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Integrated Pest Management Tactics for Control of Cabbage Looper and Diamondback Moth in Cabbage

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Integrated Pest Management Tactics for Control of Cabbage Looper and Diamondback Moth in Cabbage Louisiana State University LSU Digital Commons LSU Historical Dissertations and Theses Graduate School 1997 Integrated Pest Management Tactics for Control of Cabbage Looper and Diamondback Moth in Cabbage. Paul Wesley Ivey Louisiana State University and Agricultural & Mechanical College Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcommons.lsu.edu/gradschool_disstheses Recommended Citation Ivey, Paul Wesley, "Integrated Pest Management Tactics for Control of Cabbage Looper and Diamondback Moth in Cabbage." (1997). LSU Historical Dissertations and Theses. 6541. https://digitalcommons.lsu.edu/gradschool_disstheses/6541 This Dissertation is brought to you for free and open access by the Graduate School at LSU Digital Commons. It has been accepted for inclusion in LSU Historical Dissertations and Theses by an authorized administrator of LSU Digital Commons. For more information, please contact [email protected]. INFORMATION TO USERS This manuscript has been reproduced from the microfilm master. LJMI films the text directly from the original or copy submitted. Thus, some thesis and dissertation copies are in typewriter face, while others may be from any type o f computer printer. The quality o f this reproduction is dependent upon the quality of the copy submitted. Broken or indistinct print, colored or poor quality illustrations and photographs, print bleedthrough, substandard margins, and improper alignment can adversely affect reproduction. In the unlikely event that the author did not send U M I a complete manuscript and there are missing pages, these will be noted. Also, i f unauthorized copyright material had to be removed, a note w ill indicate the deletion. Oversize materials (e.g., maps, drawings, charts) are reproduced by sectioning the original, beginning at the upper left-hand comer and continuing from left to right in equal sections with small overlaps. Each original is also photographed in one exposure and is included in reduced form at the back o f the book. Photographs included in the original manuscript have been reproduced xerographically in this copy. Higher quality 6” x 9” black and white photographic prints are available for any photographs or illustrations appearing in this copy for an additional charge. Contact U M I directly to order. UMI A Beil &. Howell Infbnnation Company 300 NoithZeeb Road, Ann Arbor MI 48106-1346 USA 313/761-4700 800/321-0600 Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner. Further reproduction prohibited without permission. Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner. Further reproduction prohibited without permission. INTEGRATED PEST MANAGEMENT TACTICS FOR CONTROL OF CABBAGE LOOPER AND DIAMONDBACK MOTH IN CABBAGE A Dissertation Submitted to the Graduate Faculty of the Louisiana State University and Agricultural and Mechanical College in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in The Department of Entomology by Paul W. Ivey A.Sc., College of Agriculture, Jamaica, 1987 B.Sc., University of the West Indies, Trinidad, 1989 M.S., Louisiana State University, 1991 December 1997 Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner. Further reproduction prohibited without permission. UMI Number: 9810829 UMI Microform 9810829 Copyright 1997, by UMI Company. All rights reserved. This microform edition is protected against unauthorized copying under Title 17, United States Code. UMI 300 North Zeeb Road Ann Arbor, MI 48103 Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner. Further reproduction prohibited without permission. Dedication The late Harold Ivey was a quiet man; a good husband; a good father. A man, though he did not accumulate any great wealth, who supported, protected, and cared for his family as best he could, and who placed a premium on education for his children; that is his enduring legacy. I dedicate this dissertation to the memory of Harold Ivey; a quiet man; a good husband; a good father. My father. ii Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner. Further reproduction prohibited without permission. Acknowledgments One of the many lessons that I have learned while pursuing this degree is that there is no such thing as "a self-made man"; many persons have helped me to successfully complete this degree. My major professor. Dr. Seth James Johnson, has been very helpful. He has patiently, tactfully, and tenaciously guided me in the ways of science: generating ideas and testing them against facts, attention to details, critical thinking, scholarship, clarity of expression, and discipline; and sought to instill in me the higher levels of learning: analysis, evaluation, and synthesis. In addition, he was very instrumental in my getting a two-year tuition waiver award. It is difficult, indeed impossible, to exaggerate the gratitude that I extend to Dr. Johnson for his assistance and guidance in helping me make the best of my limited intellectual endowments. I thank the members of my advisory committee - Professors Jerry B. Graves, Thomas J. Riley, Richard N. Story, and Paul H. Templet (Institute for Environmental Studies) - for their many constructive comments, suggestions, and reviews of my research work. Thanks also to Professor Abner M. Hammond for loaning me some of his pesticide application equipment. Mr. Lloyd Bailey and other members of the staff at the College of Agriculture, Science and ill Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner. Further reproduction prohibited without permission. Education (formerly College of Agriculture), Jamaica, also are deserving of my thanks for their help with the portion of my work done in Jamaica. So too is Mr. Timothy Raiford and the field staff at Burden Research Plantation, Louisiana Agricultural Experiment Station, Baton Rouge, for their help with the part of my research conducted in Louisiana. X am thankful to the Department of Entomology, Louisiana State University, and especially its head, Dr. Frank Guillot, for financial assistance in the form of an assistantship. The Environmental Foundation of Jamaica (EFJ) provided substantial financial support for the studies I did in Jamaica. I am very grateful to the former Executive Director of the EFJ, Dr. Terrence Thomas, for his help and encouragement. Mr. Lenworth Fulton, Managing Director of the College of Agriculture Jamaica Foundation, also contributed to my success by assisting with the cost of my accommodation for the duration of the studies I did in Jamaica. Earlier in my life, Mrs. Marjorie Jackson provided me with guidance and direction for which I am very grateful. Also, Mr. Ralston Munn and Mrs. Floribel Morris-Barrett gave me opportunities which helped me to get on the path that led to where I am today; I thank them both. Thanks also to my family members, especially my mother, Mrs. Enid Ivey, and friends who have provided moral support iv Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner. Further reproduction prohibited without permission. throughout the entire period of my work, study, and reflection here at Louisiana State University and Agricultural and Mechanical College. Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner. Further reproduction prohibited without permission. Table of Contents Dedication............................................ ii Acknowledgment*...................................... iii List of Tables......................................viii List of Figures....................................... x Abstract............. xi Introduction........................................... 1 References Cited -Introduction..................... 4 Literature Review........... 8 Cabbage Looper.................................... 8 Biology and Life Cycle ....................... 8 Host Plants................................. 10 Migration and Distribution................... 10 Management of Cabbage Looper................. 12 Diamondback Moth.................. 13 Biology and Life Cycle....................... 14 Host Plants........... 16 Migration and Distribution................... 17 Management of Diamondback Moth............... 19 Pesticide Use Reduction: An Emerging Trend in Sustainable Agricultural Practices................ 28 The Integrated Pest Management Strategy and its Role in Contemporary Agricultural Systems............ ...32 The Integrated Pest Management Concept........ 34 IPM - A Definition........................... 35 Insect Migration and its Implications for Integrated Pest Management.................................. 36 References Cited - Literature Review...............38 Chapter One Integration of Plant Resistance, Intercropping, and Microbial Control for Management of cabbage Looper and Diamondback Moth in Jamaica................... 53 Introduction.................................54 Materials and Methods........................ 59 Results..................................... 63 Discussion.................................. 71 References cited - Chapter One............... 77 vi Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner. Further reproduction prohibited without permission. Chapter Two Potential of Plant Resistance and Bacillus thuringiensis for Control of Diamondback Moth in Janaica.......................................... 82 Introduction................................ 83 Materials and Methods........................ 87 Results................... ................. .88 Discussion.................................. 89 References cited - Chapter Two................ 95 chapter Three Toxicity of Three Fornulations of Bacillus thuringiensis Against Diamondback Moth..............98 Introduction......................
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