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Chinese Rhubarb)
IJAS_39192 Vol 8, Issue 6, 2020 ISSN- 2321-6832 Review Article GENERAL OVERVIEW OF PHYTOCHEMISTRY AND PHARMACOLOGICAL POTENTIAL OF RHEUM PALMATUM (CHINESE RHUBARB) AAMIR KHAN KHATTAK, SYEDA MONA HASSAN, SHAHZAD SHARIF MUGHAL* Department of Chemistry, Lahore Garrison University, Lahore, Pakistan, Email: [email protected] Received: 21 July 2020 , Revised and Accepted: 11 October 2020 ABSTRACT Recent probe of medicinal plants incorporated in traditional systems for curing infection and sustaining holistic health, has exposed good sum of therapeutic efficiency against deleterious infections and chronic illnesses. Rheum palmatum (Chinese Rhubarb, family Polygonaceae) is a significant medicinal herb, which finds an extensive use in Unani (Traditional) system of medicine. It has been traditionally employed as antiseptic, liver stimulant, diuretic, diabetes, stomachic, purgative/cathartic, anticholesterolemic, antitumor, Alzheimer’s, Parkinson’s, tonic, antidiabetic, and wound healer. The most vital components from Rheum palmatum are the phenolics, flavonoids, terpenoids, saponins, and anthraquinone derivatives such as aloe- emodin, chrysophanol, physcion, rhein, emodin and its glucorhein, and glycoside. Rhubarb also contains tannins which include hydrolysable-tannins, containing glycosidic or ester bonds composed of glucose, gallic acid, and other monosaccharide’s and condensed tannins, resulting principally from the flavone derivatives leukocyanidin and catechin. In recent years, new components such asrevandchinone-1, revandchinone-2, revandchinone-3, revandchinone-4, sulfemodin8-O-b-Dglucoside, and 6-methyl-rhein and aloe-emodin have been reported from the same class. It also encompasses some macro and micro mineral elements such as Ca, K, Mn, Fe, Co, Zn, Na, Cu, and Li. Anthraquinone derivatives demonstrate evidence of anti- microbial, antifungal, anti-proliferative, anti-Parkinson’s, immune enhancing, anticancer, antiulcer, antioxidant, and antiviral activities. -
Illinois Exotic Species List
Exotic Species in Illinois Descriptions for these exotic species in Illinois will be added to the Web page as time allows for their development. A name followed by an asterisk (*) indicates that a description for that species can currently be found on the Web site. This list does not currently name all of the exotic species in the state, but it does show many of them. It will be updated regularly with additional information. Microbes viral hemorrhagic septicemia Novirhabdovirus sp. West Nile virus Flavivirus sp. Zika virus Flavivirus sp. Fungi oak wilt Ceratocystis fagacearum chestnut blight Cryphonectria parasitica Dutch elm disease Ophiostoma novo-ulmi and Ophiostoma ulmi late blight Phytophthora infestans white-nose syndrome Pseudogymnoascus destructans butternut canker Sirococcus clavigignenti-juglandacearum Plants okra Abelmoschus esculentus velvet-leaf Abutilon theophrastii Amur maple* Acer ginnala Norway maple Acer platanoides sycamore maple Acer pseudoplatanus common yarrow* Achillea millefolium Japanese chaff flower Achyranthes japonica Russian knapweed Acroptilon repens climbing fumitory Adlumia fungosa jointed goat grass Aegilops cylindrica goutweed Aegopodium podagraria horse chestnut Aesculus hippocastanum fool’s parsley Aethusa cynapium crested wheat grass Agropyron cristatum wheat grass Agropyron desertorum corn cockle Agrostemma githago Rhode Island bent grass Agrostis capillaris tree-of-heaven* Ailanthus altissima slender hairgrass Aira caryophyllaea Geneva bugleweed Ajuga genevensis carpet bugleweed* Ajuga reptans mimosa -
Cytotoxicity and Phytotoxicity of Some Selected Medicinal Plants of the Family Polygonaceae
African Journal of Biotechnology Vol. 9 (5), pp. 770-774, 1 February, 2010 Available online at http://www.academicjournals.org/AJB DOI: 10.5897/AJB09.232 ISSN 1684–5315 © 2010 Academic Journals Full Length Research Paper Cytotoxicity and phytotoxicity of some selected medicinal plants of the family Polygonaceae Farrukh Hussain 2, Ishfaq Hameed 2, Ghulam Dastagir 2, Shams-un-Nisa 3, Ibrar Khan 1 and Bashir Ahmad 1* 1Pharma Biotech Research Laboratory, Centre of Biotechnology and Microbiology, University of Peshawar, Pakistan. 2Pharmacognosy Laboratory, Department of Botany, University of Peshawar, Pakistan. 3Jinnah College for Women, University of Peshawar, Pakistan. Accepted 9 November, 2009 The cytotoxicity of the crude methanolic extracts of Rumex hastatus, Rumex dentatus, Rumex nepalensis, Rheum australe, Polygonum persicaria and Polygonum plebejum (Family Polygonaceae ) was determined against Artemia salina at 1000, 100 and 10 µµµg/ml. R. hastatus, R. dentatus and R. nepalensis showed significant activity at a concentration of 1000 µµµg/ml against Artemia salina. R. australe showed low activity at 1000 µµµg/ml and no activity at 100 and 10 µµµg/ml. At concentration of 10 µµµg/ml, R. australe showed no activity. Similarly the phytotoxicity of the crude extracts of these six plants was determined against Lemna minor. All the plants except R. hastatus showed significant activity at a concentration of 1000 µµµg/ml. Moderate activity was shown by R. australe , R. nepalensis and P. persicaria at the concentration of 100 µµµg/ml. All the plants showed low phytotoxic activity at concentration of 10 µµµg/ml. Key words: Rumex hastatus, Rumex dentatus, Rumex nepalensis, Rheum australe, Polygonum persicaria, Polygonum plebejum, Artemia salina, Lemna minor, cytotoxicity , phytotoxicity. -
An Ethnobotanical Study of Medicinal Plants Used by the Locals in Kishtwar, Jammu and Kashmir, India
View metadata, citation and similar papers at core.ac.uk brought to you by CORE provided by OpenSIUC Ethnobotanical Leaflets 13: 1240-56 , 2009. An Ethnobotanical Study of Medicinal Plants used by the Locals in Kishtwar, Jammu and Kashmir, India Mahesh Kumar, Yash Paul and V. K. Anand Department of Botany, University of Jammu, Jammu.-180006 e-mail. [email protected] Issued October 01, 2009 Abstract This study represents a systematic attempt to explore the knowledge of the native people about plants, which they use to cure diseases. And it is an attempt towards conserving the local knowledge of people to plants. This paper presents a list and uses of some medicinal plants distributed in the high altitude district Kishtwar in Jammu and Kashmir. The list was prepared during an ethno-botanical survey of the region from December 2007 to January, 2009. This paper provides information about 71 ethno-medicinally useful plants grown in this region. In this paper, family, botanical name, local name, ethnomedicinal uses are given for each plant. Introduction It is documented that 80% of the world population has faith in traditional medicines, particularly plant drugs for their primary healthcare (Kala et al., 2006). The use of plants for medicinal purposes and human sustenance has been in practice in India since the Vedic age. The earliest mention of the medicinal use of the plants is found in the Rigveda, 1500-400 BC, Athurveda 1500 BC, Upnishada 1000-600 BC (Chauhan, 1999). In India about 17000 species of higher plants out of which 7500 are known for medicinal uses (Shiva, 1996). -
Rhubarb 2018
ONLINE SERIES MONOGRAPHS The Scientific Foundation for Herbal Medicinal Products Rhei radix Rhubarb 2018 www.escop.com The Scientific Foundation for Herbal Medicinal Products RHEI RADIX Rhubarb 2018 ESCOP Monographs were first published in loose-leaf form progressively from 1996 to 1999 as Fascicules 1-6, each of 10 monographs © ESCOP 1996, 1997, 1999 Second Edition, completely revised and expanded © ESCOP 2003 Second Edition, Supplement 2009 © ESCOP 2009 ONLINE SERIES ISBN 978-1-901964-59-2 Rhei radix - Rhubarb © ESCOP 2018 Published by the European Scientific Cooperative on Phytotherapy (ESCOP) Notaries House, Chapel Street, Exeter EX1 1EZ, United Kingdom www.escop.com All rights reserved Except for the purposes of private study, research, criticism or review no part of this text may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system or transmitted, in any form or by any means, without the written permission of the publisher. Important Note: Medical knowledge is ever-changing. As new research and clinical experience broaden our knowledge, changes in treatment may be required. In their efforts to provide information on the efficacy and safety of herbal drugs and herbal preparations, presented as a substantial overview together with summaries of relevant data, the authors of the material herein have consulted comprehensive sources believed to be reliable. However, in view of the possibility of human error by the authors or publisher of the work herein, or changes in medical knowledge, neither the authors nor the publisher, nor any other party involved in the preparation of this work, warrants that the information contained herein is in every respect accurate or complete, and they are not responsible for any errors or omissions or for results obtained by the use of such information. -
Bgci's Plant Conservation Programme in China
SAFEGUARDING A NATION’S BOTANICAL HERITAGE – BGCI’S PLANT CONSERVATION PROGRAMME IN CHINA Images: Front cover: Rhododendron yunnanense , Jian Chuan, Yunnan province (Image: Joachim Gratzfeld) Inside front cover: Shibao, Jian Chuan, Yunnan province (Image: Joachim Gratzfeld) Title page: Davidia involucrata , Daxiangling Nature Reserve, Yingjing, Sichuan province (Image: Xiangying Wen) Inside back cover: Bretschneidera sinensis , Shimen National Forest Park, Guangdong province (Image: Xie Zuozhang) SAFEGUARDING A NATION’S BOTANICAL HERITAGE – BGCI’S PLANT CONSERVATION PROGRAMME IN CHINA Joachim Gratzfeld and Xiangying Wen June 2010 Botanic Gardens Conservation International One in every five people on the planet is a resident of China But China is not only the world’s most populous country – it is also a nation of superlatives when it comes to floral diversity: with more than 33,000 native, higher plant species, China is thought to be home to about 10% of our planet’s known vascular flora. This botanical treasure trove is under growing pressure from a complex chain of cause and effect of unprecedented magnitude: demographic, socio-economic and climatic changes, habitat conversion and loss, unsustainable use of native species and introduction of exotic ones, together with environmental contamination are rapidly transforming China’s ecosystems. There is a steady rise in the number of plant species that are on the verge of extinction. Great Wall, Badaling, Beijing (Image: Zhang Qingyuan) Botanic Gardens Conservation International (BGCI) therefore seeks to assist China in its endeavours to maintain and conserve the country’s extraordinary botanical heritage and the benefits that this biological diversity provides for human well-being. It is a challenging venture and represents one of BGCI’s core practical conservation programmes. -
Authentication and Genetic Origin of Medicinal Angelica Acutiloba Using Random Amplified Polymorphic DNA Analysis
American Journal of Plant Sciences, 2013, 4, 269-273 http://dx.doi.org/10.4236/ajps.2013.42035 Published Online February 2013 (http://www.scirp.org/journal/ajps) Authentication and Genetic Origin of Medicinal Angelica acutiloba Using Random Amplified Polymorphic DNA Analysis Kiyoshi Matsubara*, Satoshi Shindo, Hitoshi Watanabe, Fumio Ikegami Center for Environment, Health and Field Sciences, Chiba University, Kashiwa, Japan. Email: *[email protected] Received December 18th, 2012; revised January 15th, 2013; accepted January 22nd, 2013 ABSTRACT Some Angelica species are used for medicinal purposes. In particular, the roots of Angelica acutiloba var. acutiloba and A. acutiloba var. sugiyamae, known as “Toki” and “Hokkai Toki”, respectively, are used as important medicinal materi- als in traditional Japanese medicine. However, since these varieties have recently outcrossed with each other, it is diffi- cult to determine whether the Japanese Angelica Root material used as a crude drug is the “pure” variety. In this study, we developed an efficient method to authenticate A. acutiloba var. acutiloba and A. acutiloba var. sugiyamae from each other and from other Angelica species/varieties. The random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) method efficiently discriminated each Angelica variety. A. acutiloba var. sugiyamae was identified via a characteristic fragment amplified by the decamer primer OPD-15. This fragment showed polymorphisms among Angelica species/varieties. The unique fragment derived from A. acutiloba var. sugiyamae was also found in one strain of A. acutiloba var. acutiloba, implying that this strain arose from outcrossing between A. acutiloba var. acutiloba and A. acutiloba var. sugiyamae. This RAPD marker technique will be useful for practical and accurate authentication among A. -
And Elettaria Cardamomum (Cardamom) Extracts Using a Murine Macrophage Cell Line
American International Journal of Available online at http://www.iasir.net Research in Formal, Applied & Natural Sciences ISSN (Print): 2328-3777, ISSN (Online): 2328-3785, ISSN (CD-ROM): 2328-3793 AIJRFANS is a refereed, indexed, peer-reviewed, multidisciplinary and open access journal published by International Association of Scientific Innovation and Research (IASIR), USA (An Association Unifying the Sciences, Engineering, and Applied Research) An in vitro study of the immunomodulatory effects of Piper nigrum (black pepper) and Elettaria cardamomum (cardamom) extracts using a murine macrophage cell line Anuradha Vaidya1 and Maitreyi Rathod2 1Deputy Director 1,2Symbiosis School of Biomedical Sciences (SSBS), Symbiosis International University (SIU), Symbiosis Knowledge Village, Gram- Lavale, Taluka- Mulshi, Pune 412115, Maharashtra, INDIA. Abstract: Cardamom and black pepper have been used as spices in many different cultures of the world and the medicinal properties attributed to these are extensive. Although the immunomodulatory activities of many herbs have been studied, research related to possible immunomodulatory effects of various spices on macrophages is relatively scarce. Hence in this study, we have explored the potential immunomodulatory effects of black pepper and cardamom on macrophages. We show that black pepper and cardamom extracts act as potent modulators of the macrophages in a dose-dependent “see-saw” like manner. Our findings suggest that perhaps black pepper and cardamom could be used individually or synergistically (at appropriate concentrations) as candidates for developing potential therapeutic tools to regulate the responses of the immune system depending upon the type of disease. Keywords: Immunomodulation; Black pepper; Cardamom; MTT assay; Doubling time I. INTRODUCTION Monocytes and macrophages are the central cells of the innate immune system that arise from a common myeloid progenitor in the bone marrow [1]. -
2016 Nwbio Farmer's Market Tables
Table 1: SUPERMARKET BOTANY NAME: DATE: LOCATION(S) VISITED: Examine edible plants from the produce aisle or at the Farmers Market and use your knowledge of plant anatomy to determine plant organ(s). ** How do you know? Answer this question using diagnostic features and relationship to other plant parts. Complete common & scientific names when not given in the table. Anatomy of Edible **How Do You Know? Name of Vegetable Scientific Name Part Carrot Family Apiaceae Daucus carota Carrot Apium graveolens Celery Sunflower Family Asteraceae Artichoke Cynara scolymus Belgian endive Cichorium intybus Lettuce Lactuca sativa Mustard Family Brassicaceae Brussels Sprout Brassica oleracea Cauliflower Brassica oleracea Cabbage Brassica oleracea Kale Brassica oleracea Kohlrabi Brassica oleracea Radish Raphanus sativus Turnip Brassica rapa Spinach Family Chenopodiaceae Swiss Chard Beta vulgaris Beet Beta vulgaris Spinach Spinacea oleracea Farmer’s Market Tables.doc Table 1: SUPERMARKET BOTANY continued Anatomy of Edible **How Do You Know? Name of Vegetable Scientific Name Part Lamiaceae Mint Family Lavender Buckwheat Family Polygonaceae Rhubarb Rheum rhaponticum Lily Family Relatives Asparagus Asparagus officinalis Garlic Tomato Family Potatoe Eggplant Petunia Squash Family Family: Cinnamon Family: Vanilla Modified from Lab Manual for Applied Botany. Levetin, MacMahon, and Reinsvold (2002) Table 2: Lane County Farmer’s Market Seasonal Crop Calendar (a chart will be included in the hard copy but can be seen at the following URL) http://www.farmfresh.org/learn/harvestcalendar.php http://www.lanecountyfarmersmarket.com/ Farmer’s Market Tables.doc Table 3: Plant Family Foods After each food item in the MENU below, write in the standard plant family name to which the food belongs. -
Quality Control of Herbal Material and Phytopharmaceuticals with MS and NMR Based Metabolic Fingerprinting
Review 763 Quality Control of Herbal Material and Phytopharmaceuticals with MS and NMR Based Metabolic Fingerprinting Authors Frank van der Kooy, Federica Maltese, Young Hae Choi, Hye Kyong Kim, Robert Verpoorte Affiliation Division of Pharmacognosy, Section of Metabolomics, Institute of Biology, Leiden University, Leiden, The Netherlands Key words Abstract areas of research such as drug discovery from nat- l" metabolic fingerprinting ! ural resources, quality control of herbal material, l" NMR Metabolic fingerprinting techniques have re- and discovering lead compounds. In this review l" MS ceived a lot of attention in recent years and the the current state of the art of metabolic finger- l" medicinal plants annual amount of publications in this field has in- printing, focussing on NMR and MS technologies l" herbal plant preparations creased significantly over the past decade. This in- will be discussed. The application of these two an- crease in publications is due to improvements in alytical tools in the quality control of herbal mate- the analytical performance, most notably in the rial and phytopharmaceuticals forms the major field of NMR and MS analysis, and the increased part of this review. Finally we will look at the fu- awareness of the different applications of this ture developments and perspectives of these two growing field. Metabolomic fingerprinting or technologies in the quality control of herbal ma- profiling is continuously being applied to new terial. Introduction These terms, notably metabolic profiling, meta- ! bolic fingerprinting and metabolomics are some- Plants have been used throughout history as the times used interchangeably. It is not our intention primary source of food, timber, fuel, and medi- to give a formal definition of metabolomics. -
Analytical Methods Accepted Manuscript
Analytical Methods Accepted Manuscript This is an Accepted Manuscript, which has been through the Royal Society of Chemistry peer review process and has been accepted for publication. Accepted Manuscripts are published online shortly after acceptance, before technical editing, formatting and proof reading. Using this free service, authors can make their results available to the community, in citable form, before we publish the edited article. We will replace this Accepted Manuscript with the edited and formatted Advance Article as soon as it is available. You can find more information about Accepted Manuscripts in the Information for Authors. Please note that technical editing may introduce minor changes to the text and/or graphics, which may alter content. The journal’s standard Terms & Conditions and the Ethical guidelines still apply. In no event shall the Royal Society of Chemistry be held responsible for any errors or omissions in this Accepted Manuscript or any consequences arising from the use of any information it contains. www.rsc.org/methods Page 1 of 26 Analytical Methods 1 2 3 4 A practical method for the simultaneous quantitative determination of 5 6 twelve anthraquinone derivatives in rhubarb by a single-marker based on 7 8 9 ultra-performance liquid chromatography and chemometrics analysis 10 11 12 13 * * 14 Peng Tan, Yan-ling Zhao, Cong-En Zhang, Ming Niu, Jia-bo Wang , Xiao-he Xiao 15 16 17 18 19 China Military Institute of Chinese Medicine, 302 Military Hospital of Chinese 20 21 People's Liberation Army, Beijing 100039, P.R. China 22 Manuscript 23 24 25 26 Authors: 27 28 Peng Tan, E-mail: [email protected] Tel.: +86 10 66933325. -
Poisonous Plants -John Philip Baumgardt TURIST Are Those of the Authors and Are Not Necessarily Tho Se of the Society
American · ulturist How you spray does make a differenee. Now, more than ever, it's im portant to use just the right amount of spray to rid your garden of harmful insects and disease . This is the kind of precise 12. Right &1pressure: A few 4. Right pattern: Just turn control you get with a Hudson strokes of the pump lets you spray nozzle to get a fine or sprayer. Here's why you get spray at pressure you select coarse spray . Or for close-up best results, help protect the -high for a fine mist (good or long-range spraying. environment: for flowers) or low for a wet 5. Most important, right place: With a Hudson sprayer, 1 L( 1 spra~ (:~Stfor weeds) you place spray right where the trouble is. With its long extension and adjustable noz zle, you easily reach all parts I. R;ghl m;" W;lh a Hudson of plant. Especially under the ~ leaves where many insects sprayer, you mix spray exact- . Iy 'as recommended And 3. Right amount: Squeeze hide and most disease starts. that's the way it goes o~ your handle, spray's on. Release, For a more beautiful garden plants-not too strong or too it's off. Spray just to the point -a better environment weak. of runoff. C?at the plant, keep you r sprayi ng right on .,.J... IJ:~:1i.~ ,don't drench It. target-with a Hudson spray er. Get yours now. How you spray does make a difference! SIGN OF THE BEST BUV SPRAYERS AND DUSTERS .,..~<tlt\O ' P * "'Al Cf O('f"(I,1: ~Good Housekeeping; ""'1,; GU, U N1(( S ~.'" Allow 2 to 4 weeks delivery, Offer expires December 31 , 1972.