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DISASTER MANAGEMENT PLAN-LOCUSTS Government of Uttar Pradesh Contents Page 1 Chapter 1: Introduction 2 1.1 Vision Statement 2 1.2 Evolution of this Plan 2 1.3 Themes & underlying currents 6 1.4 Objectives of the Plan 8 2 Profile of Uttar Pradesh 10 3 Vulnerability assessment and risk analysis 32 3.1 Locusts 32 3.2 Vulnerability history of the State 40 3.3 Hazard risk assessment & vulnerability mapping 41 4 Preventive Measures 45 4.1 Early warning & dissemination system 45 4.2 Prevention & mitigation measures 49 4.3 Analysis of training needs 52 5 Response 54 5.1 Alert mechanism 54 5.2 Criteria for level definition 54 5.3 Recommended control measures 57 5.3.1 Control may not be always necessary 57 5.3.2 Factors influencing control methods 57 5.3.3 Methods of locust control 58 5.3.4 Choice of insecticide 61 5.3.5 Calibration 63 5.4 L0 Activities 65 5.4.1 Awareness campaign 65 5.4.2 Logistic planning 66 5.4.3 Health check up of field staff 69 5.4.4 Infrastructure creation 70 5.4.5 Training programmes 71 5.4.6 Contingency planning & drill 71 5.4.7 Monitoring developments and preparedness 72 5.5 L2 Responses 73 5.6 L3 Responses 77 5.7 SOP’s from receiving “Alert” till threat resolution 80 6 Preparedness measures 84 6.1 Preparations for pre-determined responses 84 6.2 Capacity building and other proactive measures 87 6.3 Use of media 90 1 INTEGRATEDMANAGEMENT GROUP, LUCKNOW DISASTER MANAGEMENT PLAN-LOCUSTS Government of Uttar Pradesh 6.3.1 Key issues 90 6.3.2 SOP’s for media release 91 6.3.3 Draft media release 91 Financial arrangements 7 7.1 Assessment of required financial resources 92 7.2 Funding arrangements 93 Funding for campaign against locust 7.3 infestations 93 8 Mainstreaming DM concerns in development plans 95 9 Partnership with other stakeholders 97 10 Review & updating 99 10.1 Probabilistic scenario building 99 10.2 Schedule for mock drills / exercises 99 10.3 Schedule for updating the Plan 99 11 Coordination and implementation 100 11.1 ICS gridlock 100 11.2 State wide activity flow 100 11.3 Quality & outcome indicators 104 11.4 Monitoring mechanisms and MIS 105 12 Annexures 109 2 INTEGRATEDMANAGEMENT GROUP, LUCKNOW DISASTER MANAGEMENT PLAN-LOCUSTS Government of Uttar Pradesh List of Abbreviations APC Agriculture Production Commissioner CBDM Community Based Disaster Management CBO Community Based Organisations CM Campaign Manager CMG Crisis Management Group CRF Calamity Relief Fund CSC Community Service Centre DA Directorate of Agriculture DAC Department of Agriculture & Cooperation DCA Department of Civil Aviation DCMO District Chief Medical Officer DLSAU District Level Surveillance Advisory Unit DM Disaster Management DMC Disaster Management Cell DMF Disaster Mitigation Fund DPPO District Plant Protection Officer DPPQS Directorate of Plant Protection, Quarantine and Storage DRM Disaster Risk Management EOC Emergency Operations Centre FAO Food and Agriculture Organisation GoI Government of India GoUP Government of Uttar Pradesh HPC High Powered Committee IDDR International Decade for Disaster Reduction IDRN India Disaster Resource Network IMG Integrated Management Group IPMC Integrated Pest Management Centre LSG Local Self Government LWO Locust Warning Organisation MO Medical Officer NAC Notified Area Committee NAIS National Agricultural Insurance Scheme NCC National Cadet Corps NCCF National Calamity Contingency Fund NCDM National Centre for Disaster Management NDMA National Disaster Management Authority NDMF National Disaster Mitigation Fund 3 INTEGRATEDMANAGEMENT GROUP, LUCKNOW DISASTER MANAGEMENT PLAN-LOCUSTS Government of Uttar Pradesh NDMRC National Disaster Mitigation Resource Centre NDRF National Disaster Response Force NSS National Service Scheme NYK Nehru Yuva Kendra PDPSAU District Pest Surveillance and Advisory Unit PM Prime Minister PPE Personal Protection Equipment RC Relief Commissioner RKBY Rashtriya Krishi Bima Yojana SDMA State Disaster Management Authority SDMP State Disaster Management Plan SEZ Special Economic Zone SGDP State Gross Domestic Product SMF Small and Marginal Farmers SOP Standard operating procedures SPSAU State Pest Surveillance and Advisory Unit ULB Urban Local Bodies ULV Ultra Low Volume UNDP United Nations Development Programme UPAAM Uttar Pradesh Academy of Administration & Management UPSDMA UP State Disaster Management Authority USDA United States Disaster Administration WPR Work Participation Rate Preface 4 INTEGRATEDMANAGEMENT GROUP, LUCKNOW DISASTER MANAGEMENT PLAN-LOCUSTS Government of Uttar Pradesh This State Disaster Management Plan for Locust Attack has been developed on the basis of detailed discussions with the officials at the Directorate of Agriculture, U.P., the secondary sources notably historical records, reports published by FAO and DPPQ, Government of India, recommendations of different specialized agencies in India and elsewhere. Guidelines of NDMA and that of High Power Committee on Disaster Management (HPC) has defined tenor, content, and approach of the report. The DMP comprehensively covers L0, L1, L2 and L3 situations with reference to the management of Locust Attack should it happen . The mechanisms for real-time alerts, and the strategies that would mitigate / prevent the damage have been put in place. The comments made by the Principal Secretary, Department of Agriculture U.P. during the presentation of the Draft have been thoroughly studied and incorporated in this final report. His valuable suggestions have enhanced greatly the usefulness of the final document. We also take this opportunity to thank all those have contributed in developing this plan. 5 INTEGRATEDMANAGEMENT GROUP, LUCKNOW DISASTER MANAGEMENT PLAN-LOCUSTS Government of Uttar Pradesh EXECUTIVE SUMMARY Vulnerability Assessment and Risk Analysis What are Locusts? Locusts constitute a serious threat to food security as they can form large and highly mobile swarms capable of migrating over large distances and destroying standing crops over large areas. Swarms fly during day time, starting about two hours after sunrise and settle about an hour before sunset as convection dries away. Swarms may fly up to nine or ten hours in a day, moving downwind. A swarm moves at slightly less than the wind speed and may easily move 100 km or more in a day. In the absence of wind, locusts fly at about 3-4 m/s. Migration and Seasonal Distributions Since swarms are displaced downwind, the seasonal changes in the mean wind flow bring locusts into particular zones during particular seasons. Downwind displacement tends to bring locusts into an area during the season when rain is most likely. Thus in south-east Iran’s bordering region with Balochistan (Pakistan) the locusts breed during winter to migrate eastward – towards India and on Indian side i.e. on Rajasthan, Gujarat, Sind (Pak) bordering region the locusts breed in summer and migrate westward. All this is true only in a very general way. Rare and even unprecedented movements continue to occur. Swarm migrations are generally controlled by warm wind however, there are often other winds that the swarms could have moved with, but apparently do not. This means the direction of migration is not easy to predict. However, the movements of swarms are well documented and do provide some guidance for issuing early warnings by Locust Watch, a constituent of FAO. History of vulnerability of the State to Locust attacks 6 INTEGRATEDMANAGEMENT GROUP, LUCKNOW DISASTER MANAGEMENT PLAN-LOCUSTS Government of Uttar Pradesh The following charts detail locust plagues and upsurges in India. It will be seen that there has been no plague since 1962. Most of the functionaries in the Plant Protection Division of the State’s Agriculture Directorate view a disaster situation from locust plague as a rather remote possibility. Locust plague cycles and upsurges in India Plagues Years Years 1812-1821 1900-1907 1843-1844 1912-1920 1863-1867 1926-1930 1869-1873 1940-1946 1876-1881 1949-1955 1889-1891 1959-1962 Small scale localized locust breeding have also been reported and controlled during the period from 1998, 2002, 2005 and 2007. Hazard risk assessment and vulnerability mapping In India, damage to crops caused by locust cycles during 1926-31, on a conservative estimate, was about Rs. 10 crore. During 1940-46 and 1949-55 the damage was estimated at Rs. 2.00 crore each and it was only Rs. 50.00 lakh during the last locust cycle i.e. during 1959-62. Though no locust cycle/ plague have been observed after 1962 however, during 1978 and 1993 large scale upsurges were reported. Damage estimated to be Rs. 2.00 lakh in 1978 and Rs. 7.18 lakh in 1993. Since then, reported damages caused by locust upsurges have been largely insignificant. FAO keeps the areas between Sahara and Indian deserts under constant surveillance and disseminates information and perceived threats at regular interval. FAO’s emergency assistance to countries facing desert locust invasions is coordinated by the Emergency Centre for Locust Operations (ECLO), based at FAO headquarters in Rome. 7 INTEGRATEDMANAGEMENT GROUP, LUCKNOW DISASTER MANAGEMENT PLAN-LOCUSTS Government of Uttar Pradesh Western border regions of India do have locust breeding grounds and to that extent pose a threat to North Indian crops. Typical swarm movements, will threaten Rajasthan Haryana, Punjab, UP and MP. The districts in UP that border on Haryana are particularly vulnerable. A disaster like situation, however, can arise under following conditions: 1. ECLO becomes dysfunctional (perhaps because donors are unenthusiastic), i.e. it fails / stops to monitor the locust situations in their breeding grounds, 2. War like situation in the breeding area – between Western Sahara and the Indian desert – does not permit the ECLO to carry out regular surveillance operations 3. International tension in Middle east and Pakistan do not allow ECLO to take airborne actions against swarms moving towards the Indian subcontinent 4. Pakistan has breeding grounds where locusts can potentially breed in two seasons (unlike the Indian area which has only one season breeding ground).

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