Locally – Renewably – Efficiently Climate and Energy Programme of North Karelia 2020 A Summary Publication 151 2012 Locally – Renewably – Efficiently Climate and Energy Programme of North Karelia 2020 Summary Copies 300 Regional Council of North Karelia Pielisjoen linna, Siltakatu 2 FI-80100 JOENSUU, FINLAND Tel. + 358 13 267 4700 Fax. +358 13 267 4730 [email protected] www.pohjois-karjala.fi/english Layout Laura Jussila Photos Cover Jouko Langen/Vastavalo Stock.XCHNG Stock.XCHNG 3, 8, 13, 14, 21, 24-27 Jouko Langen/Vastavalo 4 Tarmo Sotikov 7, 19 Oona Lohilahti 15 Rauno Jussila 17 Hanne Lohilahti 22-23 Printing Kopijyvä Ltd, Jyväskylä 2012 The publication is also available on the Internet: www.pohjois-karjala.fi/maakuntaliitto > Tietopalvelu > Julkaisut ISBN 978-952-5717-82-2 (pbk.) ISBN 978-952-5717-83-9 (PDF) ISSN 1795-5610 Contents 1 The Climate and Energy Programme of North Karelia 2020.............................................5 2 Greenhouse Gas Emissions in North Karelia.......................................................6 3 Vision of an Oil-free Region....................................9 4 Energy Production and Consumption..................10 5 Transport...............................................................14 6 Community Structure and Land Use Planning.....16 7 Construction.........................................................18 8 Waste Management..............................................20 9 Forestry.................................................................22 10 Agriculture............................................................24 11 Adaptation to Climate Change NOW....................26 1 The Climate and Energy Programme of North Karelia 2020 The Climate and Energy Programme of North Karelia presents a plan of action for the North Karelia region on climate change mitigation and adaptation. The Climate and Energy Programme implements the climate targets set out in the European Un- ion and Finland. Visions and targets presented in the programme aim far beyond the target year of 2020. The programme was made in cooperation with all of the actors in the region and it sets a common vision of the desired future. The Regional Council of North Ka- relia acted as the programme coordinator. The strengths of North Karelia are its rich natural resources and diverse expertise in the bioenergy and forestry research sectors. In terms of energy self-sufficiency and the share of renewable energy, North Karelia already exceeds the EU and national climate targets. Climate change and the challenges it poses are seen as a possibility for the North Karelia region to develop innovations and new business opportunities. The programme focuses on the sectors of energy production and consumption, trans- port, community structure and land use planning, construction, waste management, agriculture and forestry. Climate targets for Finland after the Kyoto Protocol The European Union climate targets and the Finnish national targets by 2020: • Greenhouse gas emissions will be reduced by at least 20% from the 1990 level and by 30% if other industrialised countries adopt similar targets. • The non-ETS sector emissions in Finland will be reduced by 16% from the 2005 level. • The share of renewable energy in the EU will reach 20% and 38% in Finland. • Energy efficiency will be increased on average by 20% compared with the base line. • The share of renewable energy in transport will be increased to 10%. Climate and Energy Programme of North Karelia 2020 Summary 5 2 Greenhouse Gas Emissions in North Karelia Greenhouse gas emissions in North Karelia from the energy, transport, agricul- ture and waste sectors amounted to 1.6 million tonnes of carbon dioxide equivalent (CO2-eq.) in 2007. Emissions per sector are presented in the diagram below. Waste management 4 % Agriculture 15 % Energy production and consumption 45 % Transport 36 % Picture 1. Greenhouse gas emissions per sector in North Karelia 2007. Emissions from the energy and transport sectors correspond to more than 80% of the total greenhouse gas emissions in North Karelia. Decisions made in these sec- tors are crucial to achieving emission reductions in the region. The future availabil- ity and price of wood and plant-based fuels and the status of peat in electricity and heat production will determine the level of greenhouse gas emissions in the region in the future. 6 Locally – Renewably – Efficiently The strength of the regional economy can be supported by decentralised energy production based on renewable energy sources. This also assures the energy sup- ply. Above all, locally produced energy is not so strongly tied to business cycles. Greenhouse gas emis- Greenhouse gas North Karelia’s sions in North Karelia emissions in Finland share of total (tonnes of CO2-eq.) (tonnes of CO2-eq.) emissions in Finland Energy production and consumption 710 000 48 900 000 1,5 Transport 558 000 14 700 000 3,8 Agriculture 238 600 5 500 000 4,3 Waste management 56 000 2 400 000 2,3 Total 1 562 600 78 300 000 2,0 Other key climate and energy figures in North Karelia • Forests and forestland in North Karelia absorb a total of 3 million tonnes of CO2-eq. • About 84% of the total land area of the region is covered in forest, of which one- third is swamp. • Total emissions decreased by almost 7% between 1990 and 2007. • Greenhouse gas emissions in North Karelia totalled 9.4 tonnes of CO2-eq. per person in 2007. The corresponding figure for Finland was 14.8 tonnes. • The share of renewable energy from the total energy use of the region is about 63%, of which the share of wood energy is 82%. • Employment in the renewable energy cluster was about 1,100 persons (full- time equivalent) in 2008 and turnover was about 120 million euros. The growth in both employment and turnover was about 30% from 2004. • Research, development and educational institutions invest about 5 million euros per year in renewable energy. • In 2011 there was roughly 30 regional, national or international ongoing renew- able energy-related projects in the region. Climate and Energy Programme of North Karelia 2020 Summary 7 8 Locally – Renewably – Efficiently 3 Vision of an Oil-free Region The starting point of the climate and energy programme of North Karelia is to strength- en the existing resources in the area and to make full use of the potential the re- gion has to offer. An oil-free North Karelia • Is a carbon neutral and over self-sufficient region in renewable energy produc- tion where fossil oil is not used in energy production. • Takes advantage and develops the possibilities of bioeconomy and is an inter- national actor in the climate and energy sector. • Is known for sustainable development solutions that enhance the well-being of people and the environment where municipalities, communities, companies and residents are aware of the climate change and mitigation actions and who are conscious of their responsibilities and possibilities in terms of climate issues. How does the vision become reality? • The share of renewable energy is increased and diversified and energy effi- ciency is enhanced. • In North Karelia, greenhouse gas emissions will be reduced by more than the EU’s target of 20% by 2020. • Cooperation between private and public sector organisations is increased and climate change is taken into account in all planning and decision-making. • Export activities for technology and services are strengthened. • Municipalities are aware of the current state of their greenhouse gas emissions and the major emission sources, and have determined their own climate targets and measures accordingly. • The use of natural resources in North Karelia is sustainable and the biodiversity values of forests and agricultural environments are taken into account. The implementation of the climate and energy programme requires long-term and resolute cooperation. In addition to the Regional Council, national and local author- ities, education and research organisations, regional development companies and businesses will implement the climate and energy programme, each within their own jurisdiction. Climate and Energy Programme of North Karelia 2020 Summary 9 4 Energy Production and Consumption Energy consumption in North Karelia (including heating, electricity and transport) has been a little over 10 TWh in recent years. The share of renewable energy of the total consumption is high, about 63%. About 75% of thermal energy and electricity is produced by renewable energy sources. The renewable energy sources in use in North Karelia are bioenergy (84%), hydropower (15%) and others (1%). Bioenergy consists almost entirely of wood energy, industrial by-products and forest energy. Oil is, in practice, the only fossil fuel in use in the region. The use of peat has been around 700 GWh or 8% in recent years. Fossil fuels (transport) 16,7 % Heating fossi oil 7,4% Wood energy 49,2 % (Black liquor 48% Other industrial by-products 26% Wood chips 11% Firewood 14% Import of electricity Pellets 1%) 8,9 % Peat 6,9 % Waste 0,1 % Heat pumps 1,3 % Hydropower Other bioenergy 9,3 % 0,3 % Picture 2. End use of energy in 2008. In the near future, the increase of production, consumption and export of renewable energy, enhancing energy efficiency and consumer advice on energy will be high- lighted in North Karelia. 10 Locally – Renewably – Efficiently Table 1. The current state of energy production and consumption in North Karelia, and the target for 2020. North Karelia CURRENT STATE (GWh) TARGET (GWh) Production Consumption Production