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Memorial to Louis Lamy Ray 1909-1975

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Memorial to Louis Lamy Ray 1909-1975 Memorial to Louis Lamy Ray 1909-1975 FRANK C. WHITMORE, JR. U.S. Geological Survey, Washington, D.C. Louis Lamy Ray was born on July 26, 1909, in St. Louis, Missouri, the son of Louis Lamy Ray and Vio La Roy Kercheval Ray. He died in Washington, D.C., on July 7, 1975. Louis was proud of his descent from two families that had settled in the Louisiana Territory early in the nineteenth century. On his father’s side he was de­ scended from seventeenth-century English settlers in Maryland. His great-grandfather, John Ray, left Maryland for Kentucky, where he served in the state legislature. He migrated from Kentucky to Missouri in 1811. John Ray was a member of the first Missouri legislature, and Ray County, Missouri, is named after him. Louis’s grandfather, also named John Ray, migrated to Louisiana in 1835 at the age of nineteen. There he read law under Louis F. Lamy, Judge of Ouachita Parish, and practiced law in Louisiana for fifty years. He was a state senator from 1868 to 1872 and was the author of Ray’s Digest of Louisiana Law. Louis Ray’s father was named after Judge Lamy. On his mother’s side, Louis was descended from John Kercheval, who brought his family over the mountains to settle in Clarke County, Virginia, in 1773. John’s son Samuel was a member of the Virginia House of Delegates from Hampshire County (now in West Virginia) from 1828 to 1830. He corresponded with Thomas Jefferson and wrote A History o f the Valley o f Virginia (1833), a book that drew mainly on oral history related by the settlers. Another son, Louis’s ancestor, pioneered in Kentucky and then settled in southern Indiana along the Ohio River; this had a significant effect upon Louis Ray’s life and geological career. His grandfather, Samuel E. Kercheval, settled in Rockport, Indiana, in 1869, in a house that had been built in 1854 high on the Ohio River bluff. Louis inherited the house in 1953 and used it for years as his field headquarters while he worked on the geomorphology of the Ohio Valley. There Louis was most at home, and there he and his wife Eleanor loved to entertain their friends. During our first visit there Louis, not wanting us to miss anything, woke us at 2:00 a.m. to see the Delta Queen coming down the long, straight stretch of the river upstream from the house. Louis’s family consciousness and the old house explain his lifelong interest in architectural history. Working briefly as a real-estate salesman in St. Louis after college, Louis was fascinated by the old houses of the city. Years later, while we were working in the Ohio Valley, being in the field with him was a double pleasure: one moment he would be showing an Illinoian till and the next an Ohio River Federal house, with a learned disquisition on each. He was delighted when in 1973 the Brown-Kercheval house was entered in the National Register of Historic Places. Louis’s architectural interests extended, naturally, to the area of Washington, D.C., where he and Eleanor 2 Till- GKOLOGK'AL SOCIITY OI AMKRICA lived throughout his career with the U.S. Geological Survey. There he was a charter member of the Thornton Society, a group of amateur architectural historians, and served as the Society’s treasurer. He was also a member of the Society of Architectural Historians, Historic Madison (Indiana), Inc., and the National Trust for Historic Preservation. Louis’s interest in geology was first sparked by Miss Gladfelter, his science teacher at Soldan High School in St. Louis. He entered Washington University there in 1926, where he majored in geology and Spanish and encountered C. K. Wentworth, the first of several geologists who had a significant influence on his work. In the summer of 1930, after receiving his A.B., he took the famous Baraboo field course, sponsored by the University of Iowa, which for the first time brought him in touch with A. C. Trow­ bridge, who became a lifelong friend and collaborator. Louis stayed on at Washington University, earning the M.S. in 1932. In the sum­ mer of 1931 he went to Circle City, Alaska, as assistant to C. K. Wentworth in the study of river-ice action and glaciers. He saw permafrost for the first time (the word had not yet been coined) and observed in Fairbanks the cracking and tipping of houses that resulted from melting of their frozen foundations. His observations of Alaskan terrain were invaluable in his later studies of glacial geology in the Rocky Mountains and the Middle West. After returning from Alaska Louis tried unsuccessfully to get a grant to study permafrost. He also proposed the preparation of a gazetteer of glaciers, an idea that was favorably received by F. E. Matthes. Wentworth and Ray gave papers on their Alaskan work at the 1932 and 1934 annual meetings of the Geological Society of America, and in 1936 they published a significant paper on Alaskan glaciers in the Geological Society o f America Bulletin. Louis’s friendship with Wentworth continued throughout the latter’s long life. In Louis’s student days, Wentworth introduced him to the geology of the Ozark region of southern Missouri. In 1927, attracted by that unspoiled area, Louis bought an eighty- acre tract of wild, wholly undeveloped land near Fredericktown, Missouri. In 1973 he gave the land to the Second Presbyterian Church of St. Louis, of which he was a former member, designating the tract as the Wentworth Primitive Recreation Area. The land, about 100 miles south o f St. Louis, lies on both sides of the St. Francis River where it has cut to bedrock to form a narrow defile. In 1935 Louis was awarded the Austin Teaching Fellowship in geomorphology at Harvard, which began his long and close relationship with Kirk Bryan. Bryan, fascinated by the history of early man in America, was training his geomorphology students to work with archeologists. This training led to Louis’s appointment as geologist to the Smithsonian Institution Lindenmeier (Folsom site) expedition in Colorado, under Frank H. H. Roberts, Jr. The extensive culture layer in the Lindenmeier Valley yielded a wide variety of stone implements associated with an extinct species of Bison. Louis, under Bryan’s supervision, devoted four summers to a study of the relation between the artifact horizon and the moraines left by Pleistocene glaciers. By studying the ter­ races of the Cache La Poudre River drainage he correlated the Lindenmeier site with the outwash train of the Corral Creek glaciers, formed during a glacial substage which he termed “ presumably Wisconsin II.” After a thorough review of the dating of European and North American ice advances he concluded (Bryan and Ray, 1940, p. 70) that the Folsom culture of the Lindenmeier site was between 10,000 and 25,000 years old, and probably nearer the latter. However, Bryan and Ray warned (p. 66): “ The figures given are merely first approximations which with some confidence may be con­ sidered of the correct order of magnitude. They may be received with respect, but MEMORIAL TO LOUIS LAMY RAY 3 the inherent errors are so great that the figures in years must be considered merely as indicators of relative age, rather than true figures. They are pegs on which to hang ideas.” The importance of the Lindenmeier site, and the competence with which Roberts, Bryan, and Ray studied it, was emphasized when, in the late 1960s, Edwin N. Wilmsen (now of the University of Michigan) undertook the study of the Lindenmeier collections at the Smithsonian Institution. He got two radiocarbon dates for the site: 10,780 ± 375 and 11,200 ± 400 years, and said, of Bryan and Ray, “Their estimate of 10,000 to 25,000 years was, as we shall see, remarkably accurate.” (From Wilmsen, 1974, Lindenmeier: A Pleistocene Hunting Society, Harper and Row.) His study of the Cache La Poudre drainage was a part of Louis’s doctoral thesis, “ Geomorphology and Quaternary Chronology of Northeastern Colorado,” which led him into broader considerations of the Quaternary history o f the southern Rocky Mountains, represented by a series of papers published between 1939 and 1943. Some of these resulted from joint field work in New Mexico with his Harvard friend J. Fred Smith. Louis received his M.A. from Harvard in 1937 and his Ph.D. in 1938. He remained at Harvard for another year as a postdoctoral teaching assistant and then, in the fall of 1939, became Assistant Professor of Geology at Michigan State University. He re­ mained there until 1942, continuing field work with J. Fred Smith in New Mexico under a Penrose Grant from the Geological Society of America. In 1942, under the leadership of W. H. Bradley and Charles B. Hunt, the U.S. Geological Survey established its Military Geology Unit for the purpose of preparing terrain intelligence reports, mainly for the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers. Geologists, hydrologists, soil scientists, engineers, and botanists were recruited from within and outside the Survey for an interdisciplinary effort that was the forerunner of today’s environmental analysis. Members of the Unit analyzed potential combat areas using foreign geologic literature and maps, aerial photographs, and even ground photographs taken by tourists, missionaries, and National Geographic photographers. Kirk Bryan had been a member of the Geologic Section of the American Expedi­ tionary Force in France in World War I, and when World War II came he encouraged many of his students to join the Military Geology Unit.
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