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U·M·I University Microfilms International a Bell & Howell Information Company 300 North Zeeb Road Anasazi ceramics as text and tool: Toward a theory of ceramic design "messaging". Item Type text; Dissertation-Reproduction (electronic) Authors Hays, Kelley Ann. Publisher The University of Arizona. Rights Copyright © is held by the author. Digital access to this material is made possible by the University Libraries, University of Arizona. Further transmission, reproduction or presentation (such as public display or performance) of protected items is prohibited except with permission of the author. Download date 04/10/2021 07:20:37 Link to Item http://hdl.handle.net/10150/185829 ":- ,: INFORMATION TO USERS This manuscript has been reproduced from the microfilm master. UMI films the text directly from the original or copy submitted. Thus, some thesis and dissertation copies are in typewriter face, while others may be from any type of computer printer. The quality of this reproduction is dependent upon the quality of the copy submitted. Broken or indistinct print, colored or poor quality illustrations and photographs, print bleedthrough, substandard margins, and improper .alignment can adversely affect reproduction. In the unlikely event that the author did not send UMI a complete manuscript and there are missing pages, these will be noted. Also, if unauthorized copyright material had to be removed, a note will indicate the deletion. Oversize materials (e.g., maps, drawings, charts) are reproduced by sectioning the original, beginning at the upper left-hand corner and continuing from left to right in equal sections with small overlaps. Each original is also photographed in one exposure and is included in reduced form at the back of the book. Photographs included in the original manuscript have been reproduced xerographically in this copy. Higher quality 6" x 9" black and white photographic prints are available for any photographs or illustrations appearing in this copy for an additional charge. Contact UM! directly to order. U·M·I University Microfilms International A Bell & Howell Information Company 300 North Zeeb Road. Ann Arbor. M148106·1346 USA 313/761·4700 800/521·0600 Order Number 9225189 Anasazi ceramics as text and tool: Toward a theory of ceramic design "messaging" Hays, Kelley Ann, Ph.D. The University of Arizona, 1992 Copyright ©1992 by Hays, Kelley Ann. All rights reserved. V·M·I 300 N. Zeeb Rd. Ann Arbor, MI 48106 ANASAZI CERAMICS AS TEXT AND TOOL: TOWARD A THEORY OF CERAMIC DESIGN "MESSAGING" by Kelley Ann Hays Copyright © Kelley Ann Hays A Dissertation Submitted to the Faculty of the DEPARTMENT OF ANTHROPOLOGY In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements For the Degree of DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY In the Graduate College THE UNIVERSITY OF ARIZONA 1 992 THE UNIVERSITY OF ARIZONA GRADUATE COLLEGE As members of the Final Examination Committee, we certify that we have read the dissertation prepared by_____ Ke_I_I_e~y __ A_n_n_H_a_y_s __________________ _ enti tIed _--I..A.l:.:N'I..l.A~SA..:.::Z~I_C~E::.:..R::..:,A.:..:.M::..:IC::.;::S;....:..;.;AS"'--'-T=E __XT~A'-ND_T_O_OL_:_T_O_W_A_RD_A_TH_E_O_R_Y_O_F __ CERAMIC DESIGN "MESSAGING" and recommend that it be accepted as fulfilling the dissertation requirement for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy 3/27/92 Date 3/27/92 Date 3/27/92 Date Date Date Final approval and acceptance of this dissertation is contingent upon the candidate's submission of the final copy of the dissertation to the Graduate College. I hereby certify that I have read this dissertation prepared under my direction and recommend that it be accepted as fulfilling the dissertation requirement. 3/27/92 D J. Jefferson Reid Date 3 STATEMENT BY AUTHOR This dissertation has been submitted in partial fulfillment of requirements for an advanced degree at the University of Arizona and is deposited in the University Library to be made available to borrowers under the rules of the Library. Brief quotations from this dissertation are allowable without special permission, provided that accurate acknowledgment of source is made. Requests for permission for extended quotation from or reproduction of this manuscript in whole or in part may be granted by the copyright holder. SIGNED:--f.JiJI/a.:..!.J:.jt~'1I.l>.f-+~~t~:-r-7/'="-7--- 4 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS The Museum of Northern Arizona has provided me with a congenial, scholarly and affordable place to live and work. Special thanks to Sheila Murray, David Wilcox, Elaine Hughes, Dorothy House, Barb Thurber, and the rest of the staff. The only sad part about finishing this project is that it marks the end of a very special year at MNA. Many people provided valuable suggestions and comments in addition to other kinds of assistance, as noted below, but any errors or omissions are solely my responsibility. Thanl(s for aid with museum collections to: G. Michael Jacobs, Arthur Vokes, and Claudine Scoville of the Arizona State Museum; Anibal Rodriguez, Jr., American Museum of Natural History; Christine Gross and Jane Levin, Field Museum of Natural History; Molly Coxson, Smithsonian Institution; Elaine Hughes, Museum of Northern Arizona. The rock art study was a collaboration among many colleagues, to whom I extend many thanks; those who helped are acknowledged individually in Appendix C. Thanks are extended to SWCA Environmental Consultants of Flagstaff, especially Dave Greenwald and Marianne Marek, for the use of a computer and other machines. They also allowed me use of data from the Coronado Railroad project, for which appreciation is also extended to Dr. Judy Brunson and the Salt River Project. Sources of illustrations are noted in Appendix G. Thanks to Elizabeth Ailn Morris, Clara Lee Tanner, Wes Jernigan, and others as noted, for allowing me to use drawings from their publications. Doug Gann and Ron Beckwith of the Arizona State Museum did many of the illustrations; Donald Sayner taught me to do some of the others. Margie Smith did many of the tables presenting numerical data. This research was funded by the Department of Anthropology, Arizona State Museum and the Graduate College of the University of Arizona through several grants, awards and fellowships, listed in Appendix H. I am grateful to members of the University of Arizona Department of Anthropology Writers' Group. The following individuals read and commented on my grant proposals and several conference papers that summarized parts of the dissertation: Cathy Cameron, Laura Levi, Masashi Kobayashi, Jonathan Mabry, Barbara Montgomery, Barbara Roth, Jim Skibo, Miriam Stark, Chris Szuter, Masa Tani, John Welch, Lisa Young, and Nieves Zedeno. Thanks to the Department of Anthropology staff, especially Amy D'Alessandro, Barbara Fregoso, Marcia Lang, Doris Sample, and Laura Stuckey. Special thanks for advice and support to all my friends and mentors, especially Chuck and Jenny Adams, Rick Ahlstrom, Carol Gifford, .Iane Hill, Mike Jacobs, Wes Jernigan, Barbara Mills, Liz Morris, Nancy Parezo, Peter Pllles, Polly Schaafsma, Lynn Teague, Laurie Webster, Norman Yoffee, my family, and the members of my committee, Chuck Adams, Bill Longacre and Jeff Reid. Mil gracias, con amor bien sincero, to Dennis Gilpin, who sees me through all the rough parts, and to Clara Lee and John Tanner, who have given me more than advice and a place to stay in Tucson--they've given me a home there. Finally, words can't express my gratitude to Jeannie Schwartz, who helped me figure out how to live, learn, and love, and get things done, all in the same lifetime. 5 To the memory of my father, Donald R. Hays 6 TABLE OF CONTENTS LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS ........................................... 9 LIST OF TABLES ................................................ 11 ABSTRACT .................................................... 12 CHAPTER 1. INTRODUCTION. .. 13 A. The role of decorated pottery in Southwest Archaeology . .. 13 B. Goals ... <•••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••• 15 C. Assumptions questioned ................................... 15 D. Case study ............................................. 19 2. OVERVIEW OF CERAMIC STYLE STUDIES ....................... 23 A. History of ceramic style studies in the Southwest ................. 23 Early symbolic studies, 1880s - 191 Os ...................... 24 Time-space systematics: sherd as index fossil . .. 25 Ceramic sociology: Learning and interaction theories . .. 29 B. Symbolic approaches to style in material culture . .. 34 Information theory . .. 35 C. "Information Exchange" in the Prehistoric Southwest ............... 37 3. CONTRIBUTIONS FROM SYMBOLIC AND CONTEXTUAL ARCHAEOLOGY 42 A. Reactions to information theory: two syntheses . .. 42 B. Cognitive/strategic theory: the process of symbolic signalling . .. 43 C. Structural stUdies: the measurement of mind ................... 47 D. Symbolic/contextual archaeology: the post-processual agenda ....... 51 4. CASE STUDY IN THE PRAYER ROCK DISTRICT ................... 62 A. Selection of case study .................................... 62 B. Overview of the study area . .. 65 C. Previous research in the study area ........................... 69 8th Bernheimer Expedition, 1930 .......................... 69 1931 Carnegie Expedition ............................... 70 Rock art research ..................................... 71 D. History of collections and collections research ................... 72 Bernheimer Collection . .. 72 Carnegie Collection . .. 72 Collections research' . .. 73 E. Site descriptions and depositional contexts of artifacts ............. 74 Chronology . .. 75 Site descriptions ...................................... 77 F. Summary of the site
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