Programming Languages
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A Beginner's Guide to Freebasic
A Beginner’s Guide to FreeBasic Richard D. Clark Ebben Feagan A Clark Productions / HMCsoft Book Copyright (c) Ebben Feagan and Richard Clark. Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant Sections, no Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover Texts. A copy of the license is included in the section entitled "GNU Free Documentation License". The source code was compiled under version .17b of the FreeBasic compiler and tested under Windows 2000 Professional and Ubuntu Linux 6.06. Later compiler versions may require changes to the source code to compile successfully and results may differ under different operating systems. All source code is released under version 2 of the Gnu Public License (http://www.gnu.org/copyleft/gpl.html). The source code is provided AS IS, WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. Microsoft Windows®, Visual Basic® and QuickBasic® are registered trademarks and are copyright © Microsoft Corporation. Ubuntu is a registered trademark of Canonical Limited. 2 To all the members of the FreeBasic community, especially the developers. 3 Acknowledgments Writing a book is difficult business, especially a book on programming. It is impossible to know how to do everything in a particular language, and everyone learns something from the programming community. I have learned a multitude of things from the FreeBasic community and I want to send my thanks to all of those who have taken the time to post answers and examples to questions. -
Powerbasic Console Compiler 603
1 / 2 PowerBasic Console Compiler 603 Older DOS tools may still be fixed and/or enhanced, but newer command line tools, if any, will ... BAS source code recompilation requires PowerBASIC 3.1 DOS compiler, while .MOD source ... COM 27 603 29.09.03 23:15 ; 9.6s -- no bug LIST.. PowerBASIC Console Compiler for Windows. Create Windows applications with a text mode user interface. Published by PowerBASIC. Distributed by .... Код: Выделить всё: #compile exe ... http://rl-team.net/1146574146-powerbasic-for-windows-v-1003-powerbasic-console-compiler-v-603.html.. This collection includes 603 Hello World programs in as many more-or-less well ... Hello World in Powerbasic Console Compiler FUNCTION PBMAIN () AS .... 16 QuickBASIC/PowerBASIC Console I/O .. ... Register Port A Port B Port C Port D Port E Port F IOConf Address 0x600 0x601 0x602 0x603 0x604 0x605 0x606 ... Similar functions (and header files) are available for other C compilers and .... 48. asm11_77.zip, A DOS based command-line MC68HC11 cross-assembler ... 139. compas3e.zip, COMPAS v3.0 - Compiler from Pascal for educational ... 264. fce4pb24.zip, FTP Client Engine v2.4 for Power Basic, 219742, 2004-06-10 10:11:19 ... 603. reloc100.zip, Relocation Handler v1.00 by Piotr Warezak, 10734 .... PowerBASIC Console Compiler v6.0. 2 / 3415. Table of contents ... Error 603 - Incompatible with a Dual/IDispatch interface ............................ 214. Error 605 .... PowerBasic Console Compiler 6.03link: https://cinurl.com/1gotz8. 603-260-8480 Software provider to use compile and work where and when? ... Get wired for power. Basic large family enjoy fun nights like that. ... Report diagnosis code as an application from console without writing any custom duty or ... -
PDQ Manual.Pdf
CRESCENT SOFTWARE, INC. P.D.Q. A New Concept in High-Level Programming Languages Version 3.13 Entire contents Copyright © 1888-1983 by Ethan Winer and Crescent Software. P.D.Q. was conceived and written by Ethan Winer, with substantial contributions [that is, the really hard parts) by Robert L. Hummel. The example programs were written by Ethan Winer, Don Malin, and Nash Bly, with additional contributions by Crescent and Full Moon customers. The floating point math package was written by Paul Passarelli. This manual was written by Ethan Winer. The section that describes how to use P.O.Q. with assembly language was written by Hardin Brothers. Full Moon Software 34 Cedar Vale Drive New Milford, CT 06776 Sales: 860-350-6120 Support: 860-350-8188 (voice); 860-350-6130 [fax) Sixth printing. LICENSE AGREEMENT Crescent Software grants a license to use the enclosed software and printed documentation to the original purchaser. Copies may be made for back-up purposes only. Copies made for any other purpose are expressly prohibited, and adherence to this requirement is the sole responsibility of the purchaser. However, the purchaser does retain the right to sell or distribute programs that contain P.D.Q. routines, so long as the primary purpose of the included routines is to augment the software being sold or distributed. Source code and libraries for any component of the P.D.Q. program may not be distributed under any circumstances. This license may be transferred to a third party only if all existing copies of the software and documentation are also transferred. -
The History of Computer Language Selection
The History of Computer Language Selection Kevin R. Parker College of Business, Idaho State University, Pocatello, Idaho USA [email protected] Bill Davey School of Business Information Technology, RMIT University, Melbourne, Australia [email protected] Abstract: This examines the history of computer language choice for both industry use and university programming courses. The study considers events in two developed countries and reveals themes that may be common in the language selection history of other developed nations. History shows a set of recurring problems for those involved in choosing languages. This study shows that those involved in the selection process can be informed by history when making those decisions. Keywords: selection of programming languages, pragmatic approach to selection, pedagogical approach to selection. 1. Introduction The history of computing is often expressed in terms of significant hardware developments. Both the United States and Australia made early contributions in computing. Many trace the dawn of the history of programmable computers to Eckert and Mauchly’s departure from the ENIAC project to start the Eckert-Mauchly Computer Corporation. In Australia, the history of programmable computers starts with CSIRAC, the fourth programmable computer in the world that ran its first test program in 1949. This computer, manufactured by the government science organization (CSIRO), was used into the 1960s as a working machine at the University of Melbourne and still exists as a complete unit at the Museum of Victoria in Melbourne. Australia’s early entry into computing makes a comparison with the United States interesting. These early computers needed programmers, that is, people with the expertise to convert a problem into a mathematical representation directly executable by the computer. -
2D-Spieleprogrammierung in Freebasic
Dieser Abschnitt behandelt QuickBASIC und dessen abgespeckte Version QBASIC gleichermaßen; der Einfachheit halber wird nur von QuickBASIC gesprochen. Wer noch nie mit QuickBASIC in Berührung gekommen ist, kann den Abschnitt getrost überspringen – er ist eher für Programmierer interessant, die von QuickBASIC zu FreeBASIC wechseln wollen. Trotz hoher Kompatibilität zu QuickBASIC gibt es eine Reihe von Unterschieden zwischen beiden BASIC-Dialekten. Einige davon beruhen auf der einfachen Tatsache, dass QuickBASIC für MS-DOS entwickelt wurde und einige Elemente wie beispielsweise direkte Hardware-Zugriffe unter echten Multitaskingsystemen wie höhere Windows- Systeme oder Linux nicht oder nur eingeschränkt laufen. Des Weiteren legt FreeBASIC größeren Wert auf eine ordnungsgemäße Variablendeklaration, womit Programmierfehler leichter vermieden werden können. Hinweis: Mit der Compiler-Option -lang qb kann eine größere Kompatibilität zu QuickBASIC erzeugt werden. Verwenden Sie diese Option, um alte Programme zum Laufen zu bringen. Mehr dazu erfahren Sie im Kapitel ??, S. ??. • Nicht explizit deklarierte Variablen (DEF###) In FreeBASIC müssen alle Variablen und Arrays explizit (z. B. durch DIM) deklariert werden. Die Verwendung von DEFINT usw. ist nicht mehr zulässig. • OPTION BASE Die Einstellung der unteren Array-Grenze mittels OPTION BASE ist nicht mehr zulässig. Sofern die untere Grenze eines Arrays nicht explizit angegeben wird, verwendet FreeBASIC den Wert 0. • Datentyp INTEGER QuickBASIC verwendet 16 Bit für die Speicherung eines Integers. In FreeBASIC sind es, je nach Compilerversion, 32 bzw. 64 Bit. Verwenden Sie den Datentyp SHORT, wenn Sie eine 16-bit-Variable verwenden wollen. • Funktionsaufruf Alle Funktionen und Prozeduren, die aufgerufen werden, bevor sie definiert wurden, müssen mit DECLARE deklariert werden. Der Befehl CALL wird in FreeBASIC nicht mehr unterstützt. -
Freebasic-Einsteigerhandbuch
FreeBASIC-Einsteigerhandbuch Grundlagen der Programmierung in FreeBASIC von S. Markthaler Stand: 11. Mai 2015 Einleitung 1. Über das Buch Dieses Buch ist für Programmieranfänger gedacht, die sich mit der Sprache FreeBASIC beschäftigen wollen. Es setzt keine Vorkenntnisse über die Computerprogrammierung voraus. Sie sollten jedoch wissen, wie man einen Computer bedient, Programme installiert und startet, Dateien speichert usw. Wenn Sie bereits mit Q(uick)BASIC gearbeitet haben, finden Sie in Kapitel 1.3 eine Zusammenstellung der Unterschiede zwischen beiden Sprachen. Sie erfahren dort auch, wie Sie Q(uick)BASIC-Programme für FreeBASIC lauffähig machen können. Wenn Sie noch über keine Programmiererfahrung verfügen, empfiehlt es sich, die Kapitel des Buches in der vorgegebenen Reihenfolge durchzuarbeiten. Wenn Ihnen einige Konzepte bereits bekannt sind, können Sie auch direkt zu den Kapiteln springen, die Sie interessieren. 2. In diesem Buch verwendete Konventionen In diesem Buch tauchen verschiedene Elemente wie Variablen, Schlüsselwörter und besondere Textabschnitte auf. Damit Sie sich beim Lesen schnell zurechtfinden, werden diese Elemente kurz vorgestellt. Befehle und Variablen, die im laufenden Text auftauchen, werden in nichtproportionaler Schrift dargestellt. Schlüsselwörter wie PRINT werden in Fettdruck geschrieben, während für andere Elemente wie variablenname die normale Schriftstärke eingesetzt wird. Quelltexte werden vollständig in nichtproportionaler Schrift gesetzt und mit einem Begrenzungsrahmen dargestellt. Auch hier werden Schlüsselwörter fett gedruckt. Der Dateiname des Programms wird oberhalb des Quelltextes angezeigt. Quelltext 1.1: Hallo Welt ’ Kommentar: Ein gewoehnliches Hallo-Welt-Programm CLS PRINT "Hallo FreeBASIC-Welt!" SLEEP 5 END ii Einleitung Es empfiehlt sich, die Programme abzutippen und zu testen. Die meisten Programme sind sehr kurz und können schnell abgetippt werden – auf der anderen Seite werden Sie Codebeispiele, die Sie selbst getippt haben, leichter behalten. -
~ ARTISAN® with Experienced Engineers and Technicians on Staff
Full-service, independent repair center -~ ARTISAN® with experienced engineers and technicians on staff. TECHNOLOGY GROUP ~I We buy your excess, underutilized, and idle equipment along with credit for buybacks and trade-ins. Custom engineering Your definitive source so your equipment works exactly as you specify. for quality pre-owned • Critical and expedited services • Leasing / Rentals/ Demos equipment. • In stock/ Ready-to-ship • !TAR-certified secure asset solutions Expert team I Trust guarantee I 100% satisfaction Artisan Technology Group (217) 352-9330 | [email protected] | artisantg.com All trademarks, brand names, and brands appearing herein are the property o f their respective owners. Find the Measurement Computing / CEC PC-488 at our website: Click HERE Program and documentation copyrighted 1986, 1998, 2003 by Capital Equipment Corporation (CEC). The software interpreter contained in EPROM/ROM is copyrighted and all rights are reserved by Capital Equipment Corporation. Copying or duplicating this product is a violation of law. Application software libraries provided on disk are copyrighted by Capital Equipment Corporation. The purchaser is granted the right to include portions of this software in products which use one of CEC's IEEE-488 interface boards (including those sold through resellers such as Keithley Instruments, etc.). The software may not be distributed other than for the application just mentioned. Purchasers of this product may copy and use the programming examples contained in this book. No other parts of this book may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, optical, or mechanical, including photocopying and recording, or by any information storage and retrieval system, without permission in writing from Capital Equipment Corporation. -
CSC 272 - Software II: Principles of Programming Languages
CSC 272 - Software II: Principles of Programming Languages Lecture 1 - An Introduction What is a Programming Language? • A programming language is a notational system for describing computation in machine-readable and human-readable form. • Most of these forms are high-level languages , which is the subject of the course. • Assembly languages and other languages that are designed to more closely resemble the computer’s instruction set than anything that is human- readable are low-level languages . Why Study Programming Languages? • In 1969, Sammet listed 120 programming languages in common use – now there are many more! • Most programmers never use more than a few. – Some limit their career’s to just one or two. • The gain is in learning about their underlying design concepts and how this affects their implementation. The Six Primary Reasons • Increased ability to express ideas • Improved background for choosing appropriate languages • Increased ability to learn new languages • Better understanding of significance of implementation • Better use of languages that are already known • Overall advancement of computing Reason #1 - Increased ability to express ideas • The depth at which people can think is heavily influenced by the expressive power of their language. • It is difficult for people to conceptualize structures that they cannot describe, verbally or in writing. Expressing Ideas as Algorithms • This includes a programmer’s to develop effective algorithms • Many languages provide features that can waste computer time or lead programmers to logic errors if used improperly – E. g., recursion in Pascal, C, etc. – E. g., GoTos in FORTRAN, etc. Reason #2 - Improved background for choosing appropriate languages • Many professional programmers have a limited formal education in computer science, limited to a small number of programming languages. -
Evolution of the Major Programming Languages
COS 301 Programming Languages Evolution of the Major Programming Languages UMaine School of Computing and Information Science COS 301 - 2018 Topics Zuse’s Plankalkül Minimal Hardware Programming: Pseudocodes The IBM 704 and Fortran Functional Programming: LISP ALGOL 60 COBOL BASIC PL/I APL and SNOBOL SIMULA 67 Orthogonal Design: ALGOL 68 UMaine School of Computing and Information Science COS 301 - 2018 Topics (continued) Some Early Descendants of the ALGOLs Prolog Ada Object-Oriented Programming: Smalltalk Combining Imperative and Object-Oriented Features: C++ Imperative-Based Object-Oriented Language: Java Scripting Languages A C-Based Language for the New Millennium: C# Markup/Programming Hybrid Languages UMaine School of Computing and Information Science COS 301 - 2018 Genealogy of Common Languages UMaine School of Computing and Information Science COS 301 - 2018 Alternate View UMaine School of Computing and Information Science COS 301 - 2018 Zuse’s Plankalkül • Designed in 1945 • For computers based on electromechanical relays • Not published until 1972, implemented in 2000 [Rojas et al.] • Advanced data structures: – Two’s complement integers, floating point with hidden bit, arrays, records – Basic data type: arrays, tuples of arrays • Included algorithms for playing chess • Odd: 2D language • Functions, but no recursion • Loops (“while”) and guarded conditionals [Dijkstra, 1975] UMaine School of Computing and Information Science COS 301 - 2018 Plankalkül Syntax • 3 lines for a statement: – Operation – Subscripts – Types • An assignment -
CS406: Compilers Spring 2020
CS406: Compilers Spring 2020 Week1: Overview, Structure of a compiler 1 1 Intro to Compilers • Way to implement programming languages • Programming languages are notations for specifying computations to machines Program Compiler Target • Target can be an assembly code, executable, another source program etc. 2 2 What is a Compiler? Traditionally: Program that analyzes and translates from a high-level language (e.g. C++) to low-level assembly language that can be executed by the hardware var a var b int a, b; mov 3 a a = 3; mov 4 r1 if (a < 4) { cmpi a r1 b = 2; jge l_e } else { mov 2 b b = 3; jmp l_d } l_e:mov 3 b l_d:;done 3 slide courtesy: Milind Kulkarni 3 Compilers are translators •Fortran •C ▪Machine code •C++ ▪Virtual machine code •Java ▪Transformed source •Text processing translate code language ▪Augmented source •HTML/XML code •Command & ▪Low-level commands Scripting ▪Semantic components Languages ▪Another language •Natural Language •Domain Specific Language 4 slide courtesy: Milind Kulkarni 4 Compilers are optimizers • Can perform optimizations to make a program more efficient var a var b var a int a, b, c; var c var b b = a + 3; mov a r1 var c c = a + 3; addi 3 r1 mov a r1 mov r1 b addi 3 r1 mov a r2 mov r1 b addi 3 r2 mov r1 c mov r2 c 5 slide courtesy: Milind Kulkarni 5 Why do we need compilers? • Compilers provide portability • Old days: whenever a new machine was built, programs had to be rewritten to support new instruction sets • IBM System/360 (1964): Common Instruction Set Architecture (ISA) --- programs could be run -
John Backus (1924–2007) Inventor of Science’S Most Widespread Programming Language, Fortran
NEWS & VIEWS NATURE|Vol 446|26 April 2007 OBITUARY John Backus (1924–2007) Inventor of science’s most widespread programming language, Fortran. John Backus, who died on 17 March, was developed elsewhere around the same time, a pioneer in the early development of however, Speedcoding produced programs IBM/AP computer programming languages, and was that were uneconomically slow. subsequently a leading researcher in so- Backus proposed to his manager the called functional programming. He spent his development of a system he called the entire career with IBM. Formula Translator — later contracted to Backus was born on 3 December 1924 in Fortran — in autumn 1953 for the model Philadelphia, and was raised in Wilmington, 704 computer, which was soon to be Delaware. His father had been trained as a launched. The unique feature of Fortran was chemist, but changed careers to become a that it would produce programs that were partner in a brokerage house, and the family 90% as good as those written by a human became wealthy and socially prominent. As a programmer. Backus got the go-ahead, and child, Backus enjoyed mechanical tinkering was allocated a team of ten programmers and loved his chemistry set, but showed for six months. Designing a translator that little scholastic interest or aptitude. He was produced efficient programs turned out to be sent to The Hill School, an exclusive private a huge challenge, and, by the time the system high school in Pottstown, Pennsylvania. was launched in April 1957, six months had His academic performance was so poor that become three years. -
Ada User Journal
ADA Volume 27 USER Number 4 December 2006 JOURNAL Contents Page Editorial Policy for Ada User Journal 194 Editorial 195 News 197 Conference Calendar 232 Forthcoming Events 239 Articles J-C Mahieux, B Maudry, A Foster “Using CORBA to Bring New Life to Legacy Ada Software: an Experience Report” 244 J Klein, D Sotirovski “The Publisher Framework” 248 Ada-Europe 2006 Sponsors 256 Ada-Europe Associate Members (National Ada Organizations) Inside Back Cover Ada User Journal Volume 27, Number 4, December 2006 194 Editorial Policy for Ada User Journal Publication Original Papers Commentaries Ada User Journal – The Journal for the Manuscripts should be submitted in We publish commentaries on Ada and international Ada Community – is accordance with the submission software engineering topics. These published by Ada-Europe. It appears guidelines (below). may represent the views either of four times a year, on the last days of individuals or of organisations. Such March, June, September and All original technical contributions are articles can be of any length – December. Copy date is the first of the submitted to refereeing by at least two inclusion is at the discretion of the month of publication. people. Names of referees will be kept Editor. confidential, but their comments will Opinions expressed within the Ada Aims be relayed to the authors at the discretion of the Editor. User Journal do not necessarily Ada User Journal aims to inform represent the views of the Editor, Ada- readers of developments in the Ada The first named author will receive a Europe or its directors. programming language and its use, complimentary copy of the issue of the general Ada-related software Journal in which their paper appears.