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Israele: Un Progetto Fallito

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Israele: Un Progetto Fallito Mario Moncada di Monforte Israele: un progetto fallito. I valori dell’Ebraismo traditi da uno Stato che o sarà bi-nazionale o è senza speranza 1 a Susanna Nirenstein Questo saggio è stato ispirato da Susanna Nirenstein, alla quale è dedicato. Il 10 aprile 2007 la Nirenstein ha scritto su la Repubblica un articolo con una visione ottimistica d’Israele. L’articolo ha stimolato la lettera che segue, ma il giornale, pur non contestandone i contenuti, non ha ritenuto di pubblicarla. La lettera diceva: “Egregio dottor Mauro, ricordando l'equilibrio di scrittori come Yehoshua o come Grossman, quando leggo articoli come quello di Susanna Nirenstein apparso ieri su Repubblica, provo rabbia. E' una rabbia che nasce dalla convinzione che gli argomenti e i ricordi storici parziali usati dalla Nirenstein non siano favorevoli agli interessi ebraici perché suscitano tre tipi di reazione non utili: - la reazione negativa di chi ricorda che tutte le visioni esaltate di un popolo, di una cultura e, peggio, di una "razza", sono state sempre nefaste nella storia degli uomini; - la reazione ostile di chi rileva la descrizione incompleta dell'epopea sionista con la manifesta rimozione dei crimini storicamente incontestabili dell'Irgun e della "banda Stern" che hanno fatto scrivere all'ebreo Benny Morris "sono stati i crimini e il terrorismo ebraico degli anni trenta e quaranta ad insegnare ai palestinesi quanto sia utile il terrorismo" (Vittime, BUR); - l’ulteriore esaltazione di quei fanatici che inseguono i sogni di un Grande Israele che vada almeno dal Giordano al mare e dal Golan ad Eilat, con i Palestinesi possibilmente cacciati in Giordania. Lavorando ad Ivrea, nell'irripetibile atmosfera culturale creata dall'umanesimo di Adriano Olivetti, scoprendo studiosi come Elia Benamozegh e Leo Baeck ho imparato che la cultura occidentale deve alla cultura ebraica concetti come "umanità", "futuro", "speranza" che erano ignoti alla cultura greca condizionata dal "fato". Questi concetti, penetrati anche attraverso il Cristianesimo, hanno fatto reimpostare in Occidente la visione del mondo e della prospettiva umana donando un patrimonio di valori ideali di cui ai più non sono note le radici ebraiche. Credo, quindi, che chi voglia spendersi per la causa ebraica debba fare un'opera di divulgazione pacata dei valori dell'Ebraismo e non un'esaltazione della "nazione ebraica" e del suo "popolo". Vogliamo ricordare quanti danni ha fatto negli ultimi due secoli in Occidente l'esaltazione delle "nazioni" europee? Vogliamo ricordare che i più illustri biologi del mondo hanno dimostrato che non esiste un "popolo" ebraico in senso etnico perché non c'è alcuna affinità genetica fra gli ebrei slavi del nord europeo e gli ebrei neri falascià etiopici? Vogliamo ricordare qual è la realtà dello spezzatino etnico, linguistico e religioso-settario degli Ebrei d’Israele dilaniati da invidie, disprezzi, ingiustizie, risentimenti e sopraffazioni fra gli stessi Ebrei, tenuti assieme oggi solo dalla paura e dalla necessità di difendersi? Se si ha il coraggio di guardare in faccia la realtà, non servono gli articoli di esaltazione. Serve una sobria e pacata informazione sull'Ebraismo, sulle sue attese ideali, sui bisogni di ogni giorno, sulle speranze di pace di sempre. Cordiali saluti”. Mi rispondeva Paolo Mauri , responsabile del Settore Cultura de la Repubblica :“Gentile Moncada, Ezio Mauro mi gira la sua lettera sull'articolo di Susanna Nirenstein. Il dibattito sul sionismo, l'ebraismo, Israele etc. è aperto da sempre sulle colonne di Repubblica, con accenti diversi e talvolta persino contrastanti. E' nella natura di argomenti di vastissima portata, come del resto la sua lettera riassume benissimo. Con i più cordiali saluti,Paolo Mauri”. Riscontravo Mauri con questa mia: “Gentile Mauri, la ringrazio per aver voluto cortesemente riscontrare la mia lettera. Ma le mie considerazioni non troveranno spazio su la Repubblica. So bene che, in Occidente, l'establishment ebraico non gradisce e cerca sempre di impedire che spunti come quelli della mia lettera appaiano sulla stampa. Lo so da quarantacinque anni perché gli ebrei come Adriano Olivetti, che sono la maggioranza, non sono “il potere forte” del "popolo" ebraico. E l'informazione inadeguata dell'opinione pubblica mondiale assiste impotente all'ormai secolare incancrenirsi del nodo israelo-palestinese e non si rende conto dei molti perché. Non saremo certamente né lei né io a modificare la situazione. Cordiali saluti” La volontà di opporre una qualche iniziativa al dilagare della disinformazione alimentata dai giornalisti come Susanna Nirenstein e da quel sionismo che non accetta la lezione della storia che viene dalla Palestina, mi ha suggerito di scrivere questo saggio, dedicandolo alla sua ispiratrice. Mario Moncada 2 Indice - Introduzione: perché questo saggio? 1 - Israele : un progetto fallito 1.1 - Questioni storiche e lessicali 1.2 - Il sionismo: un'ideologia come reazione - il sionismo politico e pratico - il sionismo “spirituale” - il sionismo “revisionista” 1.3 - Israele: la formazione dello Stato 1.4 - Israele: un progetto fallito 2 - Israele: una malconcia immagine internazionale 2.1 - Israele: i crimini inutili e la disfatta morale 2.2 - Le Risoluzioni ONU non rispettate 2.3 - Le denunce di Amnesty International 3 - Israele: uno Stato senza speranza? 3.1 - Brevi note sulla “questione islamica” 3.2 - La situazione nei “Territori occupati” 3.3 - Israele: la paura ed il rigetto 3.4 - Israele: uno Stato che o sarà bi-nazionale o è senza speranza - Note - Appendice - Bibliografia 3 Introduzione: perché questo saggio? Una premessa è necessaria: questo saggio, che è stato scritto citando fonti che provengono soltanto da studiosi e giornalisti ebrei, non vuole aggredire gli ebrei che già nei millenni hanno subito troppe violenze e discriminazioni. Avendo lavorato ad Ivrea dalla seconda metà degli anni Cinquanta, ho avuto la fortuna di apprezzare il senso dei valori ideali che Adriano Olivetti profondeva nei suoi rapporti con il lavoro, con la società e con la politica. La sua idea di "comunità" aveva le radici nella cultura ebraica al cui umanesimo mi sono avvicinato con rispetto. Ho scoperto studiosi come Elia Benamozegh e Leo Baeck dai quali ho imparato che la cultura occidentale deve alla cultura ebraica concetti come "umanità", "futuro", "speranza" che erano ignoti alla cultura greca dominata dal "fato". Questi concetti, penetrati anche attraverso il Cristianesimo, hanno fatto reimpostare in Occidente la visione del mondo e della prospettiva umana costruendo un patrimonio di valori ideali di cui ai più non sono note le radici ebraiche. Credo, quindi, che chi voglia spendersi per le attese ideali dell’Ebraismo, per i suoi bisogni di ogni giorno e per le sue speranze di pace di sempre, debba fare un'opera di divulgazione pacata dei suoi veri valori e una contestazione documentata degli errori di Israele che mortificano quei valori. L’impegno di queste pagine, pertanto, ha lo scopo di chiamare energicamente l’attenzione su fatti storici noti e non contestabili, la cui rimozione non consente alla più vasta opinione pubblica occidentale di avere quel quadro effettivo della situazione mediorientale che, per il conflitto fra gli Israeliani e i Palestinesi, è diventata la causa principale dell’instabilità del mondo. La disinformazione è aggravata dal fatto che, nel mondo occidentale, gli organi d’informazione fermano quotidianamente l’enfasi su tutto ciò che è considerato un ritardo civile del mondo musulmano e sui più o meno gravi attentati islamici che spesso, per le dolorose conseguenze che ne derivano, sono veri atti criminali. Contemporaneamente, però, i media rimuovono o danno marginalmente le notizie sui comportamenti altrettanto criminali degli israeliani e sulle loro contraddizioni sociali, politiche e morali. E’ stata così “costruita” un’opinione pubblica completamente disinformata sulla situazione effettiva in Israele, sulla condizione effettiva dei Palestinesi e sullo stato di fatto dei “Territori occupati” dagli Israeliani ormai da mezzo secolo. In molti sostengono che la disinformazione sia voluta ed imposta dalle potenti lobbies finanziarie ebraiche e, a conferma, citano il fatto che in Italia, per esempio, si è verificato che sono giunte insieme in mani ebraiche la proprietà del giornale la Repubblica , la direzione del Corriere della sera , la direzione del TG1 e la direzione del TG5: cioè i maggiori organi di informazione del Paese, cui danno un rilevante contributo molti noti opinionisti ebrei. Forse, c’è qualcosa di vero. Certo, ognuno difende la sua parrocchia, ma la disinformazione occidentale sulla realtà israeliana è dovuta ad una ragione molto più radicale e più vasta. L’Occidente ha la coda di paglia: è consapevole di portare il peso di quasi due millenni di vessazioni inflitte agli ebrei ed è costretto ad evitare qualsiasi comportamento che possa essere 4 tacciato di “antisemitismo”. Vedremo meglio il senso ed i limiti di questo termine dispregiativo, ma rimane che secoli di soprusi impongono oggi agli occidentali prudenza nel dire e nel fare. Come gli uomini di Stato occidentali sono misurati e cauti nelle iniziative che intraprendono per affrontare le questioni del conflitto israelo-palestinese, cosi anche gli organi d’informazione occidentali usano mille cautele nel parlare di fatti israeliani: tutti vogliono evitare di apparire “antisemiti”. Ma tanta prudenza, in effetti, non ha favorito né la pace né la causa ebraica perché le frange estremiste, che si trovano fra gli israeliani come
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