Early Mendicant Architecture in Central-Eastern Research
Total Page:16
File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb
Load more
Recommended publications
-
The Capital Sculpture of Wells Cathedral: Masons, Patrons and The
The Capital Sculpture of Wells Cathedral: Masons, Patrons and the Margins of English Gothic Architecture MATTHEW M. REEVE For Eric Fernie This paper considers the sculpted capitals in Wells cathedral. Although integral to the early Gothic fabric, they have hitherto eluded close examination as either a component of the building or as an important cycle of ecclesiastical imagery in their own right. Consideration of the archaeological evidence suggests that the capitals were introduced mid-way through the building campaigns and were likely the products of the cathedral’s masons rather than part of an original scheme for the cathedral as a whole. Possible sources for the images are considered. The distribution of the capitals in lay and clerical spaces of the cathedral leads to discussion of how the imagery might have been meaningful to diCerent audiences on either side of the choir screen. introduction THE capital sculpture of Wells Cathedral has the dubious honour of being one of the most frequently published but least studied image cycles in English medieval art. The capitals of the nave, transepts, and north porch of the early Gothic church are ornamented with a rich array of figural sculptures ranging from hybrid human-animals, dragons, and Old Testament prophets, to representations of the trades that inhabit stiC-leaf foliage, which were originally highlighted with paint (Figs 1, 2).1 The capitals sit upon a highly sophisticated pier design formed by a central cruciform support with triple shafts at each termination and in the angles, which oCered the possibility for a range of continuous and individual sculpted designs in the capitals above (Fig. -
The Catholic Church in the Czech Republic
The Catholic Church in the Czech Republic Dear Readers, The publication on the Ro- man Catholic Church which you are holding in your hands may strike you as history that belongs in a museum. How- ever, if you leaf through it and look around our beauti- ful country, you may discover that it belongs to the present as well. Many changes have taken place. The history of the Church in this country is also the history of this nation. And the history of the nation, of the country’s inhabitants, always has been and still is the history of the Church. The Church’s mission is to serve mankind, and we want to fulfil Jesus’s call: “I did not come to be served but to serve.” The beautiful and unique pastoral constitution of Vatican Coun- cil II, the document “Joy and Hope” begins with the words: “The joys and the hopes, the grief and the anxieties of the men of this age, especially those who are poor or in any way afflicted, these are the joys and hopes, the grief and anxieties of the followers of Christ.” This is the task that hundreds of thousands of men and women in this country strive to carry out. According to expert statistical estimates, approximately three million Roman Catholics live in our country along with almost twenty thousand of our Eastern broth- ers and sisters in the Greek Catholic Church, with whom we are in full communion. There are an additional million Christians who belong to a variety of other Churches. Ecumenical cooperation, which was strengthened by decades of persecution and bullying of the Church, is flourishing remarkably in this country. -
Asions of Hungarian Tribes
Timeline / 400 to 2000 / CZECH REPUBLIC Date Country | Description 833 A.D. Czech Republic The establishment of Great Moravia (Moravia, western Slovakia, parts of Hungary, Austria, Bohemia and Poland). 863 A.D. Czech Republic Spread of Christianity, arrival of missionaries Constantine (Cyril) and Methodius; establishment of Old Slavonic language, Glagolitic script. Archbishopric established. Conflicts with Frankish empire, invasions of Hungarian tribes. The foundation of Prague Castle. 965 A.D. Czech Republic Prague described in narration of Jewish-Arabian merchant Ibn Jákúb. Establishment of first (Benedictine) monasteries and Prague bishopric (974). Foundation of the Czech state under the Przemyslid dynasty. 1031 A.D. Czech Republic Origination of the Moravian Margraviate as part of the Czech state, with main centres Znojmo, Brno and Olomouc. 1063 A.D. Czech Republic Founding of Olomouc bishopric. Vratislav II made first Czech King (1085). The first Czech chronicle known as the Chronicle of Cosmas. Premonstratensian and Cistercian monasteries founded (1140). 1212 A.D. Czech Republic Golden Bull of Sicily: Roman King Friedrich II defines the relationship between Czech kings and the Holy Roman Empire. The Czech king becomes one of seven electors privileged to elect the Roman king. 1234 A.D. Czech Republic Establishment of towns. German colonisation. Invasion of the Mongolians (1241). Introduction of mining law (1249), the provincial court (1253) and provincial statutes. The Inquisition introduced (1257). 1278 A.D. Czech Republic P#emysl Otakar II killed at Battle of the Moravian Field. Under his rule, the Czech lands reached to the shores of the Adriatic. Bohemia governed by Otto of Brandenburg, Moravia by Rudolph of Habsburg. -
Is There Urban Landscape in Metropolitan Areas? an Unobvious Answer Based on Corine Land Cover Analyses
land Article Is There Urban Landscape in Metropolitan Areas? An Unobvious Answer Based on Corine Land Cover Analyses Urszula Myga-Pi ˛atek* , Anna Zemła-Siesicka˙ , Katarzyna Pukowiec-Kurda, Michał Sobala and Jerzy Nita Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of Silesia, 41200 Sosnowiec, Poland; [email protected] (A.Z.-S.);˙ [email protected] (K.P.-K.); [email protected] (M.S.); [email protected] (J.N.) * Correspondence: [email protected]; Tel.: +48-32-3689-361 Abstract: The recent increase in urban areas has stimulated landscape urbanization. One of the ways to study this process is an analysis based on the structure of land cover. The aim of this paper is to assess the intensity of the urban landscape on the basis of the CORINE in the seven largest metropolitan areas in Poland and in the Ruhr Metropolis in Germany. To this end, an urban landscape intensity indicator (ULII) was used based on Corine Land Cover at three levels of detail: the metropolitan area, municipalities and hexagons. There are similarities in landscape structure in areas with similar origin (industrial function) and spatial organization (mono- and polycentric agglomerations). The landscape of the Upper Silesia-Zagł˛ebieMetropolis differs from the landscape of other metropolitan areas in Poland and simultaneously shows similarities to the landscape of the Ruhr Metropolis. The results of the ULII also revealed a dependency: the dominance of rural and transitional landscapes in a majority of the study areas. Urban landscapes occur only in the central zones of the metropolitan areas. -
Pages 114- 129 Great Architecture of the World Readings
Readings Pages 114- 129 Great Architecture of the World ARCH 1121 HISTORY OF ARCHITECTURAL TECHNOLOGY Photo: Alexander Aptekar © 2009 Gothic Architecture 1140-1500 Influenced by Romanesque Architecture While Romanesque remained solid and massive – Gothic: 1) opened up to walls with enormous windows and 2) replaced semicircular arch with the pointed arch. Style emerged in France Support: Piers and Flying Buttresses Décor: Sculpture and stained glass Effect: Soaring, vertical and skeleton-like Inspiration: Heavenly light Goal: To lift our everyday life up to the heavens Gothic Architecture 1140-1500 Dominant Art during this time was Architecture Growth of towns – more prosperous They wanted their own churches – Symbol of civic Pride More confident and optimistic Appreciation of Nature Church/Cathedral was the outlet for creativity Few people could read and write Clergy directed the operations of new churches- built by laymen Gothic Architecture 1140-1420 Began soon after the first Crusaders returned from Constantinople Brought new technology: Winches to hoist heavy stones New Translation of Euclid’s Elements – Geometry Gothic Architecture was the integration of Structure and Ornament – Interior Unity Elaborate Entrances covered with Sculpture and pronounced vertical emphasis, thin walls pierced by stained-glass Gothic Architecture Characteristics: Emphasis on verticality Skeletal Stone Structure Great Showing of Glass: Containers of light Sharply pointed Spires Clustered Columns Flying Buttresses Pointed Arches Ogive Shape Ribbed Vaults Inventive Sculpture Detail Sharply Pointed Spires Gothic Architecture 1140-1500 Abbot Suger had the vision that started Gothic Architecture Enlargement due to crowded churches, and larger windows Imagined the interior without partitions, flowing free Used of the Pointed Arch and Rib Vault St. -
China Gothic: Indigenous' Church Design in Late- Imperial Beijing Anthony E
Whitworth Digital Commons Whitworth University History Faculty Scholarship History 2015 China Gothic: Indigenous' Church Design in Late- Imperial Beijing Anthony E. Clark Whitworth University, [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: http://digitalcommons.whitworth.edu/historyfaculty Part of the Architectural History and Criticism Commons, Asian Art and Architecture Commons, Asian History Commons, and the History of Religion Commons Recommended Citation Clark, Anthony E. , "China Gothic: Indigenous' Church Design in Late-Imperial Beijing" Whitworth University (2015). History Faculty Scholarship. Paper 10. http://digitalcommons.whitworth.edu/historyfaculty/10 This Article is brought to you for free and open access by the History at Whitworth University. It has been accepted for inclusion in History Faculty Scholarship by an authorized administrator of Whitworth University. SAH ANNUAL CONFERENCE IN CHICAGO, 2015 Presentation Paper Panel: “The Invaluable Indegine: Local Expertise in the Imperial Context” Paper Title: “China Gothic: ‘Indigenous’ Church Design in Late-Imperial Beijing” Presenter: Anthony E. Clark, Associate Professor of Chinese History (Whitworth University) Abstract: In 1887 the French ecclesiastic-cum-architect, Bishop Alphonse Favier, negotiated the construction of Beijing’s most extravagant church, the North Church cathedral, located near the Forbidden City. China was then under a semi-colonial occupation of missionaries and diplomats, and Favier was an icon of France’s mission civilisatrice. For missionaries such as Favier, Gothic church design represented the inherent caractère Français expected to “civilize” the Chinese empire. Having secured funds from the imperial court to build his ambitious Gothic cathedral, the French bishop enlisted local builders to realize his architectural vision, which consisted of Gothic arches, exaggerated finials, and a rose widow with delicate tracery above the front portal. -
An Outline of Greek Catholic Monasticism in the Czech Lands and Czechoslovakia Throughout the 19Th and 20Th Century
AN OUTLINE OF GREEK CATHOLIC MONASTICISM IN THE CZECH LANDS AND CZECHOSLOVAKIA THROUGHOUT THE 19TH AND 20TH CENTURY Jakub Zouhar God Is Love, Let’s Love Him. Bishopric Motto of Pavol Gojdič, OSBM DOI: 10.17846/CL.2018.11.2.151-167 Abstract: ZOUHAR, Jakub. An Outline of Greek Catholic Monasticism in the Czech Lands and Czechoslovakia throughout the 19th and 20th Century. Byzantine-rite Christians have always been of little importance to general public living in Czechoslovakia, especially to inhabitants of Bohemia. Moreover, Slovak elites did not always choose an even-handed approach to the Greek Catholic Church. This was caused by the different character of Byzantine-rite Christians, very often Rusyns by origin. That was why the history of Byzantine-rite Christians was so complicated within the defined territory throughout the 19th and 20th centuries. It is even truer of Greek Catholic monasticism. Those who decided to be an enemy of the Greek Catholics had to start with the elimination of their elite – monks and nuns. The worst time for Byzantine-rite Christians came in the second half of the 20th century when the states where they lived were ruled by Communists regimes. Keywords: Greek Catholicism, Monasticism, Bohemia, Moravia, Hungary, Czech Republic, Slovak Republic, Czechoslovakia, Ukraine, the Rusyns, 19th Century, 20th Century Abstrakt: Zouhar, Jakub. Prehľad gréckokatolíckeho monasticizmu v Česku a Československu počas 19. a 20. storočia. Kresťania byzantského obradu nikdy nemali pre širokú verejnosť žijúcu v Československu, predovšetkým pre obyvateľov Čiech, veľký význam. Ani sloven- ské elity nepristupovali vždy ku gréckokatolíckej cirkvi nestranne. Bolo to spôsobené od- lišným charakterom kresťanov byzantského obradu, veľmi často pôvodom Rusínov. -
The Role of the Manufacturing Industry in Shaping the Economic Base and Functions of Urban Settlements in Łódzkie Voivodeship (Poland)
Prace Komisji Geografii Przemysłu Polskiego Towarzystwa Geograficznego Studies of the Industrial Geography Commission of the Polish Geographical Society 34 (4) · 2020 ISSN 2080-1653 DOI 10.24917/20801653.344.4 JacekPedagogical May University in Krakow, Poland KrzysztofPedagogical Wiedermann University in Krakow, Poland PrzemysławPolish Academy Śleszyński of Sciences, Institute of Geography and Spatial Organization, Warsaw, Poland The role of the manufacturing industry in shaping the economic base and functions of urban settlements in Łódzkie Voivodeship (Poland) Abstract: This research deals with the presence and potential of the manufacturing industry in the urban settlements of Łódzkie Voivodeship. Its cognitive goal is to recognise the present share of industry in the eco- nomic and functional base of those settlements that, as a result of the system transformation, underwent re- structuring and deindustrialisation, and the shrinking of its economic base. The re-development of this base and functions, appropriate to the role of towns and cities in the settlement system, requires new paths and indicating them is the application objective of the research. The work is based on the theory of the economic base of settlements, using statistical and cartographic methods including ‘heat maps’ as well as ‘employment surplus’ and the Amemiya indicator. Studies have shown that both economic and industrial potential are playsconcentrated a in the urban settlements of the Łódź agglomeration but decrease especially towards the south and south-east, and that traditional sectors still dominate. Despite intensive deindustrialisation, industry still significant role in the economic base and functions of most small and medium towns of the voivode- ship, as well as parts of some large urban settlements. -
Copyright © 2015 Polish Geological Institute – National Research Institute 1 Table 2 LIST of SAND and GRAVEL DEPOSITS –
Table 2 LIST OF SAND AND GRAVEL DEPOSITS – thousand tonnes The Resources state of Name of deposit anticipated Output County develop- economic economic ment Total number of deposits : 9525 18 360 903 3 662 548 146 527 Balic Sea 137 777 98 307 772 number of deposits : 3 1 Ławica Słupska-Bałtyk S* T 45 419 44 183 - Bałtycki Obszar Morski 2 Połud.Ławica Środ.-Bał.Płd* E 54 668 54 124 772 Bałtycki Obszar Morski 3 Zatoka Koszali ńska* Z 37 691 - - Bałtycki Obszar Morski dolno śląskie voivodeship 2 291 970 481 788 12 395 number of deposits: 472 1 Bagno R 53 - - trzebnicki 2 Bagno I E 800 800 76 trzebnicki 3 Bartniki III* R 7 039 - - ząbkowicki 4 Bądzów I R 2 774 - - głogowski 5 Bielanka I* R 1 379 1 379 - lwówecki 6 Bielanka (p. E)* P 55 919 - - lwówecki, złotoryjski 7 Bielanka (p. W)* P 28 740 - - lwówecki 8 Bielany* E 1 430 1 430 1 jaworski 9 Bielany-Południe* E 5 307 701 71 jaworski 10 Bielawa Dolna* R 41 220 - - zgorzelecki 11 Bierkowice* T 2 991 1 091 - kłodzki 12 Bierkowice* M - - - kłodzki 13 Bierkowice 1* E 7 833 7 813 200 kłodzki 14 Biskupin* T 305 277 - legnicki 15 Boguszyce E 14 785 14 778 97 ole śnicki 16 Bolesławice III* Z 5 400 - - bolesławiecki 17 Bolesławice p.1* M - - - bolesławiecki 18 Bolesławice p.2* T 1 381 1 156 - bolesławiecki 19 Bolesławice p.III* E 870 828 83 bolesławiecki 20 Bolesławiec II* Z 1 914 - - bolesławiecki 21 Bole ścin M - - - świdnicki 22 Borszyn Wielki E 210 - 19 górowski 23 Brodowice E 2 227 2 227 23 lubi ński 24 Brzezinka R 3 483 3 243 - ole śnicki 25 Brzezinka Średzka-Pla Ŝa E 4 135 3 473 220 średzki -
Sieradz Trasy Rowerowe
SZLAKIEM BURSZTYNOWYM DO MIĘDZYRZECZA, SZLAKIEM BURSZTYNOWYM WARTY I WIDAWKI DO WARTY SIERADZ Sieradz, Męcka Wola, Początek trasy dworzec kolejowy TRASY ROWEROWE Początek trasy stacja kolejowa Sieradz, Sieradz, Koniec trasy dworzec kolejowy Koniec trasy dworzec kolejowy Długość trasy ok. 42 km Długość trasy ok. 45 km Czas przejazd ok. 4-4,5 h Czas przejazd ok. 4,5 h TRASA TRASA Trasa: Sieradz Chojne – 7,5km - Beleń – 2km – Strońsko – 3km – Pstrokonie Trasa: Sieradz dworzec kolejowy (ul. Zakładników) 4,5km – Charłupia Mała – 6km – Rez. Korzeń – 6km – Burzenin – 2km – Witów – 2km – Ligota – – 3,5km – Kościerzyn – 3,5km – Kobierzycko, Sędzice – 6km – Tubądzin – 7,5km – Chojne – 9km – Sieradz (Krakowskie Przedmieście, Kolegiacka) 8km – Warta (Świętojańska, Jagiellońska, Klasztorna, Rynek, 20 Stycznia, Stary Rynek – 2km – Sieradz dworzec Tarnowskiego, Łódzka) – 2,5km – Jeziorsko – 4km – Kamionacz – 10km – Sieradz Męka Warta Zespół klasztorny Bernardynów Charłupia Mała z XV w. Burzenin Strońsko - Beleń Kościół gotycki św. Mikołaja Sanktuarium MP Patronki z XIV w. Punkty widokowe na dolinę Warty Kościół barokowy śś. Wojciecha Ziemi Sieradzkiej Zespół klasztorny Bernardynek Szlak Walk nad Wartą 1939 r., i Stanisława z XVII w., Kościół neogotycki z pocz. XX w. z XVIII w. schrony z 1939 r. mur obronny z XVII w. Ratusz miejski klasycystyczny Trapezowy rynek, zabudowa Kobierzycko z XIX w. rynku Muzeum Miasta i Rzeki Warty Plaża, kąpielisko, wypożyczalnia Strońsko Zespół dworsko-parkowy z XIX w. ul. 20 Stycznia 26, tel. 43 829 41 78 sprzętu wodnego Godz. otwarcia: pn.-pt. 9-15, sob. 10-13 Kościół św. Urszuli romański z XIII w. Tubądzin Witów Pstrokonie Dwór klasycystyczny z XVIII w., Punkt Widokowy Grodzisko stożkowe z XIV w. -
Wykaz Identyfikatorów I Nazw Jednostek Podziału Terytorialnego Kraju” Zawiera Jednostki Tego Podziału Określone W: − Ustawie Z Dnia 24 Lipca 1998 R
ZAK£AD WYDAWNICTW STATYSTYCZNYCH, 00-925 WARSZAWA, AL. NIEPODLEG£0ŒCI 208 Informacje w sprawach sprzeda¿y publikacji – tel.: (0 22) 608 32 10, 608 38 10 PRZEDMOWA Niniejsza publikacja „Wykaz identyfikatorów i nazw jednostek podziału terytorialnego kraju” zawiera jednostki tego podziału określone w: − ustawie z dnia 24 lipca 1998 r. o wprowadzeniu zasadniczego trójstopniowego podziału terytorialnego państwa (Dz. U. Nr 96, poz. 603 i Nr 104, poz. 656), − rozporządzeniu Rady Ministrów z dnia 7 sierpnia 1998 r. w sprawie utworzenia powiatów (Dz. U. Nr 103, poz. 652) zaktualizowane na dzień 1 stycznia 2010 r. Aktualizacja ta uwzględnia zmiany w podziale teryto- rialnym kraju dokonane na podstawie rozporządzeń Rady Ministrów w okresie od 02.01.1999 r. do 01.01.2010 r. W „Wykazie...”, jako odrębne pozycje wchodzące w skład jednostek zasadniczego podziału terytorialnego kraju ujęto dzielnice m. st. Warszawy oraz delegatury (dawne dzielnice) miast: Kraków, Łódź, Poznań i Wrocław a także miasta i obszary wiejskie wchodzące w skład gmin miejsko-wiejskich. Zamieszczone w wykazie identyfikatory jednostek podziału terytorialnego zostały okre- ślone w: − załączniku nr 1 do rozporządzenia Rady Ministrów z dnia 15 grudnia 1998 r. w sprawie szczegółowych zasad prowadzenia, stosowania i udostępniania krajowego rejestru urzędo- wego podziału terytorialnego kraju oraz związanych z tym obowiązków organów admini- stracji rządowej i jednostek samorządu terytorialnego, obowiązującego od dnia 1 stycz- nia 1999 r. (Dz. U. z 1998 r. Nr 157, poz. 1031), − kolejnych rozporządzeniach Rady Ministrów zmieniających powyższe rozporządzenie w zakresie załącznika nr 1 (Dz. U. z 2000 Nr 13, poz. 161, z 2001 r. Nr 12, poz. 100 i Nr 157, poz. -
Agrotourist Guide-Book
AGROTOURIST GUIDE-BOOK ŚWIĘTOKRZYSKIE VOIVODESHIP This guide-book was prepared on the basis of materials submitted by municipalities, associations, local action groups and hosts. Publisher is not responsible for the content of entries and for any changes occurred after the deadline of materials publication. AGROTOURIST GUIDE-BOOK The Świętokrzyski Region – Energy Center Wondering how to spend your dream holidays? Missing you an idea, you are tired of the busy city and not want to spend a fortune? We have a splendid idea - holidays in the countryside in one of the agrotourism farms in the Świętokrzyskie voivodeship. Frequently we go to warm countries, to the mountains or at our sea. Meanwhile, in central Poland, we can find many tourist attractions and leisure facilities, which may interest everyone. Such a place where every visitor can find something for himself is Świętokrzyskie. You will find there about 350 tourist farms offering accommodation of varying standards. In such places you will feel like in another world. Smell of the country- side, landscapes, clean air and proximity to nature makes you rest perfect- ly and are gain vitality. Hosts will treat you to traditional dishes, prepared with products from their own products, provide a pleasant and peaceful stay by preparing a number of additional attractions. Fans of an active holiday will find endless bike paths, trails for horse riding, horse-drawn carriage or ski slopes. Here, the forests are rich in mushrooms and other undergrowth. Clean rivers and lakes invite you to relax actively or practise water sports. 2 ŚWIĘTOKRZYSKIE VOIVODESHIP Various tourist attractions and a great number of monuments are an extra incentive to stay in this region not only during the weekend but also for a longer time.