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Variation in <I>Brassica Oleracea</I> Resistance to Cabbage Looper And

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Variation in <I>Brassica Oleracea</I> Resistance to Cabbage Looper And Variation in Brassica oleracea Resistance to Cabbage Looper1 and Imported Cabbage Worm2 in the Greenhouse and Field3 M. H. DICKSON'and C. J. ECKENRODE" New York State Agricultural Experiment Station, Geneva 14456 ABSTRACT In the ficld, cauliflower PI 234599 was l"esistant to the were associated with antibiosis. Red cabbages were less cabbage looper, Trichoplwia ni (Hiibner), and the im- preferred (in both field and greenhouse) for P. ra/Jile ported cabbageworm, Pieris rapae (L.), but much less oviposition than other types tested. It appears feasible so in the greenhouse. Degree of maturity and environ- to transfer the resistance characteristics from PI 234599 ment influenced these resistance factors which apparently into desirable cabbage and cauliflower lines. Downloaded from https://academic.oup.com/jee/article/68/6/757/908471 by guest on 29 September 2021 Damage from the cabbage looper, TrichoPlusia ni A ]-5 rating (Chalfant and Brett ]967) was utilized (HUbner), and the imported cabbageworm Pieris with I indicating "no damage" and 5 representing rapae (L.), is a nationwide problem; and control, "severe damage" (50% or more of the green material especially of T. ni, is becoming more difficult with the destroyed). This same system was used in subse· decreasing availability of effective labelled chemicals. quent tests except that individual plants rated 5 in Cole crop resistance to insects is well-documented the greenhouse exhibited 80% or more foliage de· (Pimentel 1961, Radcliffe and Chapman 1966, Chal- struction because of the very severe feeding pressure fant and Brett 1967, Brett and Sullivan 1974) but in the houses. We classified plants rated ] as reo there are no published reports of attempts to trans- sistant, 2 to 4 as moderately resistant; while those fer T. ni and P. rapae resistance into desirable types. rated 4 to 5 were termed susceptible. It is difficult to separate T. ni and P. rapae feed- In the summer of ]973, progeny of plants selected ing damage since their life cycles frequently overlap. in ]972 was grown in pots in 2 fiberglass green- Also, plant resistance may be influenced by plant houses equipped with automatic waterers and evapo- vigor, plant age, and environmental factors. Con- rative coolers which prevented temperatures higher sequently, we need to further expand our knowledge than 32°C. T. ni pupae (500) produced from a lab- of T. ni and P. rapae resistance since these pests may oratory strain which had been reared for ]0 years not exhibit identical responses to their host plants. and 932 field-collected P. rapae adults were placed \Ve evaluated cultivars reported to be resistant to in separate 7.2XI4.6 m greenhouses (I species to them and screened a wide collection of Plant Intro- a house) when the plants were ca. 6 wk old. Adults duction (PI)· Brassica oleracea (L.). Field testing of both species were observed feeding from flowering in ] 972 led to evaluation of promising lines in the broccoli (ca. 8/house). After I generation was com- greenhouse under controlled conditions in ] 973 and pleted, the mustards bloomed, providing food for 1974. In addition, we initiated genetic studies in the the 2nd generation of both pests. Populations of field and greenhouse by using one resistant and sev- both pests cycled successfully under greenhouse con- eral moderately resistant lines. ditions. METHODS AND MATERIALS.-In 1972, 3 replications Four weekly egg and larval counts followed by a of 30 cultivars of B. oleracea selected on basis of damage rating on July 30, 1973, were taken. Dif- previous reports of T. ni and P. rapae resistance were ferential T. ni feeding between wrapper leaves and grown in single row plots (9.1 m) and then evaluated the inner areas of the plant was often noted, so 2 for host preference and damage evaluation. Addi- separate ratings for each plant were taken. tional cultivars and PI lines were planted in single In ]974, using the 2 fiberglass greenhouses, we rows (]2.2 m) without replication because of limited studied only T. ni resistance. Forty-five lines, repli- supplies of seed. cated 10 times (5 replicates/house) with 2 plants to Although pest populations were light until Sep- a replicate, were grown. Five-hundred pupae from a tember, line differences became apparent by Aug. 1973 field-collected strain were placed in each house. 28 when P. rapae egg and larval counts were taken In addition, 2 segregating B. oleracea populations from ] 5 plants in each replicate. Minimal T. ni (cauliflower PI 234599 X cabbage G707; and PI activity was observed at that time. On Oct. 3, we 234599 X cauliflower PI 204771) were included. rated entire rows but could not differentiate between In a search for suspected antibiosis, PI 234599 re- P. rapae and T. ni feeding because both pests were sistant cauliflower and susceptible 'Snowball Y' cauli- present by that date although T. ni still was scarce. flower were grown to maturity in the field and then moved to the greenhouse. Forty 1st instar of T. ni 1 l.epidoptera: Noctuidae. • Lepidoptera: Pieridae. were placed on each group. • Approved by the Director of the New York State Agric. Exp. Stn., Geneva, as Journal Paper No. 2227. Received for publv;a- RESULTS AND DISCUSSION.-1972 Field Test.-Con- tion July 24, 1975. sistent differences were present in this replicated , Department of Seed and Vegetables Sciences. • Department of Entomology. field test. In general, results agreed with those of • Obtained from the N. E. Plant Introduction Station, Geneva, NY 14456 Radcliffe and Chapman (1966). Chinese cabbage, 757 758 JOURNAL OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY Vol. 68, no. 6 Table I.-Crucifer variability to P. ropae and T. ni in Table 2.-Crucifer variability to T. ni in the green- the field, Geneva, N. Y., 1972. house, Geneva, N. Y., 1973. Avg{plant Avg{plantb Damage rating',d (P. rapae) b Pedigree" Damage or type Eggs Larvae lnside Outside Pedigree" or type Eggs Larvae rating' PI 245000 Rca 0.8 3.0 0.4 a 2.4a-g 'Red Danish' cabbage 1.3a-c 3.7 ab 2.5 Storage Red 'Red Head' cabbage 0 a 1.0 ab 3.0 4004 RC 0.7 3.9 0.8 a-<: 1.8 b-h 'Red Acre' cabbage 0 a 2.0ab 3.0 PI 288230 GC 0.9 4.5 0.9 a-<: 2.4 a-g 'Green Acre' cabbage 10.3 b--d 9.0 c 3.3 PI 246057 RC 0.2 4.0 1.1 a-<: 1.8 ab 'Late Flat Dutch' cabbage 11.3 b--d 3.0ab 4.0 PI 263065 GC 0.0 4.0 1.0 a-d 2.2 a-e ----------._---_.----------------- --------------------------------_.--.- Red Danish RC 0.1 3.8 1.2 a-f 2.6 b-h Avg for types PI 225862 GC 0.8 3.9 1.3 a-g 2.0 a--c PI 343483 Ca 0.2 1.3 a-g 2.4a-g Downloaded from https://academic.oup.com/jee/article/68/6/757/908471 by guest on 29 September 2021 3 Chinese cabbages 0.6 1.6 1.0 2.5 PI 246046 RC l.l 3.3 1.4 a-h 2.4 a-g 2 Mustards 2.8 .8 1.0 PI 204771 Ca 1.4 a-h 2 Kale 7.8 2.3 2.0 1.0 3.2 2.9 e-I Storage Green GC 0.1 3.3 1.4 a-h 2.0 a-e 3 Red cabbages .4 2.2 2.5 'King Cole' GC 1.0 3.6 1.7 b-k 2.7 b-h 8 Green cabbages 8.9 5.2 3.6 3 Broccoli 11.2 2.1 3.8 PI 302985 GC 0.2 2.9 1.7 a-j 3.1 c-j PI 234599 Ca 4 Cauliflowers 12.5 2.4 4.2 1.9 3.4 2.3e-k 3.1 c-j PI 234600 CC 1.2 3.0 3.81 3.1 g 2 Brussels sprouts 11.3 2.8 4.5 2 Collards 14.4 1.7 5.0 ------- -- - - --- - - - -- - - - ---- - --------------------------- - - - - - ------- ------ Avg for types " Lines selected from 30 varieties grown in this trial. 19 Red cabbage 0.7 4.0 1.3 2.6 b Means followed by the same letter are not significantly different 36 Green cabbage 0.5 4.0 2.0 2.7 at the 5% level (Duncan's multiple range test). All 30 lines were included in the analysis. 13 Cauliflower 0.6 3.6 2.3 3.1 'Damage was primarily from P. Tapae but some T. ni also were 10 Kale 0.4 4.2 2.3 3.3 present by the rating date (Oct. 3). 4 Chinese cabbage 1.0 4.0 4.3 3.4 " Lines selected from 91 grown in the trial. mature by the time of the major infestation (pri- b No significant differences for egg or larval counts at 5% level between any of the line. included in this table. marily P. rapae) , was quite resistant (Table ]). C Inner whorl of leaves and outer leaves. d Means followed by same letters are not significantly different In the nonrep]icated portion, the most outstanding at the 5% level (Duncan's multiple range test). All 91 lines were line (0% damage) was a later maturing, glossy- included in this analysis. C RC = Red Cabbage; GC = Green Cabbage; Ca = Cauliflower; leaved cauliflower from Australia (PI 234599). The CC = Chinese Cabbage. red cabbages, 'Storage Red,' 'Red Storage 4004,' PI 246047, and 'Red HolIander,' had a damage score curred suggesting that plant maturity might in- of 2 as did 'TalI Green Curled' kale.
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