DOCSLIB.ORG

Color Atlas</Em> Aids in Identifying Fungal Species

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Color Atlas</Em> Aids in Identifying Fungal Species New Color Atlas aids in identifying fungal species October 2018—CAP Press released in October the Color Atlas of Mycology, by Gordon Love, MD, D(ABMM), and Julie Ribes, MD, PhD. Its 388 pages hold more than 800 tables and images, with identifications verified by DNA sequencing (for images post-2009). Here, in an exchange with CAP TODAY, Dr. Love explains how this atlas stands apart from others in the Color Atlas series and from others on the market. Dr. Love is chair of the Department of Pathology, Louisiana State University School of Medicine, and director of laboratories, University Medical Center, New Orleans. Can you explain the concept of a field guide based on proficiency testing and why this field guide is useful in evaluating PT? The Color Atlas of Mycology is based on proficiency testing results over a 16-year period in which fungal identification was guided by participant performance. The user-friendly presentations of images and text in the atlas show how to correctly identify as well as how to avoid misidentifying fungal challenges, whether proficiency testing or patient isolates. As an example, the use of Fonsecaea pedrosoi in FA-2002 resulted in an erroneous identification of Sporothrix schenckii by 47 participants. Both are dematiaceous (pigmented) molds that may form conidia along hyphae and conidiophores, but in the case of F. pedrosoi, elongated conidia may form asterisk formations (see image). Comparison of photographs make distinctions easier. This approach produced a mycology field guide that is uniquely suited to discuss the variations in fungal morphology that mycologists encounter in practice. The process of identifying PT specimens should be identical to that of identifying routine clinical specimens. This atlas provides insights into the CAP mycology PT process. An advantage involves knowledge of previous challenges. The CAP Microbiology Resource Committee maintains a stored set of fungi for PT use. This stored set contains a restricted number of fungi that have been vetted by sequencing, with additions occurring relatively infrequently. A PT participant can easily review the 16-year history of mycology PT in this atlas but should realize that a new fungus could have been added recently. When entertaining any particular fungal diagnosis, distractors, as identified by previous PT, should be eliminated, and this thought process should be equally applicable to PT and isolates from clinical specimens. From Fig. 96-3. Pattern of conidiation of Fonsecaea pedrosoi. Arrows indicate asterisk conidiation. Your atlas is different in a few ways from previous atlases in the Color Atlas series. How so? Most of the fungi, post-2008–2009, described in this Color Atlas of Mycology have been verified by DNA sequencing. This is in contrast to reliance on expert opinion and consensus as applied to morphology. Another way that the Color Atlas of Mycology differs from other Color Atlas titles is in the comprehensive use of PT data. All participant classifications for 16 years are reviewed. These identification decisions of PT participants defined the differential diagnoses. In the atlas, the adjacent comparisons of photographs of the correct and incorrect mold or yeast aid understanding. Other atlases in the Color Atlas series used photographs that had been distributed originally as PT challenges. The Color Atlas of Mycology is based on PT of organisms that live and then die and thus are unavailable for further study. Mycology PT examples after 2006 were documented by photographing the original challenges. For 2000–2006, the CAP did not keep microscopic photographs of challenges, but in some cases we were able to find photographs or glass slides in our personal collections. Some important molds such as Coccidioides species have never been distributed for PT due to dangers in handling. We filled the gaps with yeast and molds collected in our mycology practices in order to make the Color Atlas of Mycology comprehensive. Some photographs were obtained from the pictorial library of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, and others were used by permission. Dr. Love You write in the preface that the premise of this atlas is that morphologic identification will never become irrelevant even as diagnostic algorithms move to molecular or other nonmorphologic means. Can you elaborate? As MALDI-TOF fungal databases become more comprehensive, fungal diagnosis is becoming faster and more accurate. But there will always be cases in which the molds or yeast do not identify. It would be in these cases that morphologic evaluation will continue to be necessary, and this atlas will help with that. It likely will remain good laboratory practice to correlate mold morphology with an automated result. Can you describe the format of each section? Each fungus is described in a standard format so the reader can easily find needed information to compare one fungus to another. An “essential facts” section describes the major aspects of identification as well as medical significance and ecology. Photographs of colonial and microscopic morphology follow. A taxonomy section describes changes in classification that have been prompted by the advent of DNA sequencing. For instance, Penicillium marneffei is now classified as Talaromyces marneffei. The Color Atlas of Mycology uses parentheses to indicate new and obsolete classification, as in “Talaromyces marneffei (formerly Penicillium marneffei),” to make these changes easier to follow. PT results from 2000 to 2016 are illustrated with abundant photographs that compare incorrect identifications to the challenge fungus. A final disease section describes disease manifestations with photographs of tissue and cytology presentations. Periodic “A closer look at” sections go into detailed examination of varied topics, such as the recommendations for mycology laboratories to identify Candida auris. This atlas has useful information for the bench medical technologist as well as for pathologists and infectious disease practitioners. An example of the extensive histopathology discussions is a muriform body from a case of chromoblastomycosis caused by Fonsecaea pedrosoi (see image). From Fig. 87-3. Muriform body in chromoblasto-mycosis caused by Fonsecaea pedrosoi. Is there anything like this atlas on the market? The 111 fungi described in the atlas cover almost all fungi in the CAP Master Lists of fungi and yeast. The Master Lists are useful documents that the CAP has developed over years to contain the fungi most likely to be associated with disease or to be otherwise encountered in the laboratory, such as saprophytic fungi often seen as culture contaminants. While it is possible that fungi not represented in this atlas may infect profoundly immunosuppressed patients, this text should reflect the workload of most medical mycology laboratories. The approach of the Color Atlas of Mycology in using differential diagnoses constructed by mycologists represents a new and unique application of PT data that no other mycology text incorporates. The hundreds of color photographs help with understanding the differences between look-alike fungi to improve the practice of mycology. To order, go to cap.org, “Shop” tab, or call the CAP at 800-323-4040 option 1 (PUB226). CAP member price: $144; for others: $180. Ebook: $130 at ebooks.cap.org..
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Synthesis and Assembly of Fungal Melanin
    Appl Microbiol Biotechnol (2012) 93:931–940 DOI 10.1007/s00253-011-3777-2 MINI-REVIEW Synthesis and assembly of fungal melanin Helene C. Eisenman & Arturo Casadevall Received: 23 September 2011 /Revised: 17 November 2011 /Accepted: 20 November 2011 /Published online: 16 December 2011 # Springer-Verlag 2011 Abstract Melanin is a unique pigment with myriad Introduction functions that is found in all biological kingdoms. It is multifunctional, providing defense against environmental Many fungal species produce melanin, a biologically impor- stresses such as ultraviolet (UV) light, oxidizing agents tant pigment. Melanin is found throughout nature, often pro- and ionizing radiation. Melanin contributes to the ability viding a protective role such as from ultraviolet radiation. of fungi to survive in harsh environments. In addition, it Despite its importance and ubiquity, there are many funda- plays a role in fungal pathogenesis. Melanin is an mental questions unanswered regarding the pigment such as amorphous polymer that is produced by one of two the details of its chemical structure. This is due to the fact that synthetic pathways. Fungi may synthesize melanin from melanin is insoluble and, therefore, cannot be studied by endogenous substrate via a 1,8-dihydroxynaphthalene standard biochemical techniques. Melanin production by fun- (DHN) intermediate. Alternatively, some fungi produce gi contributes to the virulence of pathogens of humans as well melanin from L-3,4-dihydroxyphenylalanine (L-dopa). as those of food crops. The pigment enhances fungal resis- The detailed chemical structure of melanin is not tance to environmental damage as well. For example, known. However, microscopic studies show that it has radiation-resistant melanized fungi can survive harsh climates an overall granular structure.
    [Show full text]
  • Polyketides, Toxins and Pigments in Penicillium Marneffei
    Toxins 2015, 7, 4421-4436; doi:10.3390/toxins7114421 OPEN ACCESS toxins ISSN 2072-6651 www.mdpi.com/journal/toxins Review Polyketides, Toxins and Pigments in Penicillium marneffei Emily W. T. Tam 1, Chi-Ching Tsang 1, Susanna K. P. Lau 1,2,3,4,* and Patrick C. Y. Woo 1,2,3,4,* 1 Department of Microbiology, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong; E-Mails: [email protected] (E.W.T.T.); [email protected] (C.-C.T.) 2 State Key Laboratory of Emerging Infectious Diseases, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong 3 Research Centre of Infection and Immunology, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong 4 Carol Yu Centre for Infection, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong * Authors to whom correspondence should be addressed; E-Mails: [email protected] (S.K.P.L.); [email protected] (P.C.Y.W.); Tel.: +852-2255-4892 (S.K.P.L. & P.C.Y.W.); Fax: +852-2855-1241 (S.K.P.L. & P.C.Y.W.). Academic Editor: Jiujiang Yu Received: 18 September 2015 / Accepted: 22 October 2015 / Published: 30 October 2015 Abstract: Penicillium marneffei (synonym: Talaromyces marneffei) is the most important pathogenic thermally dimorphic fungus in China and Southeastern Asia. The HIV/AIDS pandemic, particularly in China and other Southeast Asian countries, has led to the emergence of P. marneffei infection as an important AIDS-defining condition. Recently, we published the genome sequence of P. marneffei. In the P. marneffei genome, 23 polyketide synthase genes and two polyketide synthase-non-ribosomal peptide synthase hybrid genes were identified.
    [Show full text]
  • Proteomic Analysis of the Secretions of Pseudallescheria Boydii, A
    ARTICLE pubs.acs.org/jpr Proteomic Analysis of the Secretions of Pseudallescheria boydii, a Human Fungal Pathogen with Unknown Genome Bianca Alc^antara da Silva,†,O Catia Lacerda Sodre,†,‡,O Ana Luiza Souza-Gonc-alves,† Ana Carolina Aor,† Lucimar Ferreira Kneipp,Δ Beatriz Bastos Fonseca,§ Sonia Rozental,§ Maria Teresa Villela Romanos,^ Mauro Sola-Penna,|| Jonas Perales,# Dario Eluan Kalume,‡ and Andre Luis Souza dos Santos*,†,Φ † Laboratorio de Estudos Integrados em Bioquímica Microbiana, Departamento de Microbiologia Geral, Instituto de Microbiologia Paulo de Goes (IMPPG), Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil ‡ Laboratorio Interdisciplinar de Pesquisas Medicas, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz (IOC), Fundac-~ao Oswaldo Cruz (FIOCRUZ), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil Δ Laboratorio de Taxonomia, Bioquímica e Bioprospecc-~ao de Fungos, IOC, FIOCRUZ, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil § Laboratorio de Biologia Celular de Fungos, Instituto de Biofísica Carlos Chagas Filho (IBCCF), UFRJ, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil ^ Laboratorio Experimental de Drogas Antivirais e Citotoxicas, Departamento de Virologia, IMPPG, UFRJ, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil Laborat) orio de Enzomologia e Controle do Metabolismo (LabECoM), Departamento de Farmacos, Faculdade de Farmacia, UFRJ, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil #Laboratorio de Toxinologia, IOC, FIOCRUZ, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil Φ Programa de Pos-Graduac-~ao em Bioquímica, Instituto de Química, UFRJ, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil ABSTRACT: Pseudallescheria boydii is a filamentous fungus that causes a wide array of infections that can affect practically all the organs of the human body. The treatment of pseudallescheriosis is difficult since P. boydii exhibits intrinsic resistance to the majority of antifungal drugs used in the clinic and the virulence attributes expressed by this fungus are unknown.
    [Show full text]
  • Diapositiva 1
    Tema IV Micología Médica Micosis subcutáneas y sistémicas Parte I Colectivo de autores Microbiología y Parasitología Objetivos • Histoplasma capsulatum, Cryptococcus neoformans, Hongos causantes de Cromomicosis. – Señalar las enfermedades que producen. – Describir las características generales. – Analizar la patogenia. – Describir el algoritmo de diagnóstico de laboratorio. • Sporothrix schenkii, Coccidioides immitis, Paracoccidioides brasiliensis, Blastomyces dermatitidis, Aspergillus, Mucor. – Señalar la enfermedad que producen. – Describir las características generales. Contenido Micosis Subcutáneas: Sporothrix schenkii Hongos causantes de Cromomicosis. Micosis Sistémicas: Histoplasma capsulatum Cryptococcus neoformans Coccidioides immitis Paracoccidioides brasiliensis Blastomyces dermatitidis Aspergillus Mucor. Bibliografía: Microbiología y Parasitología Médicas. Llop, Valdés-Dapena, Zuazo. Tomo I. Capítulo 46, 47, 49, 50, 51 y 52. Bibliografía complementaria. Jawetz y col. Microbiología médica, 14. Ed. 2006. A. Bonifaz. Micología médica básica. 1991. Micosis subcutáneas Micosis subcutáneas • Cromomicosis • Esporotricosis Patogenia Inoculación traumática del microorganismo Diseminación por Diseminación por contigüidad vía linfática Afectación de tejidos vecinos Evolución crónica Invalidés Micosis subcutáneas 1.Afectan piel, tejido celular subcutáneo, músculos y huesos. 2.Epidemiología: Vía de entrada: Traumatismo de piel. Agentes: Microorganismos saprófitos 3.Localización de las lesiones: Extremidades. 4.Cuadro: Defensa
    [Show full text]
  • Early Immune Response Against Fonsecaea Pedrosoi Requires
    PLOS NEGLECTED TROPICAL DISEASES RESEARCH ARTICLE Early immune response against Fonsecaea pedrosoi requires Dectin-2-mediated Th17 activity, whereas Th1 response, aided by Treg cells, is crucial for fungal clearance in later stage of experimental chromoblastomycosis 1 2 2 2 Isaque Medeiros Siqueira , Marcel WuÈ thrich , Mengyi LiID , Huafeng Wang , Lucas de Oliveira Las-Casas1, Raffael Ju nio Arau jo de Castro1, Bruce Klein2,3,4, Anamelia Lorenzetti Bocca 5* a1111111111 ID a1111111111 1 Molecular Pathology Post-Graduate Program, School of Medicine, University of BrasõÂlia, BrasõÂlia, Brazil, a1111111111 2 Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Madison, a1111111111 Wisconsin, United States of America, 3 Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine and Public a1111111111 Health, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Wisconsin, United States of America, 4 Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Wisconsin, United States of America, 5 Department of Cell Biology, Institute of Biological Sciences, University of BrasõÂlia, BrasõÂlia, Brazil * [email protected] OPEN ACCESS Citation: Siqueira IM, WuÈthrich M, Li M, Wang H, Las-Casas LdO, de Castro RJA, et al. (2020) Early Abstract immune response against Fonsecaea pedrosoi requires Dectin-2-mediated Th17 activity, whereas Chromoblastomycosis (CBM) is a chronic worldwide subcutaneous mycosis, caused by Th1 response, aided by Treg cells, is crucial for several dimorphic, pigmented dematiaceous fungi. It is difficult to treat patients with the dis- fungal clearance in later stage of experimental chromoblastomycosis. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 14(6): ease, mainly because of its recalcitrant nature. The correct activation of host immune e0008386.
    [Show full text]
  • Mlab 1331: Mycology Lecture Guide
    MLAB 1331: MYCOLOGY LECTURE GUIDE I. OVERVIEW OF MYCOLOGY A. Importance of mycology 1. Introduction Mycology - the study of fungi Fungi - molds and yeasts Molds - exhibit filamentous type of growth Yeasts - pasty or mucoid form of fungal growth 50,000 + valid species; some have more than one name due to minor variations in size, color, host relationship, or geographic distribution 2. General considerations Fungi stain gram positive, and require oxygen to survive Fungi are eukaryotic, containing a nucleus bound by a membrane, endoplasmic reticulum, and mitochondria. (Bacteria are prokaryotes and do not contain these structures.) Fungi are heterotrophic like animals and most bacteria; they require organic nutrients as a source of energy. (Plants are autotrophic.) Fungi are dependent upon enzymes systems to derive energy from organic substrates - saprophytes - live on dead organic matter - parasites - live on living organisms Fungi are essential in recycling of elements, especially carbon. 3. Role of fungi in the economy a. Industrial uses of fungi (1) Mushrooms (Class Basidiomycetes) Truffles (Class Ascomycetes) (2) Natural food supply for wild animals (3) Yeast as food supplement, supplies vitamins (4) Penicillium - ripens cheese, adds flavor - Roquefort, etc. (5) Fungi used to alter texture, improve flavor of natural and processed foods b. Fermentation (1) Fruit juices (ethyl alcohol) (2) Saccharomyces cerevisiae - brewer's and baker's yeast. (3) Fermentation of industrial alcohol, fats, proteins, acids, etc. Mycology.doc 1 of 25 c. Antibiotics First observed by Fleming; noted suppression of bacteria by a contaminating fungus of a culture plate. d. Plant pathology Most plant diseases are caused by fungi e.
    [Show full text]
  • SHORT COMMUNICATION Effect of Steroid Hormones on the in Vitro
    e B d io o c t i ê u t n i c t i s Revista Brasileira de Biociências a n s I Brazilian Journal of Biosciences U FRGS ISSN 1980-4849 (on-line) / 1679-2343 (print) SHORT COMMUNICATION Effect of steroid hormones on the in vitro antifungal activity of itraconazole on Fonsecaea pedrosoi Valeriano Antonio Corbellini1*, Maria Lúcia Scroferneker2,3, Mariana Carissimi4, Luciana Maria Konrad1 and Cheila Denise Ottonelli Stopiglia3,5 Received: June 16 2010 Received after revision: August 4 2010 Accepted: August 5 2010 Available online at http://www.ufrgs.br/seerbio/ojs/index.php/rbb/article/view/1622 ABSTRACT: (Effect of steroid hormones on the in vitro antifungal activity of itraconazole on Fonsecaea pedrosoi). The in vitro antifungal activity of itraconazole, combined with oestradiol, testosterone or progesterone, on the growth of Fonsecaea pedrosoi was evaluated. Fonsecaea pedrosoi was cultured in Sabouraud supplemented with dimethyl sulphoxide dilutions in β-oestradiol (0.04 μg/mL and 0.04 mg/mL), progesterone (0.06 μg/mL and 0.06 mg/mL) or testosterone (1.2 μg/mL and 1.2 mg/ mL) combined with 0.01 to 1 μg/mL of itraconazole. The sex steroid hormones did not modify the growth pattern of F. pedrosoi when they were in the presence itraconazole. The absence of synergistic or antagonistic activity of oestradiol, progesterone, testosterone and itraconazole on the growth of F. pedrosoi observed in this work does not rule out in vivo factors related to the development of the disease and to the success of an antifungal treatment. Key words: chromoblastomycosis, antifungal, oestradiol, progesterone, testosterone.
    [Show full text]
  • Treatment of Chromoblastomycosis Due to Fonsecaea Pedrosoi with Low-Dose Terbinafine Gina M
    Treatment of Chromoblastomycosis Due to Fonsecaea Pedrosoi with Low-Dose Terbinafine Gina M. Sevigny, MD, Gainesville, FL Francisco A. Ramos-Caro, MD, Gainesville, FL Chromoblastomycosis, or chromomycosis, is a chronic fungal infection of the skin and subcuta- neous tissues caused by a species of dematiaceous fungi. We present a patient with chromoblastomy- cosis due to Fonsecaea pedrosoi, who was treated with 8 months of terbinafine 250 mg by mouth daily with histologic and mycologic cure. Case Report A 58-year-old white male presented with a 12-year history of a slowly enlarging plaque of the right ven- tral wrist and forearm. This plaque was not pruritic or painful. The patient was retired but worked for many years picking and sorting oranges. He was oth- erwise healthy except for hypertension, for which he FIGURE 1. Psoriasiform plaque of 12 years’ duration. was taking benazapril and metoprolol. On physical examination, there was a large erythematous psori- asiform plaque with white scale on the right ventral wrist and forearm (Figure 1). Potassium hydroxide sion, which clinically appeared clear, revealed hyper- examination of the scale revealed several pigmented keratotic epidermis with pigmented septate spores. spores (Figure 2). A biopsy revealed a granulomatous Tissue sent for fungal culture did not grow any or- dermatitis with microabscess formation and scattered ganism. The patient was continued on terbinafine pigmented spores consistent with chromoblastomy- 250 mg by mouth every day for an additional 4 cosis. Tissue sent for fungal culture grew Fonsecaea months, at which time the lesion has totally resolved; pedrosoi. The patient was started on terbinafine 250 the histologic and mycologic studies were negative mg by mouth every day.
    [Show full text]
  • Pathology of Fungal Infection
    14/10/56 Pathology of Fungal Infection Julintorn Somran, MD. Growth form of fungi Filamentous or hyphae Yeasts 1 14/10/56 Dimorphic fungi • Presence of both filamentous forms and yeasts in their cycle – Histoplasma spp. • Hyphae at environmental temperatures and yeast form in the body – Candida spp. • Hyphae, pseudohyphae, and yeast form in the body Three types of fungal infection (Mycoses) 1. Superficial mycoses: – Skin, hair, and nails 2. Cutaneous and Subcutaneous mycoses: – deeper layer of skin 3. Systemic or deep mycoses: – internal organ involvement – Including opportunistic infection 2 14/10/56 Superficial mycoses Tinea (Ringworm) Ptyriasis versicolor Cutaneous and Subcutaneous mycoses Eumycotic mycetoma 3 14/10/56 Systemic or deep mycoses Mucormycosis or Zygomycosis Systemic or deep mycoses Pulmonary aspergilllosis 4 14/10/56 Host – Agent relationship Immunocompetent Nosocomial host infection Pathogenic agents Environment Organisms Host Infectious disease Impaired Defense mechanism Immunocompromise Opportunistic host infection Superficial mycoses Representative Causative Growth form disease organisms in Tissue Dermatophytosis Microsporum, Filamentous form Trichophyton, and Epidermophyton Pityriasis versicolor or Malassezia Yeast and filamentous skin infection via form malassezia Tinea nigra or Exophialia Filamentous form keratomycosis nigrican (Phaeoanellomyces) (pigmented) palmaris wernekii Onychomycosis Microsporum, Filamentous form Trichophyton, Epidermophyton etc. 5 14/10/56 DERMATOPHYTOSIS • Definition and Epidemiology: – Common superficial infection caused by fungi that able to invade keratinized tissue – stratum corneum, hair, and nails. – World wide in distribution – The source of infection – another person, animal or soil • Etiologic agents: – Microsporum, Trichophyton, and Epidermophyton – T rubrum – most common for tinea pedis and onychomycosis in temperate climate, and tinea cruris and tinea corporis in the tropics.
    [Show full text]
  • Secretion of Five Extracellular Enzymes by Strains of Chromoblastomycosis Agents
    Rev. Inst. Med. trop. S. Paulo 50(5):269-272, September-October, 2008 SECRETION OF FIVE EXTRACELLULAR ENZYMES BY STRAINS OF CHROMOBLASTOMYCOSIS AGENTS Thais Furtado de SOUZA(2), Maria Lúcia SCROFERNEKER(1,2), Juliana Mônica da COSTA(1), Mariana CARISSIMI(2) & Valeriano Antonio CORBELLINI(3) SUMMARY The gelatinase, urease, lipase, phospholipase and DNase activities of 11 chromoblastomycosis agents constituted by strains of Fonsecaea pedrosoi, F. compacta, Phialophora verrucosa, Cladosporium carrionii, Cladophialophora bantiana and Exophiala jeanselmei were analyzed and compared. All strains presented urease, gelatinase and lipase activity. Phospholipase activity was detected only on five of six strains of F. pedrosoi. DNase activity was not detected on the strains studied. Our results indicate that only phospholipase production, induced by egg yolk substrate, was useful for the differentiation of the taxonomically related species studied, based on their enzymatic profile. KEYWORDS: Chromoblastomycosis; Fonsecaea pedrosoi, Lipase; Phospholipase, DNAse; Urease; Gelatinase. INTRODUCTION MATERIALS AND METHODS Chromoblastomycosis is a subcutaneous fungal disease caused Storage and cultivation of strains: The strains of chromoblastomycosis by dematiaceous fungi being characteristic of tropical and subtropical agents Fonsecaea pedrosoi ATCC 46428, ATCC 46422, IMTSP areas18,23. The disease occurs mainly among male agricultural laborers and 49, IMTSP 674, IQE 444.62 (19)*, MA; F. compacta IMTSP. 373; primarily affects the lower limbs26,39. Infection begins with the traumatic Phialophora verrucosa FMC.2214 (8); Cladosporium carrionii IMTSP. implantation of conidia or hyphal fragments into subcutaneous tissues, 680; Cladophialophora bantianum 2907-78 (13); Exophiala jeanselmei producing initial lesions consisting of papules or nodules that become CROMO.HC8 (45) are patient isolates and were obtained from the verrucous12.
    [Show full text]
  • Chromoblastomycosis
    REVIEW crossm Chromoblastomycosis Flavio Queiroz-Telles,a Sybren de Hoog,b Daniel Wagner C. L. Santos,c Claudio Guedes Salgado,d Vania Aparecida Vicente,e Alexandro Bonifaz,f Emmanuel Roilides,g Liyan Xi,h Conceição de Maria Pedrozo e Silva Azevedo,i Moises Batista da Silva,j Zoe Dorothea Pana,g Arnaldo Lopes Colombo,k l Thomas J. Walsh Downloaded from Department of Public Health, Hospital de Clínicas, Federal University of Paraná, Curitiba, Paraná, Brazila; CBS- KNAW Fungal Biodiversity Centre, Utrecht, The Netherlandsb; Special Mycology Laboratory, Department of Medicine, Federal University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazilc; Dermato-Immunology Laboratory, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Pará, Marituba, Pará, Brazild; Microbiology, Parasitology and Pathology Graduation Program, Department of Basic Pathology, Federal University of Paraná, Curitiba, Paraná, Brazile; Dermatology Service and Mycology Department, Hospital General de México, Mexico City, Mexicof; Infectious Diseases Unit, 3rd Department of Pediatrics, Aristotle University School of Health Sciences and Hippokration General Hospital, Thessaloniki, Greeceg; Department of Dermatology, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat- h sen University, Guangzhou, China ; Department of Medicine, Federal University of Maranhão, Vila Bacanga, http://cmr.asm.org/ Maranhão, Brazili; Dermato-Immunology Laboratory, Institute of Biological Sciences, Pará Federal University, Marituba, Pará, Brazilj; Division of Infectious Diseases, Paulista Medical School, Federal University
    [Show full text]
  • Characterization of Scedosporium Apiospermum Glucosylceramides and Their Involvement in Fungal Development and Macrophage Functions
    Characterization of Scedosporium apiospermum Glucosylceramides and Their Involvement in Fungal Development and Macrophage Functions Rodrigo Rollin-Pinheiro"1, Livia Cristina Liporagi-Lopes"2, Jardel Vieira de Meirelles1, Lauro M. de Souza3, Eliana Barreto-Bergter1* 1 Departamento de Microbiologia Geral, Instituto de Microbiologia Professor Paulo de Go´es, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, 2 Departamento de Ana´lises Clı´nicas e Toxicolo´gicas, Faculdade de Farma´cia, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, 3 Departamento de Bioquı´mica e Biologia Molecular, Universidade Federal do Parana´, Curitiba, Parana´, Brazil Abstract Scedosporium apiospermum is an emerging fungal pathogen that causes both localized and disseminated infections in immunocompromised patients. Glucosylceramides (CMH, GlcCer) are the main neutral glycosphingolipids expressed in fungal cells. In this study, glucosylceramides (GlcCer) were extracted and purified in several chromatographic steps. Using high-performance thin layer chromatography (HPTLC) and electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (ESI-MS), N-29- hydroxyhexadecanoyl-1-b-D-glucopyranosyl-9-methyl-4,8-sphingadienine was identified as the main GlcCer in S. apiospermum. A monoclonal antibody (Mab) against this molecule was used for indirect immunofluorescence experiments, which revealed that this CMH is present on the surface of the mycelial and conidial forms of S. apiospermum. Treatment of S. apiospermum conidia with the Mab significantly reduced fungal growth. In addition, the Mab also enhanced the phagocytosis and killing of S. apiospermum by murine cells. In vitro assays were performed to evaluate the CMHs for their cytotoxic activities against the mammalian cell lines L.929 and RAW, and an inhibitory effect on cell proliferation was observed.
    [Show full text]