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ERABI Module 6 Evidence-Based Review of Moderate to Severe Acquired Brain Injury 2018 6. Cognition Interventions Post Acquired Brain Injury Shawn Marshall MD MSc, Shannon Janzen MSc, Pavlina Faltynek MSc, Jerome Iruthayarajah BSc, Laura Rees PhD, Margaret Weiser PhD, Nicolas Vanin Moreno MD(c), Jeffrey Chow MSc, Robert Teasell MD ERABI Parkwood Institute 550 Wellington Road, London ON 1 Module 6-Cognition Interventions Post Acquired Brain Injury- V12 http://www.abiebr.com Updated September 2018 Evidence-Based Review of Moderate to Severe Acquired Brain Injury 2018 Table of Contents 6.1 Introduction to Cognitive Functioning after ABI ............................................................... 12 6.2 Remediation of Attention, Concentration, and Information Processing Speed .................. 12 6.2.1 Non-Pharmacological Interventions ......................................................................... 13 6.2.1.1 Drill & Practice .......................................................................................................... 13 6.2.1.2 Dual-Task Training .................................................................................................... 15 6.2.1.3 Computer-Based Interventions ................................................................................. 16 6.2.1.4 Attention Training Programs .................................................................................... 21 6.2.2 Pharmacological Interventions ................................................................................. 30 6.2.2.1 Donepezil .................................................................................................................. 30 6.2.2.2 Methylphenidate....................................................................................................... 31 6.2.2.3 Amantadine .................................................................. Error! Bookmark not defined. 6.2.2.4 Bromocriptine ........................................................................................................... 36 6.2.2.5 Cerebrolysin .............................................................................................................. 37 6.2.2.6 Growth Hormone (GH) Replacement Therapy .............. Error! Bookmark not defined. 6.3 Remediation of Learning and Memory Deficits ................................................................ 39 6.3.1 Non-Pharmacological Interventions ......................................................................... 40 6.3.1.1 Assistive Devices ....................................................................................................... 40 6.3.1.2 Internal Memory Strategies ...................................................................................... 52 6.3.1.3 Learning and Memory Training Programs ................................................................ 58 6.3.1.4 Cranial Electrotherapy Stimulation ........................................................................... 73 6.3.2 Pharmacological Interventions ................................................................................. 74 6.3.2.1 Donepezil .................................................................................................................. 74 6.3.2.2 Methylphenidate....................................................................................................... 76 6.3.2.3 Sertraline ................................................................................................................... 79 6.3.2.4 Amantadine .............................................................................................................. 80 6.3.2.5 Pramiracetam ........................................................................................................... 82 6.3.2.6 Physostigmine ........................................................................................................... 82 6.3.2.7 Bromocriptine ........................................................................................................... 83 6.3.2.8 Cerebrolysin .............................................................................................................. 85 6.3.2.9 Growth Hormone (GH) Replacement Therapy .......................................................... 86 6.4 Remediation of Executive and General Cognitive Functioning .......................................... 89 2 Module 6-Cognition Interventions Post Acquired Brain Injury- V12 http://www.abiebr.com Updated September 2018 Evidence-Based Review of Moderate to Severe Acquired Brain Injury 2018 6.4.1 Non-Pharmacological Interventions ......................................................................... 89 6.4.1.1 Remediation of Executive Functioning .......................... Error! Bookmark not defined. 6.4.1.2 Remediation of General Cognitive Functioning ...................................................... 104 6.4.2 Pharmacological Interventions ............................................................................... 106 6.4.2.1 Donepezil ................................................................................................................ 106 6.4.2.2 Methylphenidate..................................................................................................... 107 6.4.2.3 Sertraline ................................................................................................................. 109 6.4.2.4 Amantadine ............................................................................................................ 110 6.4.2.5 Pramiracetam .............................................................. Error! Bookmark not defined. 6.4.2.6 Physostigmine ............................................................... Error! Bookmark not defined. 6.4.2.7 Bromocriptine ......................................................................................................... 111 6.4.2.8 Growth Hormone (GH) Replacement Therapy ........................................................ 113 6.5 Conclusions .................................................................................................................. 118 6.6 Reference List ............................................................................................................... 124 3 Module 6-Cognition Interventions Post Acquired Brain Injury- V12 http://www.abiebr.com Updated September 2018 Evidence-Based Review of Moderate to Severe Acquired Brain Injury 2018 Table Directory Table 6.1 The Effect of Drill and Practice on Attention Post ABI Table 6.2 The Effect of Dual-Task Training on Speed of Processing Post ABI Table 6.3 The Effect of Computer-Based Interventions on Reaction Time Post ABI Table 6.4 The Effect of Attention Training Programs on Attention and Concentration Post ABI Table 6.5 The Effect of Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation on Attention Post ABI Table 6.6 The Effect of Donepezil on Memory and Cognitive Functioning Post ABI Table 6.7 The Effect of Methylphenidate on Attention, Concentration, and Processing Speed Post ABI Table 6.8 The Effect of Bromocriptine on Attention Post ABI Table 6.9 The Effect of Cerebrolysin on Attention Post ABI Table 6.10 The Effect of Rivastigmine on Attention and Processing Speed Post ABI Table 6.11 The Effect of External Aids on Memory Post ABI Table 6.12 The Effect of Passive Devices on Memory and Task Completion Post ABI Table 6.13 The Effect of Virtual Reality Exercises on Learning and Memory Post ABI Table 6.14 The Effect of Cognitive Strategies on Learning and Memory Post ABI Table 6.15 The Effect of Cranial Electrotherapy Simulation on Memory Post ABI Table 6.16 The Effect of Donepezil on Memory and Cognitive Functioning Post ABI Table 6.17 The Effect of Methylphenidate on Learning and Memory Post ABI Table 6.18 The Effect of Sertraline on Memory and Learning Post ABI Table 6.19 The Effect of Amantadine on Learning and Memory Post ABI Table 6.20 The Effect of Pramiracetam on Memory Post ABI Table 6.21 The Effect of Physostigmine on Memory Post ABI Table 6.22 The Effect of Bromocriptine on Learning Post ABI Table 6.23 The Effect of Cerebrolysin on Memory Post ABI Table 6.24 The Effect of rh(GH) on Memory Post ABI Table 6.25 The Effect of Rivastigmine on Learning and Memory Post ABI 4 Module 6-Cognition Interventions Post Acquired Brain Injury- V12 http://www.abiebr.com Updated September 2018 Evidence-Based Review of Moderate to Severe Acquired Brain Injury 2018 Table 6.26 The Effect of Individual Therapies on Executive Function Post ABI Table 6.27 The Effect of Cognitive Rehabilitation Strategies on General Cognitive Function Post ABI Table 6.28 The Effect of Donepezil on Executive and General Cognitive Functioning Post ABI Table 6.29 The Effect of Methylphenidate on Executive and General Cognitive Functioning Post ABI Table 6.30 The Effect of Sertraline on Executive and General Cognitive Functioning Post ABI Table 6.31 The Effect of Amantadine on Executive and General Cognitive Functioning Post ABI Table 6.32 The Effect of Bromocriptine on Executive and General Cognitive Functioning Post ABI Table 6.33 The Effect of rh(GH) on Executive and Cognitive Functioning Post ABI 5 Module 6-Cognition Interventions Post Acquired Brain Injury- V12 http://www.abiebr.com Updated September 2018 Evidence-Based Review of Moderate to Severe Acquired Brain Injury 2018 Abbreviations ABI Acquired Brain Injury APT Attention Process Training CES Cranial Electrotherapy Stimulation GH Growth Hormone Met Methionine Allele PASAT Paced Auditory Serial Addition Task
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