cacophony of during the student activism days of the 60’s and awakening Mexican traffic. The health offices 70’s and was known as refusing to yield to a stu- were in stately governmental buildings much dent sit-in and being carried in his chair from his more than a hundred years old with large interior office by student protestors. Dr. Laguna was an Michael Lauderdale, PhD is a Professor of Social Work at the University of Texas at Austin. Lauderdale’s doctoral research was based on a four-year study using participant observational and survey methodolo- gies of gangs in Oklahoma, Texas, Pennsylvania and New York City. He holds an interdisciplinary doc- torate is social psychology, anthropology and sociology. He has conducted research in Mexico and the Mexican border since 1966. He has taught in psychology at New Mexico State University and sociology at the University of Texas at El Paso. In the 1980’s he chaired the State of Texas Good Neighborhood Commission with offices in Austin and Mexico City and conducted a multiyear collaborative research effort with Katherine Selber, several UNAM faculty and the Mexican and Texas governments to apply GIS and desktop computing to forecast social needs and trends. For 30 years he has directed organiza- tional research providing services for the State of Texas. 12 Professional Development: The International Journal of Continuing Social Work Education old school academic and scientist who felt that I shook my head, returned to his statement of science and teaching were a calling not a voca- the official statistics, and responded that that tion. He was revered as representing an institu- could not be! I asked, “How can you run a mod- tional quality of a dedicated scientist, educator, ern country if you cannot trust the official statis- and physician. A generation or more beyond tics! It’s like flying an airplane without instru- many of the faculty and staff of the Health De- ments.” Dr. Laguna replied, “No, it is not hope- partment and the University, he had the patience less. This is just Mexico. We do it differently of a man who had seen many changes in his coun- here.” He paused taking a long drink of the coffee try. and finally said, “You have to ask your cousin.” With Mexico and the surrounding communi- By now my frustration was evident. I shook my ties around 30 million people densely squeezed head and said, “How can I do that? I have no fam- into one of the most populous settings in the ily in Mexico!” It was Dr. Laguna’s time to shake world he would recount the beauty of Mexico his head. He said, “You Americans are too influ- City in 1939 when he was a student and the popu- enced by the English and the Germans; too much lation was only a million in the city. He recalled raw empiricism! Truth does not always reside in the clear air, the open streets, and the city climate physical facts and you can spend far too much with an elevation of a mile and a half above sea time in compiling such.” level as a perpetual spring all with the visible He paused for several moments and then said, twin volcanoes of Popocatépetl and Iztaccíhuatl “In Mexico we look to our family for truths.” I very unlike the crowded, dirty, and noisy city of said, “Then where does that leave me? Where today. In those days he said most of the city’s does it leave anyone not from Mexico trying to residents had been born there while today there understand or work with Mexico?” Dr. Laguna was a sense that thousands of rural people de- replied, “Mexico is different. We are realistic scended upon the capital city daily. about our official government rules. There are As we sat down to rich, dark Chiapas coffee, ways. Mexicans are generous and will make you fresh mango, eggs, chilies and tortillas, I immedi- part of a family, a compadrazgo. Confianza is ately pressed my host with my questions about Mexico. We bargain with data but to find the how to resolve the alternative population figures I truth you have to find a cousin there and ask the had secured from the Mexican government. Mov- cousin. That is how Mexico works.” ing quickly to my business, I said, “Dr. Laguna, I My exchange with my Mexican colleague and need these data to be able to make comparisons friend early that winter morning has been re- we have planned with all of the twin cities on the peated many times in many similar ways in meet- border. To accurately map social forces we need ings with Mexican associates over the years. The the hard data.”(Lauderdale 1986) I explained I most frank discussions were at early morning was frustrated with my discussions with each of meetings or late in the day or especially in the the separate Mexican Federal authorities as none homes of my colleagues in Mexico City or Juarez could account for the three sets of very different or Guadalajara. It seems to mean that even the official estimates of the population. Dr. Laguna highest authorities in Mexico do not fully trust sighed as he often felt I took too little time for aspects of the government. Or perhaps Mexican social niceties always pressing work objectives authorities may be more candid about bureau- and said to me, “Miguel, you will never find the cratic reality than Americans.
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