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Geologic Map GEOLOGIC INVESTIGATION SERIES I–2650 U.S. DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR Prepared for the ATLAS OF MARS: THAUMASIA REGION U.S. GEOLOGICAL SURVEY NATIONAL AERONAUTICS AND SPACE ADMINISTRATION SHEET 1 OF 3 85° 90° 80° 95° 75° VALLES NO. CRATERS LARGER CHANNEL-SYSTEM MARINERIS WESTERN VOLCANIC CIRCUM-ARGYRE CRATER THAN 2, 5, AND 16 KM Hr HNf AND PLATEAU AND HIGH-PLAINS ASSEMBLAGE SYSTEM INTEROR ASSEMBLAGE MATERIALS MATERIALS DIAMETER ° HNf 70 EOLIAN MATERIALS 100 ° DEPOSITS PER 1,000,000 KM2 THARSIS 2516 MONTES Hsu Hsl2 HNf FORMATION ° 65 Al 105 ° 40 or less HNf HNu Hsu HNr Avfs 50 c1 Avfs ° THAUMASIA 60 110 SINAI PLANUM Hr ° 60 Hsl1 cs 70 PLANUM HNr At5 Syria Planum Avfs HNf 80 c2 HNu 90 ° 55 AMAZONIAN 115 cs Avfs ° Hsu 13 Avfr 100 ° –15 –15 ° Nf Avfs Nb Nf HNr Npl Hf 2 cs Nplh At5 Hr Nfc Avfr 150 Hr c Hf 2 Npld 200 2 Hsl2 cs Hr Hf c d 1 Npld Nfd Hsl1 Npl Nfc Hsl2 2 HNr Nfc AHt3 Solis 300 50 Nb Nf Hsl AHt Nb 1 3 SYRIA Hsl1 Planum PLANUM ° d d –20 FORMATION –20 HNr ° 400 Daedalia Npl Nf 2 Hsu Nb 75 Hsl2 FRACTURED Hf 500 Nfd MATERIALS Hsl1 DISSECTED Hf AND ETCHED Hr c1 Nf Ht PLATEAU MATERIALS HIGH-PLAINS 600 100 Hsl2 HNt 2 Hf HNr Npl Ht1 SEQUENCE MATERIALS Planum Hpl3 2 Nf Hsl1 HNt 700 Nplh d Nf FLOW Hpld AND Hr HESPERIAN 800 Nfc Nf Hch CONSTRUCT c2 Nb Nf c Nfc 1 MATERIALS Hpl3 HNplt 900 150 d Npld Nf Hr Hpl3 cs Hsl1 HNt 1000 Hf HNt HNr HNcht Hsl1 d Nb c Ht2 Nb 1 HNpld HNr HNafs 1200 200 25 d Hr HNt Hpl HNf HNf HNt 3 Nb Npld –25 HNfc HNu ° Nf –25 HNt ° Nf c HNt Npld Hsl1 1 17A HNade HNf HNplt Npl2 Hf Nb Nb d HNf HNt 9A 300 75 Nfc Nf c Nfd Nplh c 1 3 Npl2 Nfd 1 Nplh AHt Nf HNf c 1 Hpl3 Nf Nfd Npld Nple 14 Nfd 10 Nb Nf Nb HNf c HNpld HNplt Nf 400 100 Nf 1 Hpl c1 cs 3 HNf c HNf 1 Npld HNpld Nfc c1 Nb HNf c 2 c Npl1 Nplh Hpl3 Nple Hpl 1 500 Ht2 c1 3 Nf d Hr NOACHIAN Npl2 Nfd Nf Hpl Nfd 3 600 150 Npl2 HNf Npld n c1 Nplh Nfc Nfd HNf Nplh HNf c a Nplh 2 Nfd Nfd Nak c2 l ° –30 –30 Npl ° 200 T 2 c1 cs HNcht h Hpld Nplh Hpl3 HNf Nf Nplh Nplh Hpl3 h cs Hpld Nah 3 c1 g Nplh 2 Hpl Nb Hpl3 Nb 2 Npl 250 Npl a HNf HNf Nb i Hpl3 Npld Nb Hpl Npl cs HNcht c 3 c u 1 Nfd 2 1 Nfd H HNf c Nfc m Nfd c 1 Hpl3 2 cs Nplh c1 Hpl c Nf 3 2 a Nb Nplh Hr HNf Nf Nf a s 19 Hpl 3 Hpl3 Npld Nb i c1 i c Nf HNfc Hpl 2 1 HNt Npld 3 Nah Npl HNf a Nf Npl more highly modified by fluvial and sapping processes and sediment deposition. Cuestas and Basin-rim unit—Material of Argyre basin rim. Rugged, hilly material that in part resembles hilly c1 c1 s Nb Hpl3 2 hog backs formed by differential erosion of tilted beds of warped and extended crust unit (unit Nplh) and basement complex (unit Nb). Unit not recognized by Scott and Tanaka c1 H Nfd a Npld Nf Npl1 Older fractured material—Similar to intermediate-age fractured material but more rugged, (1986). Interpretation: Materials uplifted by the Argyre impact event Nb 4 Hpld Npl2 i m faulted, and cratered; deformation has destroyed primary morphologic characteristics 2 Nfd g c CRATER MATERIALS Ht c Hpl 1 Npl Nb h Nf 1 3 u 1 Basement complex—Forms knobs, mesas, and broad areas of prominent relief similar to hilly ° –35 unit but characterized by highly complicated structure of undifferentiated material; dissected in [Impact craters are assigned relative ages on basis of morphologic appearance and superposition relations. With increasing –35 l ° a HNf a HNf Npl age, craters become progressively more degraded and subdued in appearance, and their ejecta deposits are discernible only c1 Nplh places; embayed and (or) partly buried by materials of several younger units of the plateau and c1 n Nplh 2 HNfc h Npld HNade high-plains assemblage and Syria Planum and Tharsis Montes Formations. Interpretation: near rim crest. On correlation of map units, overlaps are indicated between crater-age classes and time-stratigraphic bounda- Hpl3 Hpl3 d Nf HNf c 1 ries. Craters with rim crests mostly >50 km in diameter are mapped. Scott and Tanaka (1986) did not separate impact crater 7 Nb T Assemblage of undifferentiated rocks of many origins, which may include igneous and meta- 1 Hch Hpl3 materials into three separate units] Npl Nfd c1 cs morphic rock outcrops and impact breccia, comprising complicated tectonic structure Nfc Nb HNade c c1 HNr c Nplh 1 cs Smooth crater floor material—Forms smooth to moderately rough floors of most impact craters HNf 1 Dissected and etched materials—Dissected and etched materials include the eroded rock and Nb Nfd Nplh c1 Hpl that have continuous rims. Interpretation: Mainly eolian, mass-wasting, or fluvial deposits Nfc 3 superposed sediment deposited by the resurfacing agent because they generally cannot be map- Hpld cs Hpl HNfc 11 HNf c1 3 ped separately; their relative-age ranges reflect both materials. The origin and rock type of the largely of Amazonian age Nfd HNcht Hpl HNpld 3 eroded rock are only inferred in most instances because channels and furrows have modified c2 Material of fresh to subdued craters—Slightly to moderately eroded craters having continuous Nf Nf Nak HNf Hpl Npl Npld original surface characteristics rims and ejecta blankets that extend at least one crater diameter beyond rim crest; central peaks 3 1 cs Nb Hpld 12 c1 8A HNr Younger dissected material—Areas of relatively young smooth materials along parts of the or central pits in places. Superposed on member 1 of the Tharsis Montes Formation and smooth c1 HNf c1 southern margin of the Thaumasia plateau; dissected by small, sinuous valleys and valley net- unit, intermediate and older fractured materials, fractured and dissected material, older ridged Nfd Hpl c Ht1 3 2 works that trend downslope from the Thaumasia highlands and southern part of the Coprates plains material, and subdued cratered and cratered materials of the plateau and high-plains HNpld cs c Npl1 Nb 1 cs HNade rise toward low-lying regions. Type area: lat 34.5° S., long 71°. Unit not recognized by Scott assemblage c1 Npl Nak 1 ° –40 and Tanaka (1986). Interpretation: Relatively young, alluvial and colluvial deposits, which may c1 Material of degraded craters—Deeply eroded craters; rims commonly incomplete; central peaks –40 ° Ht1 c include older rock surfaces, modified by fluvial and sapping processes scarce. Often embayed by Upper Noachian and younger materials 2 Hpl cs cs Hpl3 Nfc cs 3 HNplt Troughed material—Moderately cratered, uneven surface dissected by numerous large troughs cs HNf HNf c1 HNf HNf Hpl3 Hpl along the southeastern margin of the Thaumasia plateau centered at lat 29.5° S., long 61.0°; Contact—Dashed where approximately located or gradational c 3 1 Hpl3 Npl Hpl Npl many troughs abruptly terminated on up-slope end at large grabens and depressions; marked in 1 3 Npl HNade 1 Npld 1 places by dissected wrinkle ridges. Unit not recognized by Scott and Tanaka (1986). Interpreta- Depression or caldera tion: Fluvial erosion and sapping of easily eroded volcanic (possibly pyroclastic) materials or d c Hpl3 cs Dome—Interpreted as ancient volcano or older crustal materia c1 1 cs c Npl1 c2 c1 1 rock outcrops of the plateau and high-plains assemblage, which may include intermediate dis- Npld c1 c Npl c1 1 Npl Hpl 2 sected material (unit HNpld), fractured and dissected material (unit Nfd), older fractured mate- Crater rim crest cs 1 HNf 3 Ht1 c Npl1 Npld rial (unit Nf), and basement complex (unit Nb); troughs enlarged by fluvial and eolian activity 1 c 1 Nak Hpl Lowell 3 Hpl Npld and mass wasting Crater central peak Npl2 HNade c Hpl3 Hpl 3 1 cs HNpld Intermediate dissected material—Similar to younger dissected material but more well-defined Hpl3 3 cs c1 Hpl3 Crater central pit c1 5A Nah drainage systems. Unit not recognized by Scott and Tanaka (1986). Interpretation: Fluvial ero- Hpl Nfd c1 1 sion and sapping of materials, which largely include fractured and dissected material (unit ), Npl Hpl3 c1 3 2 Center of figure HNade Npl older fractured material (unit Nf), and basement complex (unit Nb), and structures along parts of ° Npld HNf 1 –45 –45 Npl HNafs ° the southern margin of the Thaumasia plateau Hpl3 Npld 1 Npld Older dissected material—Similar in occurrence and appearance to subdued cratered and cra- Npld Hpl3 c2 Hpl c1 Npl2 3 cs tered units but more highly dissected by channels and troughs; also occurs in places on ancient Hpl3 HNcht c 1 85° 80 Nak impact crater rims and near older flow and construct materials. Interpretation: Origin same as 90° ° Npl1 Hpl3 ° 75 Npld that of subdued cratered and cratered units but more eroded by fluvial and sapping processes Npld 95 ° Npl 2 c Nple Etched material—Irregular surface furrowed by sinuous, curved to flat-bottomed grooves and 1 1 Npl Npld Nah Npld 100° 70° Al troughs exhibiting irregular scarp edges.
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