Locally – Renewably – Efficiently

Climate and Energy Programme of North 2020 A Summary

Publication 151 2012 Locally – Renewably – Efficiently

Climate and Energy Programme of 2020 Summary

Copies 300

Regional Council of North Karelia Pielisjoen linna, Siltakatu 2 FI-80100 ,

Tel. + 358 13 267 4700 Fax. +358 13 267 4730 [email protected] www.pohjois-karjala.fi/english

Layout Laura Jussila

Photos Cover Jouko Langen/Vastavalo Stock.XCHNG

Stock.XCHNG 3, 8, 13, 14, 21, 24-27 Jouko Langen/Vastavalo 4 Tarmo Sotikov 7, 19 Oona Lohilahti 15 Rauno Jussila 17 Hanne Lohilahti 22-23

Printing Kopijyvä Ltd, Jyväskylä 2012

The publication is also available on the Internet: www.pohjois-karjala.fi/maakuntaliitto > Tietopalvelu > Julkaisut

ISBN 978-952-5717-82-2 (pbk.) ISBN 978-952-5717-83-9 (PDF) ISSN 1795-5610 Contents

1 The Climate and Energy Programme

of North Karelia 2020...... 5

2 Greenhouse Gas Emissions

in North Karelia...... 6

3 Vision of an Oil-free Region...... 9

4 Energy Production and Consumption...... 10

5 Transport...... 14

6 Community Structure and Land Use Planning.....16

7 Construction...... 18

8 Waste Management...... 20

9 Forestry...... 22

10 Agriculture...... 24

11 Adaptation to Climate Change NOW...... 26

1 The Climate and Energy Programme of North Karelia 2020

The Climate and Energy Programme of North Karelia presents a plan of action for the North Karelia region on climate change mitigation and adaptation. The Climate and Energy Programme implements the climate targets set out in the European Un- ion and Finland.

Visions and targets presented in the programme aim far beyond the target year of 2020. The programme was made in cooperation with all of the actors in the region and it sets a common vision of the desired future. The Regional Council of North Ka- relia acted as the programme coordinator.

The strengths of North Karelia are its rich natural resources and diverse expertise in the bioenergy and forestry research sectors. In terms of energy self-sufficiency and the share of renewable energy, North Karelia already exceeds the EU and national climate targets. Climate change and the challenges it poses are seen as a possibility for the North Karelia region to develop innovations and new business opportunities. The programme focuses on the sectors of energy production and consumption, trans- port, community structure and land use planning, construction, waste management, agriculture and forestry.

Climate targets for Finland after the Kyoto Protocol

The climate targets and the Finnish national targets by 2020: • Greenhouse gas emissions will be reduced by at least 20% from the 1990 level and by 30% if other industrialised countries adopt similar targets. • The non-ETS sector emissions in Finland will be reduced by 16% from the 2005 level. • The share of renewable energy in the EU will reach 20% and 38% in Finland. • Energy efficiency will be increased on average by 20% compared with the base line. • The share of renewable energy in transport will be increased to 10%.

Climate and Energy Programme of North Karelia 2020 Summary 5 2 Greenhouse Gas Emissions in North Karelia

Greenhouse gas emissions in North Karelia from the energy, transport, agricul- ture and waste sectors amounted to 1.6 million tonnes of carbon dioxide equivalent

(CO2-eq.) in 2007.

Emissions per sector are presented in the diagram below.

Waste management 4 %

Agriculture 15 %

Energy production and consumption 45 %

Transport 36 %

Picture 1. Greenhouse gas emissions per sector in North Karelia 2007.

Emissions from the energy and transport sectors correspond to more than 80% of the total greenhouse gas emissions in North Karelia. Decisions made in these sec- tors are crucial to achieving emission reductions in the region. The future availabil- ity and price of wood and plant-based fuels and the status of peat in electricity and heat production will determine the level of greenhouse gas emissions in the region in the future.

6 Locally – Renewably – Efficiently The strength of the regional economy can be supported by decentralised energy production based on renewable energy sources. This also assures the energy sup- ply. Above all, locally produced energy is not so strongly tied to business cycles.

Greenhouse gas emis- Greenhouse gas North Karelia’s sions in North Karelia emissions in Finland share of total (tonnes of CO2-eq.) (tonnes of CO2-eq.) emissions in Finland Energy production and consumption 710 000 48 900 000 1,5 Transport 558 000 14 700 000 3,8 Agriculture 238 600 5 500 000 4,3 Waste management 56 000 2 400 000 2,3 Total 1 562 600 78 300 000 2,0

Other key climate and energy figures in North Karelia

• Forests and forestland in North Karelia absorb a total of 3 million tonnes of

CO2-eq. • About 84% of the total land area of the region is covered in forest, of which one- third is swamp. • Total emissions decreased by almost 7% between 1990 and 2007.

• Greenhouse gas emissions in North Karelia totalled 9.4 tonnes of CO2-eq. per person in 2007. The corresponding figure for Finland was 14.8 tonnes. • The share of renewable energy from the total energy use of the region is about 63%, of which the share of wood energy is 82%. • Employment in the renewable energy cluster was about 1,100 persons (full- time equivalent) in 2008 and turnover was about 120 million euros. The growth in both employment and turnover was about 30% from 2004. • Research, development and educational institutions invest about 5 million euros per year in renewable energy. • In 2011 there was roughly 30 regional, national or international ongoing renew- able energy-related projects in the region.

Climate and Energy Programme of North Karelia 2020 Summary 7 8 Locally – Renewably – Efficiently 3 Vision of an Oil-free Region

The starting point of the climate and energy programme of North Karelia is to strength- en the existing resources in the area and to make full use of the potential the re- gion has to offer.

An oil-free North Karelia • Is a carbon neutral and over self-sufficient region in renewable energy produc- tion where fossil oil is not used in energy production. • Takes advantage and develops the possibilities of bioeconomy and is an inter- national actor in the climate and energy sector. • Is known for sustainable development solutions that enhance the well-being of people and the environment where municipalities, communities, companies and residents are aware of the climate change and mitigation actions and who are conscious of their responsibilities and possibilities in terms of climate issues.

How does the vision become reality? • The share of renewable energy is increased and diversified and energy effi- ciency is enhanced. • In North Karelia, greenhouse gas emissions will be reduced by more than the EU’s target of 20% by 2020. • Cooperation between private and public sector organisations is increased and climate change is taken into account in all planning and decision-making. • Export activities for technology and services are strengthened. • Municipalities are aware of the current state of their greenhouse gas emissions and the major emission sources, and have determined their own climate targets and measures accordingly. • The use of natural resources in North Karelia is sustainable and the biodiversity values of forests and agricultural environments are taken into account.

The implementation of the climate and energy programme requires long-term and resolute cooperation. In addition to the Regional Council, national and local author- ities, education and research organisations, regional development companies and businesses will implement the climate and energy programme, each within their own jurisdiction.

Climate and Energy Programme of North Karelia 2020 Summary 9 4 Energy Production and Consumption

Energy consumption in North Karelia (including heating, electricity and transport) has been a little over 10 TWh in recent years. The share of renewable energy of the total consumption is high, about 63%. About 75% of thermal energy and electricity is produced by renewable energy sources. The renewable energy sources in use in North Karelia are bioenergy (84%), hydropower (15%) and others (1%). Bioenergy consists almost entirely of wood energy, industrial by-products and forest energy.

Oil is, in practice, the only fossil fuel in use in the region. The use of peat has been around 700 GWh or 8% in recent years.

Fossil fuels (transport) 16,7 %

Heating fossi oil 7,4% Wood energy 49,2 % (Black liquor 48% Other industrial by-products 26% Wood chips 11% Firewood 14% Import of electricity Pellets 1%) 8,9 %

Peat 6,9 %

Waste 0,1 % Heat pumps 1,3 % Hydropower Other bioenergy 9,3 % 0,3 %

Picture 2. End use of energy in 2008.

In the near future, the increase of production, consumption and export of renewable energy, enhancing energy efficiency and consumer advice on energy will be high- lighted in North Karelia.

10 Locally – Renewably – Efficiently Table 1. The current state of energy production and consumption in North Karelia, and the target for 2020.

North Karelia CURRENT STATE (GWh) TARGET (GWh) Production Consumption Production Consumption Energy content (GWh) 2008 2008 2020 2020 Black liquor 2400 2400 2500 2500 Other industrial by-products 1300 1300 1500 1500 Wood chips 550 550 1500 1500 Refined biofuels 500 200 Firewood 700 700 800 720 Pellets 280 50 700 150 Agro-biomasses 17 17 50 50 Biogas 14 14 100 100 Waste 10 10 150 150 Hydropower 940 940 1000 1000 Wind power 150 150 Solar power < 1 20 20 Heat pumps 130 130 400 400 Geothermal power 10 10 Peat 700 700 400 300 Oil (transport) 1700 1400 Oil (heating) 750 Import of electricity (renewable) 270 Import of electricity 630 (non-renewable) Total GWh 7041 10161 9830 10200 Share of renewables (%) 62,7 80,8 Self-sufficiency % 69,7 86,2 (production/consumption)

Energy Sector Targets for 2020

Energy Efficiency and Energy Advice • Giving energy advice is an integral part of the operations in different organisations. • All the municipalities and 50 companies in North Karelia have signed the energy efficiency agreement. • The energy efficiency of existing buildings is enhanced. • Companies take advantage of the possibilities of energy efficiency and saving in their business.

Climate and Energy Programme of North Karelia 2020 Summary 11 Energy production • Total energy consumption remains at the 10 TWh level. • The share of renewable energy of the total energy consumption is over 80%. • Electricity is produced by renewable energy sources over and above the region’s own needs. • North Karelia is self-sufficient in heating and the heating power is produced almost entirely by renewable energy sources. • The share of renewable energy from the total energy consumption in transport is at least 25%. • The production of wood energy is increased by about 2300 GWh and produc- tion of energy from other renewable sources by about 600 GWh. • Decentralised energy production improves self-sufficiency and creates busi- ness opportunities.

Know-how and business • The turnover of the renewable energy cluster is 500 million euros and the cluster employs 5,000 persons (full-time equivalent). • Highly networked, world-class research and education are the basis for new business opportunities. • North Karelian companies in the renewable energy sector operate internationally and the significance of related machinery and equipment manufacturing is par- ticularly strong. • The forest and other renewable energy cluster draws young people to the industry: the industry offers possibilities and is attractive.

Measures for the Energy Sector

Energy Efficiency and Energy Advice • Campaigns to promote the signing of energy efficiency agreements are organised. • A programme for energy-efficient renovation is launched. • Energy advice services for consumers, builders and housing cooperatives are organised. • The use of surplus heat from industry is enhanced.

Energy production • Heat and energy are produced in both large centralised energy production plants and dozens of small-scale CHP plants (50 kWe – 2 MWe), and micro-scale (less than 50 kWe) units. • The production of refined wood chip-based biofuels commences. • A comprehensive and effective bioenergy terminal network is created in North Karelia. • Private households in North Karelia generate electricity. • Control and guidance for small-scale combustion is offered (emission control and efficiency).

12 Locally – Renewably – Efficiently Know-how and business • Wood energy-related research is strengthened and the quality of wood ener- gy is improved. • METTI, The Forest Energy Research and Innovation Centre, is made into an in- ternationally recognized expert on the whole forest energy chain. • Image campaigns to highlight the possibilities in the renewable energy indus- try are executed. • The Wenet network is developed and “one-stop service packages” are built and sold to international markets.

Climate and Energy Programme of North Karelia 2020 Summary 13 5 Transport

In North Karelia, the movement of people is mostly based on the use of a car. This is because about a third of the population lives in sparsely populated areas. The emis- sions from transport account for almost 40% of the total emissions. Road transport accounts for about 90% of all emissions from the transport sector.

Influencing the amount of emissions from vehicles, and reducing the transport de- mand can reduce greenhouse gas emissions from transport. The age of the car stock, vehicle technology, fuels in use and driving methods affect the emissions from road transport. The development of community infrastructure and service network has an impact on transport demand. The most important indirect means to influence both the length of the trips and the means of transport are the development of the com- munity infrastructure and the placement of different functions. In a climate-friend- ly society, the focus has shifted from cars to other transport modes that emit less: walking, cycling and public transport.

Cargo transport logistics can be improved by organising the transport of goods in a new way. With the development of fuels, the transport of goods must also start using low emission fuels when the availability and distribution networks improve.

Transport Sector Targets for 2020

• Light transportation and public transport are a functioning and attractive alter- native to private cars. • Biogas and other locally-produced energy sources for transport are being increasingly used. • Rail transport in the region is functioning and user-friendly. • Cargo transport logistics is efficient and transferred to rail and water transport routes where appropriate. • Telecommuting and car pools are popular; electronic means of communication are used effectively.

Measures for the Transport Sector

• Integrated pedestrian and cycle paths are increased and improved, and their maintenance is improved. • Bicycle parking spaces are increased and equipment in them and at public trans- port stops/stations are improved. • Transport system planning and land use planning are connected to each other. • Cooperation between the authorities in terms of public transport organisation and planning is improved. • Tickets are made more attractive and services are actively communicated.

14 Locally – Renewably – Efficiently • Demand responsive transport services are improved and their supply areas are expanded. • It is ensured that public support for public transport is targeted at the needs of medium-sized towns and rural areas. • The accessibility of shopping centres with functioning public transport and pedestrian and cycle connections is ensured. • The introduction of alternative fuels is supported. • The distribution network is increased. • Biogas from waste treatment plants is utilised as transport fuel. • Municipalities and other public entities take alternative transport energy sources into use as soon as possible. • Possibilities for using biogas in non-electrified rail transport is investigated. • Long-distance services and travel times are improved, in particular in the rail connection between Joensuu and . • A rail connection is developed on the Joensuu – – – Kontiomäki – Oulu route. • The possibility of a rail connection between Joensuu and Kuopio is investigated. • The possibility of rail traffic for Joensuu commuter traffic is investigated. • The supply of goods and distribution traffic in the periphery are enhanced. • Cooperation in the sector is improved and the possibilities for cooperation between actors is explored. • The utilisation of year-round waterway transportation for bioenergy, recycled materials and aggregates is increased. • Broadband access in sparsely populated areas is improved. • The use of telecommuting is supported. • Carpooling is supported. • Video conferencing technology is utilised in the workplace.

Climate and Energy Programme of North Karelia 2020 Summary 15 6 Community Structure and Land Use Planning

Community structure planning and implementation decisions have an impact far into the future, and the decisions made also have an effect on greenhouse gas emis- sions. Land use planning creates the preconditions for adapting to future changes. The means of reducing greenhouse gas emissions create a community structure in many respects that are appreciated by residents: good local services, functioning public transport and energy solutions, good possibilities for cycling and walking and recreation sites near residential areas.

In North Karelia, the need to make the community structure more cohesive applies to the surrounding areas of Joensuu, which comprises a 10-20 km zone around the city centre. In the Joensuu region, the challenges are preventing increased car de- pendency, increasing the integration of the community infrastructure, the status of public transport and enhancing the services and lines offered by public transport. In sparsely populated rural areas, the maintenance and preservation of services is highlighted. In rural areas, the enhancement of service availability and environmen- tal aspects can be realised by innovative methods such as online services, servic- es via videophone access and joint services.

Community Structure and Land Use Planning Targets for 2020

• The community structure is functioning and economical. • Cooperation between municipal officials and municipalities is functioning and frequent. • Villages outside the growing urban areas are vital.

Measures for Community Structure and Land Use Planning

• The needs for transport and housing together with energy solutions are com- bined with strategic local master plans. • In new land use plans, housing, jobs and services are positioned rationally in relation to each other. • New construction builders are directed to a joint thermal network that uses renewable energy sources. • Municipalities actively acquire land for construction using all the statutory means available, including the right of pre-emption, construction commencement orders and land-policy based redemption. • Strategic activities in areas that already have local detailed plans are launched by municipalities to make the areas more cohesive. • The supply for local detail planned plots is increased and diversified. • Sufficient green spaces and recreational areas are ensured in planned areas.

16 Locally – Renewably – Efficiently • The permission policy of unplanned areas near growing urban areas is stand- ardised and tightened. • The communication between officials responsible for land use planning and transport system planning is made more frequent. • Cooperation between municipalities in land use planning is enhanced. • Regional mobility and service needs are taken into account in master planning. • Component master plans for villages are initiated and developed. • Local village services are strengthened. • Water and sewage pipe networks are developed in village centres. • The preservation and development of local services is made possible.

Climate and Energy Programme of North Karelia 2020 Summary 17 7 Construction

A building’s size, heating system, insulation and energy efficiency affect the green- house gas emissions of the building during its use. The choices made in the construc- tion phase can significantly affect the building’s greenhouse gas emissions through- out the life of the building. The most significant environmental impacts from housing are caused by consumption of heat, water and electricity. In the future, the relative proportion of manufacturing building materials, construction and demolition will in- crease in terms of greenhouse gas emissions because of the transition to more en- ergy efficient structures during construction.

In climate-friendly construction and renovation, the energy efficiency of a building is ensured, the share of re-newable energy in the energy supply is increased, the usage of renewable and low-energy building materials is promoted and passive solar energy is exploited. Climate-friendly construction favours wood because wooden structures are less energy intensive than, for example, steel and concrete. Carbon sequestrat- ed to wood is also kept away from the atmosphere until the product burns or decays.

Low and zero-energy construction and renovation require new skills and manage- ment of the entire process from planners, contractors and people responsible for property maintenance.

Construction Targets for 2020

• Buildings are more energy efficient and the efficiency of use is good. • North Karelia is the leading region in wood construction. • Renewable energy is used as the principal heating source in buildings. • Regional energy advice is active and professional.

Measures for Construction

• In construction and renovation, attention is paid to insulation, controlled venti- lation, the recovery of heat, the utilization of passive solar energy and ventila- tion and other ecologically sustainable solutions. • Water circulation heating is preferred. • New houses are built to be as energy efficient as possible. • Old buildings are utilised as efficiently as possible. • The facilities of the public sector are used more efficiently. • Training in wood construction is organised for construction professionals, and local builders’ interest in wood construction is increased. • Building wooden apartment buildings is established as a normal practice in construction. • In local detail plans the construction of wooden apartment buildings is made possible.

18 Locally – Renewably – Efficiently • Information is given on alternative heating solutions based on renewable energy sources. • The use of renewable energy in house-specific energy solutions is supported. • Local building codes are reviewed to remove the barriers for the installation of solar collectors, solar panels and wind turbines. • The awareness on the potential uses of passive solar energy is raised. • Centralised heating systems that use renewable energy are favoured in new residential areas. • An energy advice project aimed at construction and renovation is carried out. • A model for construction and energy advice is established in the region.

Climate and Energy Programme of North Karelia 2020 Summary 19 8 Waste Management

A waste plan has been prepared for the region of Eastern Finland and it describes the targets for waste management in 2016. The goal is that the amount of waste placed in landfill is reduced significantly, and energy from combustible material that is not suitable for reuse as material can be recycled as energy. This energy can be used to replace energy produced by fossil fuels. In addition, the majority of biowaste and sludge is treated in biogas plants and, depending on the region, used in ener- gy production and refined for transport use.

Preventing waste generation is one of the most important ways to reduce greenhouse gas emissions from waste. Reducing consumption and using materials and energy more efficiently in the production phase prevent the creation of waste. Clear instruc- tions for maintenance, manuals, different rental services together with maintenance and repair services in city centres can also reduce waste generation.

Diminishing the amount of biodegradable waste going into landfill and increasing the capture of methane produced in the landfills can reduce greenhouse gas emis- sions from waste management. Biowaste put into mixed waste reduces the possibil- ities for mixed waste utilisation, and methane (a biogas) that results from the degra- dation of biowaste is a very efficient greenhouse gas. The sorting of biodegradable waste where it is produced and its treatment in a separate plant is an efficient way of reducing greenhouse gas emissions from waste.

Waste Management Targets for 2020

• The targets of preventing waste generation, sorting waste and treating biowaste and sludge that were set in the Eastern Finland waste plan have been realised. • The region has a functioning and active waste advice service. • Energy from waste is used efficiently.

Measures for Waste Management

• The prevention of waste generation and material efficiency are integrated into the procurement instructions of municipalities. • The obligation to sort biowaste is extended to the entire region. • Biodegradable waste produced in the region is primarily refined into energy and fertilizers, and secondarily composted by real estate owners. • Transport biogas is taken into use as soon as possible in waste transport. • Ways of treatment and uses for sewage sludge are developed and centralised. • The collection of sorted waste is realised in all schools. • Waste generation is prevented in procurement. • Best practices for preventing office waste generation are taken into use.

20 Locally – Renewably – Efficiently • Waste monitoring is developed within the framework of corporate environmental programmes. • Up-to-date information on the prevention of waste generation and the increase of material efficiency is developed and produced to consumers and education- al institutions. • Cooperation with regional and national stakeholders is developed (e.g. the Mar- tha organisation, educational institutions and waste management companies). • Waste management is integrated as a part of the teaching programmes of schools and day care centres. • Environmental passport education is developed to be a part of adult education • Waste management services are diversified; for example a service for emptying composts is developed. • Information is offered to municipalities and companies on how to take waste management issues into account in procurement. • The burning of waste unsuitable for recycling alongside other fuels is promoted.

Climate and Energy Programme of North Karelia 2020 Summary 21 9 Forestry

In North Karelia, the annual growth of forests is much greater than the annual forest removals. The overall growth has risen in the 21st century to 8.3 million cubic me- tres per year. Annual commercial loggings have varied from 4.2 to 5.4 million cubic metres. Significantly lower loggings compared to growth rates make it possible to increase the use of forests in wood processing and energy production without com- promising the sustainability of wood production. The maximum sustainable harvest- ing comprises about 7.8 million cubic metres per year.

The most significant impacts of climate change to forests are the increase of growth, the rising of tree line, changes in the tree species composition and the northward movement of southern tree species. The most serious threats to the growth of forests are caused by extreme weather. Droughts, forest fires, and the increase of storm and snow damage possibly also result in an increase in insect damage and fungal dis- eases. The changes in growth rhythm are believed to expose trees to frost damage.

The forests of North Karelia are a large carbon sink and the role of forests in the car- bon balance of the region is important. Maintaining the current forest area is crucial for the reduction of greenhouse gas emissions in the region. Trees in North Karelia sequester 57.4 million tonnes of carbon, equal to 211 million tonnes of carbon diox- ide. Better forest management can increase the number of trees and the amount of carbon sequestered in tree biomass. This can add to the carbon sink, as more car- bon is sequestrated in trees and wood products.

Climate Change Mitigation Targets for Forestry for 2020

• Forests as carbon sinks – with good forest management the growth of forests, wood stock and options for utilising wood are enhanced. • Forests as a source of energy – the share of renewable energy from total energy production and use is growing rapidly, and export will increase. • The detrimental extreme events caused by climate change can be prepared for.

22 Locally – Renewably – Efficiently Measures for Forestry

• The preservation of forest area is taken care of. • The growth of trees is increased by silvicultural measures both locally and regionally. • Carbon is stored into wood products. • Fossil fuels are replaced by wood energy. • Biodiversity is maintained – diversity in trees and undergrowth improve the adapt- ability of forest ecosystems. • Forests are maintained in a way that they are in good condition for growth – forests in good condition and with more than one tree species are resistant to different risks. • Contingency plans are drafted to prepare for large-scale disasters (for example measures to prevent the spread of destruction and harvesting needed). • Thinning and felling dates are adapted to the improvement of tree growth.

Actors in Forestry in North Karelia

• Forest industry companies • Metsähallitus • The Finnish Forestry Centre – North Karelia • The Forest Management Association of North Karelia • The European Forest Institute EFI • The Finnish Forest Research Institute – Eastern Unit • University of Eastern Finland, Department of Forests Sciences • The Finnish Environment Institute – Joensuu office • Finnish Game and Fisheries Research Institute – Joensuu • North Karelia University of Applied Sciences – Centre for Natural Resources • North Karelia College –

Climate and Energy Programme of North Karelia 2020 Summary 23 10 Agriculture

Cattle-intensive animal husbandry is the most common farm production sector in North Karelia. Horticulture, especially berry farming and vegetable production, has long traditions. Due to the strong position of milk production in the region, the focus of field cultivation is in grass cultivation. In 2009 there was about 86 000 hectares of arable land in North Karelia and the number of farms was around 2600. There were approximately 300 organic farms in the region.

Greenhouse gas emissions in agriculture mainly come from the soil as a product of cultivation and tillage, farm animals and their manure, energy consumption in machin- ery and heating and the use of fertilizers. The most important greenhouse gases from

agriculture are methane (CH4) and nitrous oxide (N2O), both released from manure.

In the future, greenhouse gas emissions from agriculture can be expected to reduce because of more efficient environment protection measures. Agricultural policy can support new technologies and farming methods and the diversification of agriculture and thus affect the greenhouse gas emissions of farming in the future.

Emission reduction measures in agriculture

• Capturing methane from manure storages and using it in energy production. • The immediate earthing over of manure. • Taking care of arable land, the amount of organic matter in the field and the right proportion of nutrients. • Field strips and zones, cultivation of perennial crops, plant cover in the winter and the use of secondary crops. • The guidance for the uses of organic land (peat and organic soils).

24 Locally – Renewably – Efficiently Targets for Agriculture for 2020

• Farms and agricultural transport use less fossil fuel. • There is decentralised and self-sufficient energy production on farms. • North Karelia is a leading region in local food production and organic farming. • Farms produce less waste. • The region has qualified agricultural education and advice services.

Measures for Agriculture

• The logistics of farms is developed by reallotment and cooperation between farms and common ownership of machinery is enhanced. • A regional model for energy farms is created. • The drawing up of cultivation plans is developed to take climate and environ- mental issues into consideration. • The financing options of energy plans for farms and biogas plants are utilised. • The use of renewable energy sources is increased. • Local and organic food use is increased and developed. • The production and processing of local and organic food is increased and developed by developing the networking, collaboration, logistics and wholesale activities of small businesses. • Farm waste recycling and reuse possibilities are enhanced. • The collection of agricultural plastics is organised in urban areas. • Developing advice services and raising the skills of agricultural advisors.

Climate and Energy Programme of North Karelia 2020 Summary 25 11 Adaptation to Climate Change NOW

Adapting to climate change requires changes in society as a whole. Individuals, communities and companies are involved in adaptation activities. At the same time, society has to change its structures to support the necessary changes.

Finnish people’s concerns about climate change are shared but it does not neces- sarily lead to concrete actions to mitigate against climate change. Decision-makers have to commit to common goals and create an atmosphere that supports and en- courages the stakeholders to develop positive climate attitudes and actions for the climate. All levels of decision-making should support climate-friendly actions. The key criterion is that in the long term the measures are also economically wise and will help to maintain and strengthen the vitality of the region.

Upbringing and education play an important role and are significant, when the aim is to raise awareness of climate change, climate change mitigation and adaptation to climate change among all citizens.

Climate change gives a new emphasis to the sustainable use of natural resources and the management of the use of resources. The danger is that climate change will adversely affect the many ecological, economic and social benefits that biodiversity provides to humanity. The protection of biodiversity and the functioning of ecosys- tems is an integral part of climate change mitigation and adaptation to climate change.

26 Locally – Renewably – Efficiently

Publication of Regional Council of North Karelia

1993 25 Pohjois-Karjalan matkailufakta 1994 26 Pohjois-Karjalan maankäytön ja aluerakenteen 1 Toimintasuunnitelma ja talousarvio 1.6.–31.12.1993 periaatteet 2 Kuntayhtymäsuunnitelma vuosiksi 1994–1998, 27 Toiminta- ja taloussuunnitelma 1997–1999 sekä toimintasuunnitelma ja talousarvio vuodeksi 1994 tulostavoitteet ja talousarvio 1997 3 Joensuun seudun seutukaava

1997 1994 28 Pohjois-Karjalan maakunnallinen tietostrategia, 4 Toimintakertomus 1.6.–31.12.1993 oppiva maakunta – luova periferia 5 Selvitys Tanskan maaseutualueille kohdistetuista 29 Maakunnan kehittämisrahan seurantaraportti EY:n rakennerahastojen tuista vuodelta 1996 6 Kuntayhtymäsuunnitelma 1995–1999, 30 Maakunnan kehittämisraha ja EU-raha Pohjois- toimintasuunnitelma ja talousarvio 1995 Karjalassa vuosina 1995–1996 7 Pohjois-Karjalan kehittämisohjelma vuosille 31 Toimintakertomus 1996 1995–1999 32 Toiminta- ja taloussuunnitelma 1998–2000 sekä 8 Pohjois-Karjalan maaseutuohjelma vuosille tulostavoitteet ja talousarvio 1998 1995–1999 9 Pohjois-Karjalan saaristo-ohjelma 10 Pohjois-Karjalan jätehuollon alueellinen yhteistyö sekä uudet käsittelymenetelmät 11 Pohjois-Karjalan EU-ohjelma vuosille 1995–1999 1998 - 2. korjattu painos 1995 - 3. osittain korjattu painos 1996 33 POKAT 2006: Pohjois-Karjalan maakunnan 12 Joensuun seudun kansainvälinen asema ja sen kehittämisen puitteet vuoteen 2006 vaikutus seudun kehittämisstrategiaan 34 Maakunnan kehittämisrahan seurantaraportti vuodelta 1997 35 POKAT 2006: Pohjois-Karjala uudelle vuosi- tuhannelle 36 Toimintakertomus 1997 ja tilinpäätös 31.12.1997 1995 37 Euroopan metsämaakunta 2010 - Pohjois-Karjalan metsästrategia vuosiksi 13 Kylät ja kunnat kehittäjinä Itävallassa 1998–2010 - esimerkkinä syrjäinen Waldviertel 38 Kauneimmat Karjalasta – Karjalasta parhaimmat 14 Maakunnan kehittämisrahan seurantaraportti - Pohjois-Karjalan maakuntatapahtuma Helsingissä vuodelta 994 13.–15.6.1997, loppuraportti 15 Raja-alueen kehittämisohjelma: Itä-Suomi ja 39 Pohjois-Karjalan yritys- ja toimipaikkaselvitys vuosilta Karjalan tasavalta 1990–1997 16 Asumisen tulevaisuus ja yhteistyö Joensuun seudulla 40 Toiminta- ja taloussuunnitelma 1999–2001 sekä 17 Toimintakertomus 1994 tulostavoitteet ja talousarvio 1999 18 Pohjois-Karjalan kehittämisohjelma vuosille 1996–2000 19 Kuntayhtymäsuunnitelma 1996–2000, toimintasuunnitelma ja talousarvio 1996 1999 41 Talkoilla tietoyhteiskuntaan - Pohjois-Karjalan tietoyhteiskuntastrategia ja toimenpideohjelma 1999–2006 1996 42 By Joint Work Party to the Information Society 20 Pohjois-Karjalan kansainvälistymisstrategia 43 Hyvinvointiklusteri Pohjois-Karjalassa 21 Maakunnan kehittämisrahan seurantaraportti - realismia vai idealismia vuodelta 1995 44 Maakunnan kehittämisrahan seurantaraportti 22 Toimintakertomus vuodelta 1995 vuodelta 1998 23 Asunto-ohjelmointi Joensuun seudun kunta- 45 Toimintakertomus 1998 yhteistyössä 46 Pohjois-Karjala – Osaamisen maakunta 24 Pohjois-Karjalan matkailustrategia 1996–2000 - Maakunnan koulutusta koskevia kehittämislinjauksia

1 (4) 2000 74 Pohjois-Karjalan aluerakenteen ja maankäytön tavoitteet ja aluerakenne 2020 47 Toiminta- ja taloussuunnitelma 2000–2002 sekä 75 Pohjois-Karjalan virkistys- ja luontopalvelut tulostavoitteet ja talousarvio 2000 76 Raitis Elämä -projekti 2000–2003 48 Maakunnan kehittämisrahan seurantaraportti - Loppuraportti vuodelta 1999 77 Toiminta- ja taloussuunnitelma 2004–2006 sekä 49 Tilinpäätös 31.12.1999 tulostavoitteet ja talousarvio 2004 50 Katsaus Pohjois-Karjalan toimialarakenteeseen 78 Pohjois-Karjalan Hyvinvointiohjelman toimeenpano- vuosina 1990–1997 suunnitelma 51 Suurpedot Pohjois-Karjalassa - Pohjoiskarjalaisten luonnonkäyttäjien kokemuksia suurpedoista Large terrestrial carnivores in North Karelia 52 Toiminta- ja taloussuunnitelma 2000–2003 sekä 2004 tulostavoitteet ja talousarvio 2001 53 Pohjois-Karjalan elintarvikeklusterin kehittämis- 79 Nopeat tietoliikenneyhteydet kylille ja haja-asutus- strategia 2000–2006 alueille 80 Pohjois-Karjalan kehittämisrahasto 10 vuotta - 1994–2003 81 Toimintakertomus 2003 82 Pohjois-Karjalan muovi- ja metalliteollisuuden 2001 kehittämisstrategia 83 Pohjois-Karjalan kulttuuriympäristöt 54 Ihmisen mittainen Pohjois-Karjala 84 Pohjois-Karjalan Eurooppa-strategia - Metkujen maaseutupolitiikka 85 Toiminta- ja taloussuunnitelma 2005–2007 sekä 55 Tilinpäätös 31.12.2000 tulostavoitteet ja talousarvio 2005 56 Palvelujen haun suuntautuminen Pohjois-Karjalassa 86 Joensuun ydinkaupunkiseudun palvelu- ja vuonna 2000 rakenneselvitys 57 Pohjois-Karjalan aluerakenteen vaihtoehtoja 87 Rantojen käytön periaatteet Pohjois-Karjalassa - Keskusteluasiakirja 58 Pohjois-Karjalan aluerakenteen vaihtoehtoja - Tiivistelmä 59 Urban regions in KASPNET area - Urban structures 60 Pohjois-Karjalan palvelurakenneselvitys 2005 61 KASPNET – Summary of Urban Structures 88 Innovatiiviset toimet Itä-Suomessa 62 Teknologian kehittämisen haasteet ja mahdollisuudet 89 Elävänä Pohjois-Karjalassa 2025 Pohjois-Karjalassa 90 Toimintakertomus 2004 63 Toiminta- ja taloussuunnitelma 2002–2004 sekä 91 Näkökulmia Pohjois-Karjalan tietoyhteiskunta- tulostavoitteet ja talousarvio 2002 kehitykseen 92 Tilaa tulevaisuuden tekijöille - Pohjois-Karjalan nuorisostrategia 93 Toiminta- ja taloussuunnitelma 2006–2008 sekä tulostavoitteet ja talousarvio 2006 2002 94 Pohjois-Karjalan maakuntasuunnitelma 2025 95 Pohjois-Karjalan työllisyysstrategia 2005–2010 64 Pohjois-Karjalan maakunnan TASKUTIETO 2002– 96 Maakunta liikkumaan – Pohjois-Karjalan liikunta- ja 65 Pohjois-Karjalan liikennejärjestelmäsuunnitelma urheilustrategia 66 Toimintakertomus 2001 67 Hyvinvointi Pohjois-Karjalassa 2006 68 Pohjois-Karjalan yritys- ja toimipaikkaselvitys 69 Toiminta- ja taloussuunnitelma 2003–2005 sekä tulostavoitteet ja talousarvio 2003 2006 97 Pohjois-Karjalan maakuntakaava, maakuntavaltuusto 21.11.2005 - Tiivistelmä 2003 98 Toimintakertomus 2005 99 POKAT 2010 70 Toimintakertomus 2002 - Pohjois-Karjalan maakuntaohjelma 2007–2010 71 Kulttuurista lisää voimaa ja työtä! 100 Toiminta- ja taloussuunnitelma 2007–2009 sekä - Pohjois-Karjalan kulttuuristrategia 2003–2006 tulostavoitteet ja talousarvio 2007 72 Maakuntaohjelma POKAT 2006 101 POKAT 2010 – Pohjois-Karjalan maakuntaohjelma - Pohjois-Karjala hyvästä paremmaksi 2007–2010 73 Pohjois-Karjalan matkailun nousu vuoteen 2006 - Ympäristöselostus - Pohjois-Karjalan matkailustrategian päivitys

2 (4) 2007 2010 102 Pohjoiskarjalaisen koulutusyhteistyön uusi malli 126 Kaivannaistoiminta Pohjois-Karjalan alue- - Hankkeen loppuraportti kehityksessä – Strategiset valinnat 2010–2014 103 Niiralan raja-aseman liikenneselvitys 2007 127 Pohjois-Karjalan strategia 2030 104 Toimintakertomus 2006 - Maakuntasuunnitelma 105 Pohjois-Karjalan bioenergiaohjelma 2015 128 POKAT 2014 – Pohjois-Karjalan maakuntaohjelma 106 Yhteistä Hyvää – Pohjois-Karjalan hyvinvointialan 2011–2014 järjestöstrategia 2015 129 POKAT 2014 – Pohjois-Karjalan maakuntaohjelma 107 Pohjoiskarjalainen hyvinvointi – Pohjois-Karjalan 2011–2014 hyvinvointiraportti 2007 - Ympäristöselostus 108 Pohjois-Karjalan matkailustrategia 2007–2013 130 Pohjois-Karjalan hyvinvointiohjelma 2015 109 Ruoasta Elämys – Pohjois-Karjalan elintarvikealan - Toteuttamissuunnitelma 2010–2011 kehittämisohjelma 2007–2010 131 Pohjois-Karjalan teknologiateollisuuden kehittämis- 110 Kulttuuri Pohjois-Karjalan aluekehityksessä ohjelma 2015 – Uusiutuva teknologiateollisuus – Strategiset valinnat 2007–2013 132 Pohjois-Karjalan liikennejärjestelmäsuunnitelma 111 Kohti kilpailukykyistä ja osaavaa Itä-Suomea 133 Tilinpäätös 2009 Aluerakenteen kehityksen suuntaviivoja/ 134 Rural Transport Solutions in Northern Periphery Tiivistelmä 135 Pysäkiltä vai kotoa – Joukkoliikenteen nykytila ja Towards a Competitive and Competent Eastern tulevaisuuden suunta Pohjois-Karjalassa Finland Regional structure development trends/ 136 Pohjois-Karjalan maakuntakaavan täydennys Summary (2.vaihe) 112 Kohti kilpailukykyistä ja osaavaa Itä-Suomea 137 Siitä on lähdettävä, että tähän on tultu – Aluerakenteen kehityksen suuntaviivoja Hyvinvointialan monitoimijaisten yhteistyökäytäntöjen 113 Toiminta- ja taloussuunnitelma 2008–2010 sekä selvitystyö Joensuun seudun kunnissa liittyen tulostavoitteet ja talousarvio 2008 sosiaalipalvelujen tuottamiseen 138 Toiminta- ja taloussuunnitelma 2011–2013 sekä tulostavoitteet ja talousarvio 2011

2008 114 Pohjois-Karjalan maakuntakaava (1. vaihekaava) Osa A: Kaavaselostus 2011 Osa B: Ehdotusvaiheen palaute 139 Pietarin ja Helsingin välinen nopea ratayhteys – Osa C: Liitekartat Liikenteelliset ja aluetaloudelliset vaikutukset 115 Toimintakertomus 2007 Karjalan kehityskäytävällä 116 Toiminta- ja taloussuunnitelma 2009–2011 sekä 140 Pohjois-Karjalan liikennejärjestelmäsuunnitelma, tulostavoitteet ja talousarvio 2009 Ilomantsi 117 Kehittämisprojektista palveluksi – Itä-Suomen 141 Pohjois-Karjalan liikennejärjestelmäsuunnitelma, Innovatiiviset toimet -ohjelman arviointi Pielisen Karjala 118 The Path from Development Project to Service – 142 Pohjois-Karjalan koulutus- ja sivistysstrategia 2014, Evaluation of the Innovative Actions in Eastern Osa 1: Strategiaosa Finland Programme Osa 2: Liitteet Summary 143 ”Tankit täyteen” Pohjois-Karjalan elintarvikeohjelma Kehittämisprojektista palveluksi – Itä-Suomen 2014 Innovatiiviset toimet -ohjelman arviointi 144 Tilinpäätös 2010 Tiivistelmä 145 Paikallisesti – Uusiutuvasti – Vietävän tehokkaasti Pohjois-Karjalan ilmasto- ja energiaohjelma 2020 146 Pohjois-Karjalan kv-toimintaohjelma 147 Toiminta- ja taloussuunnitelma 2012–2014 ja talousarvio 2012 2009 148 Itä-Suomi uusiutuu – Itä-Suomen bioenergiaohjelma 2020 119 Pohjois-Karjalan yritysselvitys 2008 149 Pielisen Karjalan joukkoliikenteen palvelutaso 120 Toimintakertomus 2008 121 Pohjois-Karjalan hyvinvointiohjelma 2015 - Strategiaosa 122 Pohjois-Karjalan kuntien ja kuntayhtymien sosiaali- ja terveyssektorin työvoimatarpeiden ennakointiraportti 2012 2010–2030 150 Pohjois-Karjalan hyvinvointiohjelma 2015 123 Pohjois-Karjalan terveydenhuolto- ja sosiaalipalvelu- - Toteuttamissuunnitelma 2012–2013 yritysten tunnuslukuja 2000-luvulta 124 Ilmastonmuutos Pohjois-Karjalan mahdollisuutena 125 Toiminta- ja taloussuunnitelma 2010–2012 sekä tulostavoitteet ja talousarvio 2010

3 (4) 151 Paikallisesti – Uusiutuvasti – Vietävän tehokkaasti Pohjois-Karjalan ilmasto- ja energiaohjelma 2020 Tiivistelmä Locally – Renewably – Effi ciently Climate and Energy Programme of North Karelia 2020 A Summary

4 (4) ISBN 978-952-5717-83-9 ISSN 1795-5610 www.pohjois-karjala.fi