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Ecological Profile of Coastal Talukas Around Gulf of Khambhat

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Ecological Profile of Coastal Talukas Around Gulf of Khambhat ECOLOGICAL PROFILE OF COASTAL TALUKAS AROUND GULF OF KHAMBHAT Gujarat Ecology Commission Government of Gujarat ECOLOGICAL PROFILE OF COASTAL TALUKAS AROUND GULF OF KHAMBHAT Gujarat Ecology Commission Gandhinagar 2011 Principal Coordinator E. Balagurusamy IFS Principal Chief Conservator of Forests & Member Secretary, GEC Joint Coordinator C. H. Pandya IFS Conservator of Forest & Director, GEC Project Inputs Nischal Joshi Lomesh Brahambhatt Research Personals Ankur Patel Krupa Jha Pranav Pandya Kamini Patel Devarshi Bhavsar Project Consultant Dr. Arun M. Dixit Photographs Ankur Patel, Manoj Dholakia MESSAGE There has been a remarkable progress in terms of economic growth which has brought immense benefits to the people. The poverty has fallen and industrialization has accelerated. This process, however, creates significant challenges for managing pressures on natural resources and the environment necessary for sustaining these accomplishments. Realising these challenges, Government of Gujarat has taken number of steps which called for a fundamental shift in the priority given to the environment and their regulatory approach to environmental management. This report on Ecological Profile of Coastal Talukas along the Gulf of Khambhat is a contribution to the process of detailing and implementing this strategic vision of the Government of Gujarat. It is the product of a continuous process of primary data collection from the field as well as frequent personal contacts with allied sectors for the collection of secondary data. Efforts have been made to analyse and correlate the available information with the actual field conditions. I am sure this document will come in handy to various stakeholders including decision makers in striking a balance between the economic growths and protecting our biological heritage in the process of achieving a sustainable development. I congratulate Gujarat Ecology Commission for publishing this document which would go a long way in conserving the coastal natural resources in times to come. Dr. S.K. Nanda, IAS Principal Secretary Forests & Environment Dept., Government of Gujarat, Gandhinagar PREFACE The state of Gujarat is predominately an arid and semi-arid region. But, due to its geographical position and topographical variations, it is quite rich in its ecological wealth ranging from grasslands, forests (thorny scrub to canopy forests), wetlands, saline deserts and the coastal systems. However, most of these ecological systems are facing threats of different anthropogenic pressure. Considering the length and width of the state, and spatio-temporal variability of different resources, development of a computerized information system is the most appropriate answer for cost- effective planning and management of various natural resources of the State. As part of the creation of ecological databank, commission has launched project entitled preparation of Taluka level Ecological Profile with financial support of Forest & Environment Department, Govt. of Gujarat. As a part of this exercise GEC had prepared comprehensive ecological profile of 19 talukas located around Gulf of Khambhat. The taluka includes Umbergaon, Jalalpore, Chorasi, Olpad, Hansot, Valsad, Jambusar, Vagra, Dhandhuka, Bhavnagar, Ghogha, Talaja, Mahuva, Rajula, Jafrabad, Una, Kodinar, Gandevi and Khambhat. Main objectives of this exercise are, to collect data/ information at taluka level on those parameters which have certain correlations with the ecological condition of the region from available secondary sources. Its also aim to analyzed available primary (on biodiversity) & secondary data to put in GIS domain to prepare digital ecological profile of each taluka. For the collection of primary data, field survey was undertaken by GEC team as well as for the secondary data collection, majority of data were collected from offices of various Government departments and agencies. The data were decided to organize, first into a simple database, and later be transported into GIS platform. During the survey of biodiversity in selected coastal talukas around Gulf of Khambhat, 430 plant species were recorded, out of these total species, 91 species were woody, 201 species were herbaceous and 39 species were climbers while faunal diversity have 28 mammalian species, 215 bird species, 32 repti lian species. Parameters like climate, human populati on, land use, agriculture and irrigati on, livestock which are related with ecology were also collected by various sources. In the case of secondary informati on, GEC tried to collect informati on of last 20 years to correlate the primary & secondary informati on to visualize the trends of ecological changes during last 20 years in each selected taluka. To complete the exercises, I dedicate my grati tude to all the departments and agencies for their help by providing secondary data. The Gujarat Ecological Commission appreciates the support and cooperati on of Centre for Environment & Social Concern, Ahmedabad to provide their services in fi nalizati on of appropriate methodology and guidelines to collect primary data, as well as in conti nuous support throughout the enti re exercise. I also appreciate the study team of GEC for their eff orts to bring out with this report. This report is aimed at sensiti zing, apprising and familiarizing laymen and specialists as well as managers and policy makers alike, the issues of biological diversity and ecological situati on of Gujarat. I hope this report will be useful in planning for diff erent government and non government agencies. E. Balagurusamy (IFS) Principal Chief Conservator of Forest and Member Secretary, Gujarat Ecology Commission, Gandhinagar ACKNOWLEDGEMENT This report is an outcome of a proposal of Gujarat Ecology Commission which was approved by the Forest and Environment Department, government of Gujarat as new item in the year 2008-09. Since then, this activity continues. The report incorporates areas falling within 19 Coastal Talukas along the Gulf of Khambhat. I extend my special gratitude to Dr. S.K. Nanda, IAS, Principal Secretary, Forest & Environment Department for accepting our proposal and supporting this activity. Thanks are due to Shri. E.Balagurusamy, IFS, Principal Chief Conservator of Forest and Member Secretary, GEC for periodically reviewing the progress and giving necessary guidance. Collecting secondary data from various Government departments and other agencies was facilitated by the respective nodal officers. I will remain indebted to all of them. Dr. Arun Mani Dixit of Centre for Environmental and Social Concern (CESC), Ahmedabad has put in untiring efforts in designing the methodology, analysing primary and secondary data and drawing broad inferences. He has been instrumental in giving final shape to this report. His contribution is sincerely acknowledged. During field work, our team received necessary support from the Dy. Conservators of Forests, Valsad, Navsari, Surat, Bharuch, Ahmedabad, Dhari, Bhavnagar, Nadiad & Anand. I am thankful to all of them. One of the biggest tasks during this exercise was plant identification. It would have been very difficult to identify herbaceous plants and grasses but for the assistance from Dr. A. B. Vora (Retd. Prof.). Bhaskaracharya Institute for Space Application and Geo - informatics (BISAG) contributed in digitizing data and preparing maps as and when required. Contribution of Dr. Indranil Gadhavi, Head of the Department, Dept. of Marine Science, Bhavnagar University, for guiding our field team during primary data collection. I will be failing in my duty if I don’t mention GEC team whose painstaking efforts made it all possible. C. H. Pandya (IFS) CF & Director Gujarat Ecology Commission, Gandhinagar Gujarat Ecology Commission EXECUTIVE SUMMARY Due to geographical positioning and distinct physical and oceanographic characteristics, the 1600 km long coastal tracts of Gujarat can be divided into four sub-regions. These include (i) Gulf of Kachchh (ii) Saurashrtra Coast (iii) Gulf of Khambhat and (iv) South Gujarat Coast. Ironically, most of these coastal systems are vulnerable to various anthropogenic activities including rapid industrialization and coastal infrastructure development projects (like ports, oil terminals etc.), jeopardizing both ecological as well as livelihood securities along these regions. Development of a computerized information system is critical for cost- effective planning and management of various natural resources of coastal tracts of the State. Keeping above in view, Gujarat Ecology Commission (GEC) plan to collect and organize ecological information of all the coastal talukas in the State . As a part of this exercise in first phase GEC had initiated preparation of ecological profile of 19 coastal talukas adjoining Gulf of Khambhat. The selected talukas include Umbergaon, Jalalpore, Chorasi, Olpad, Hansot, Valsad, Jambusar, Vagra, Dhandhuka, Bhavnagar, Ghogha, and Talaja. Thus, this study has been undertaken with following objectives: 1. To collate data/ information at taluka level on those parameters which have certain correlations with the ecological condition of the region from available secondary sources 2. Undertake field surveys in ecologically important sites to collect data on important biological parameters at taluka level. 3. To organize both primary and secondary data in GIS domain 4. To prepare ecological profile of each taluka To achieve the above objectives, two pronged approach was adopted: (i) the field surveys to collect information about flora,
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