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Journal of the Eastern Asia Society for Transportation Studies, Vol.11, 2015

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Journal of the Eastern Asia Society for Transportation Studies, Vol.11, 2015 Journal of the Eastern Asia Society for Transportation Studies, Vol.11, 2015 Socioeconomic evaluation of Transit Oriented Development using by Detailed Spatial Scale CUE Model in Taiwan Hiromichi YAMAMOTO a, Jumpei SANO b, Kiyoshi YAMASAKI c, Kazuki YANAGISAWA d, Atsushi KOIKE e, Morito TSUTSUMI f a,b Mitsubishi Heavy Industries, ltd., Kobe, 652-8585, Japan aE-mail: [email protected] b E-mail: [email protected] c,d Value Management Institute, ltd., Tokyo, 100-0004, Japan cE-mail: [email protected] dE-mail: [email protected] e Kobe University, Kobe, 657-8501, Japan; E-mail:[email protected] f University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, 305-8573, Japan; E-mail: [email protected] Abstract: In the Asia and ASEAN countries, there are a lot of urban development plans based on the concept of Transit Oriented Development (TOD). CUE model, which enables to evaluate urban development and transportation development simultaneously, is one of the major approaches to estimate the effects on a development plan based on the TOD. However, it has been difficult to evaluate it especially in Asia and ASEAN countries except Japan, due to lack of the public data on the geographic land use by small zone units. We have created a new methodology of estimating the land use area by using satellite images. It enables the land use classification on a scale, which fits the evaluation of the TOD. This paper describes evaluation results of the development plan of Taoyuan City in Taiwan by building the detailed spatial scale CUE model using our new methodology, using data. Keywords: Computable Urban Economic Model, Transit Oriented Development, Public Transportation, Taoyuan Aerotropolis, Automated Railway, Asia and ASEAN 1. INTRODUCTION Due to recent remarkable economic growth in Asia and ASEAN countries, metropolises in each country have a lot of urban development plans for land use and transportation. At the same time, heavy traffic congestion and increase of CO2 emission from transportation sectors are serious urban problems and caused by urban development plans centering on cars and motorcycles. In order to minimize these critical problems but keep their urban developments, these countries nowadays pay attention to the concept of Transit Oriented Development (TOD), which aims to achieve reduction of CO2 emission and economic growth simultaneously. The urban development based on the TOD is to build a public transportation oriented city or community by centralizing the stations. The TOD has been widely adopted by private railway companies in Japan such as Hankyu Corporation and Tokyu Corporation. To estimate the effect of a development plan based on the TOD, it is necessary to simulate the impact of land use development and that of transportation development at the same time. The Computable Urban Economic (CUE) model has been widely used in Japan to assess the effect of these development plans. Its characteristics are different from those of the traditional Land Use and Transportation Integration Model. The CUE model is characterized by a microeconomic foundation and by a spatial equilibrium on the basis of urban economics. Each economic agent demands or supplies 854 Journal of the Eastern Asia Society for Transportation Studies, Vol.11, 2015 land, building, transport service, and other goods at a location of choice (Ueda, Tsunami, Muto, Yamazaki 2013, Yamasaki et al. 2008). However, when we apply the CUE model to the urban development plans in Asia and ASEAN countries except Japan, one of the main difficulties is to obtain the data on geographic land use on a detailed spatial scale from open resources. Therefore, the land use models in these countries can’t help being constructed with large spatial zone units such as prefecture and city units, which means that it is not possible to analyze the traffic behavior precisely in a smaller zone. To address this issue, we have created a methodology for the land use classification on a detailed spatial scale, using satellite images such as serviced by Google Earth. It enables to estimate the effects of the urban development plans in Asia and ASEAN countries by the detailed spatial scale CUE models. In this study, we build a detailed spatial scale CUE model with our new methodology, using data of Taoyuan City in Taiwan. We present the results and the evaluation of them. This paper is organized as follows. Section 2 reviews the current status and the overview of the land use and transportation development plan in Taoyuan City. Section 3 describes the dataset for building the detailed spatial scale CUE Model with the new classification methodology. Section 4 describes the formulation of the CUE Model and section5 describes parameters used for simulation. Section 6 describes the simulation results using the detailed spatial scale CUE Model in Taoyuan; main conclusions and our outlook for the further application are summarized in Section 7. 2. Development Plan of Taiwan Taoyuan City 2.1 Taoyuan City Taoyuan city is located in the approximately 50km west of Taipei City and was promoted to the government-ruled municipality on 25 December, 2014. Taoyuan city has been flourishing as a gateway of Taiwan by Taiwan Taoyuan International Airport, the largest international airport in Taiwan. It also has an industrial area and is expected to grow as one of the major cities in Taiwan. The population of Taoyuan city is about 2 million and this city is currently to be recognized as a bedroom town of Taipei city. Source: Google Map Figure 1. Map of the Northern Taiwan 2.2 Transit Oriented Development: TOD 855 Journal of the Eastern Asia Society for Transportation Studies, Vol.11, 2015 Taoyuan city has a development plan for public railway transportation based on the Taoyuan Aerotropolis, one of the Taiwan’s national projects. Taoyuan city government announced that they would develop their city using the TOD. It means that it is necessary for the city to integrate land use development plan and transportation development plan. In the urban development plan using the TOD, residents and visitors are assumed to use public transportation in their movement and not necessary to rely on private transportation such as car and motorcycle. The metropolitan and suburban are connected by railway transportation and urban activities are accumulated around the railway stations. Since the TOD theoretically has a potential to control the acceleration of motorization, it has been paid attention as an approach of CO2 emissions reduction from transportation sector. This is one of the valuable approaches for the economic growing countries such as Asia and ASEAN when they plan their urban development. Challenges on the TOD are to evaluate the effect of the land use development plan and the transportation development plan simultaneously and to manage and optimize the dual development plan. Japan is expected to contribute and support their development plans, putting its experience and civil engineering technology on them. Figure 2. Conceptual figure of TOD 2.3 Taoyuan Aerotropolis Taoyuan Aerotropolis is a Taiwan’s national project in which Taoyuan city has been developing as an international gateway, taking advantage of the geographical location in Asia Pacific, the infrastructure of the seaport and the airport (Taoyuan Airport and Taipei Port) and the Free Trade Port Zone. The main objectives are 1) To develop Taoyuan Airport as a hub airport in East Asia, 2) To promote the urban development using the TOD, 3) To promote and develop the clustering industries, 4) To realize the sustainable and smart Aerotropolis, and 5) To boost the development of the dual ports. Taoyuan Aerotropolis is a new developed area around Taoyuan Airport of 4,177ha (including Taoyuan Airport site) and is divided into 5 zones. The development plans of the zones depend on the characteristics and transportation conditions of each zone and will complete in 2041. The development of Taoyuan Aerotropolis will activate industrial sectors and 856 Journal of the Eastern Asia Society for Transportation Studies, Vol.11, 2015 realize globalization. According to the economic analysis by Taoyuan municipality, this project will create economic the effect of 2,300 billion New Taiwan dollars and employment opportunities of 300,000 people. Source : Taoyuan Aerotropolice official HP:http://www.taoyuan-aerotropolis.com/jp_content/content/plan/plan04.aspx?PType=3 Figure 3. Planning concept : 5 major development zones of Taoyuan Aertoropolis 2.4 Public Railway System In Taoyuan City, various transportation development are promoted together with Taoyuan Aerotropolis and other urban plans (refer to Table.1 and Figure.4). Taiwan Taoyuan International Airport Access MRT connects Taipei City and Taoyuan Airport in 35 minutes. In addition, Green Line connects downtowns of Taoyuan City and Taoyuan Airport. The urban development using the TOD is planned in the Taoyuan Aerotropolis where activities are centralized around the main station of Taiwan Taoyuan International Airport Access MRT and Green Line. This concept will expand to other railway transportations inside the city such as Brown Line in Taoyuan City in the future. Table 1. Development plan of public railway system in Taoyuan Station Beginning year Railway Length Current status number of operation Taiwan Taoyuan International 53.7km 24 End of 2015 Under construction Airport Access MRT Red Line 17.2 km 7 2017 Under construction Green Line 27.8km 22 2021 Under Planning Brown Line Phase1 11.5km 8 2023 Under Planning Brown Line Phase2 12.0km 8 2023 or later Under Planning 857 Journal of the Eastern Asia Society for Transportation Studies, Vol.11, 2015 Source : Transportation Bureau of Taoyuan Government 101.11 version Figure 4.Development project map of public Railway system in Taoyuan 3. Dataset for the Computable Urban Economic Model 3.1 Zoning Urban development including transportation and land use development in Taoyuan City will give the various the effects to its surrounding cities.
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