What is the order, suborder, genus, The Laboratory Dog and species of the domesticated dog? WLAM A. Carnivora, Caniformia, Canidae, Canis lupus May 15, 2020 B. Carnivora, Arctoidea, Canidae, Canis rufus C. Carnivora, Caniformia, Felidae, Canis latrans D. Carnivora, Caniformia, Canidae, Canis familiaris

Presented by Kyha Williams, DVM, DACLAM Assistant Director, Deputy Chief of Clinical Services, DLAR Duke University Medical Center Arctoidea is the superfamily Durham, NC Canis rufus is the red wolf, Canis lupus is the gray wolf, Canis latrans if the coyote

What is the most common breed of Which dogs are not bred specifically dog used in research (per the BB)? for use in research? A. Hound A. Purpose bred B. Golden Retriever B. Stray dogs from shelters C. Labrador Retriever C. Random source D. Beagle D. Conditioned dogs

Two categories for Purpose bred and Random source: Random include shelters, random that have been vaccinated in preparation for use in research are Conditioned (test for heartworm, vaccinate in preparation for research use) outdated given NIH mandate to use purpose bred dogs Number of dogs in research declining, 211,104 in 1979, 75,429 in 1997, 64,930 in 2010

Dealers that purchase the dogs from other Breeders who raise all animals on their premises individuals and then resell them to from a closed colony (suppliers of purpose bred research facilities are known as? dogs) are? • Class A licensees • Class A licensees • Class B licensees • Class B licensees • Class C licensees • Class C licensees • Class D licensees • Class D licensees

Class B‐Defined by USDA (CFR)‐AWA and AWR, Title 9, Chapter 1m Subchapter A, Class A‐Defined by USDA (CFR)‐AWA and AWR, Title 9, Chapter 1m Subpart A sections 1.1 and 2.1 definitions (pg 20) Subchapter A, sections 1.1 and 2.1 definitions (pg 20) Class A‐breeders that raise all animals on their premises from a closed colony Class C‐exhibitor‐business involves showing or displaying animals to No class C or D dealer the public

1 Which of the following is correct regarding space requirements according to the AWA for this dog that The formula measures 20 inches? Measure from the tip of the nose to the base A. 6.76 square feet of the tail B. 676 square inches (Length of the dog in in inches +6) x (length of C. 52 square feet the dog in inches +6) = required floor space in D. 4.69 square inches square inches/144=required floor space in square feet

AWA, section 3.6, pg. 61, Bonus: how much space is required for group housed dogs? At least 100 percent of the space for each dog Measure from the tip of the nose to the base of the tail (Length of the dog in in inches +6) x (length of the dog in inches +6) = required floor space in square inches/144=required floor space in square feet Watch units! Housing requirement differs for dogs because it is based on length rather than body weight

Fill in the blank… Fill in the blank…

• Most commercial dog diets are “closed • An “open formula” or “_____formula” diet formula” diets in which: provides more precise dietary control. – The labeled specific ______requirements – In these diets, the ingredients are______and for protein and fat and the ______values for the percentage of each ingredient is kept ash and fiber are met. ______from batch to batch. – These diets do not necessarily provide the ______composition of ingredients from batch to batch and varies depending on the ______of the

ingredients Fixed;specified;constant Minimum; maximum Identical;cost

Which type of diet provides for the Diets are generally safe for how long following strictest control of the ingredients? the manufacture date when stored at room temperature? • Purified • 30 days • Semi‐purified • 3 months • Irradiated • 6 months • Prescription diets • 9 months

Semi‐purified diets are formulated from the purified components:amino acids, lipids, carbs, vitamins, and minerals

2 Recommendations for feeding the appropriate All of the following are fat soluble amount of diet are determined by the dog’s? vitamins except? A. Basal metabolic rate A. Vitamin A B. Basal energy requirement B. Vitamin B12 C. Maintenance energy requirement C. Vitamin D D. Metabolic requirements D. Vitamin E

BMR and BER are the same‐refers to the amount of energy expended following sleep, A,D,E, and K 12‐18 hours after food consumption and during thermoneutral conditions Fat provides 3 major dietary functions: vitamins, palatability, MER‐amount of energy used by a moderately active adulst animal in a thermoneutral and essential (unsaturated) fatty acids environment, which in the dog is approx. 2 times the BER MER=2(30 weight in kg +70)‐see BB pg 398 for formula

Which of the following best describes Which of the following do dogs require? the estrous cycle of the female? A. Linolenic A. Polyestrous‐ non seasonal B. Arachidonic acid B. Polyestrous‐seasonal C. Linoleic C. Monoestrous‐ seasonal D. Eicosanoids D. Monoestrous‐ nonseasonal

Dogs have a unique requirement for polyunstaurated fatty acids and linoleic acid (omega 6) an essential fatty acid Estrus generally in Jan/Feb and July/August Fatty acids (especially omega 3) may alleviate allergy related dermatoses and hot (although this is highly variable) spots Behavior shown in photo‐canine flagging‐ Dogs can’t synthesize 10/22 amino acids in sufficient quantities and must be facilitates penetration included in the diet Day 1,3,5 of standing heat Deficiency may occur in dogs fed dry, low fat diets that are stored too long in dry, humid conditions

A vaginal cytology consists of exclusively Which of the following pituitary hormones is noncornified epithelial cells with neutrophils. responsible for spermatogenesis: This is most consistent with: A. Oxytocin A. Proestrus B. FSH B. Estrus C. LH C. Diestrus D. ACTH D. Anestrus Proestrus‐intermediate and superficial cells, RBCs, neutrophils; later superficial cells, anuclear squames and RBCs Estrus‐more than 50% intermediate cells, superficial, with or without RBCs Diestrus‐more than 50% intermedical, super, squames early, non cornified LH‐stimulates testosterone, male puberty 5‐12 Anestrus‐Small numbers of parabasal cells, months intermedicate, with or without neutrophils

3 What type of placentation does the dog have? What is the gestation length of the dog?

A. 30‐33 d A. Epitheliochorial, zonary, deciduate B. 59‐63d B. Endotheliochorial, zonary, deciduate C. 150‐155d C. Labyrinthine hemomonochorionic D. 270‐280d D. Epitheliochorial & cotyledonary

BB, p. 519 Endothelium of the uerine vessels lies adjacent to the fetal chorion mesenchymal, and endothelial tieeues so that maternal and fetal blood are spearated by 4 layers Placenta villa are arranged in a belt and that maernal deciduate cells are shed with fetal placentas at parturition

Which of the following accessory sex glands do What is the length of spermatogenesis in dogs? male dogs have? A. Prostate gland & seminal vesicles A. 15d B. Prostate gland & bulbourethral glands B. 30d C. Ampullary glands & seminal vesicles C. 45d D. Ampullary glands & prostate gland D. 60d

Positive correlations with testicular size as measured by scrotal circumference and the number of sperm produced. Good indicator of No seminal vesicles or bulbourethral glands normal fertility of make dogs is 5ml ejaculate/approx 500million Erection is parasympathetic and ejaculation is sympathetic progressively motile sperm without significant abnormal morphology

When do puppies eyes open? When do puppies ears open?

A. 3d A. 5‐7d B. 6d B. 7‐12d C. 9d C. 12‐20d D. 12d D. 21‐28d

4 Ultrasound and radiography can be used to One of the most sensitive indicators of confirm pregnancy at ____ and ____ days of impending parturition is: gestation respectively. A. A rise in core body temperature A. 28, 42 B. Increased food consumption B. 32, 45 C. A decrease in core body temperature C. 21, 37 D. Marked inactivity D. 15, 22

Name the phenomenon associated with a Pseudopregnancy is the result of: release in oxytocin as the result of the fetal puppy stimulating the cervix of the female. A. A rise in estrogen A. Johnson reflex B. A rise in progesterone B. Williamson reflex C. A decline in estrogen C. Ferguson reflex D. A decline in progesterone D. Mapleton reflex

According to the AWA, how often must the exercise exemption be reviewed for this dog? Who should review it? Infectious Diseases

A. Quarterly, the IACUC • Canine Infectious • Canine Parvovirus B. Every 30 days, the Attending Veterinarian Respiratory Disease • Rabies (Kennel Cough Complex • C. Every 30 days, the IACUC and Infectious Protozoa Tracheobronchitis) • Nematodes D. Annually, the Attending Veterinarian • Group C Streptococcus • Cestodes Infection • Mites (Demodex, Scabies) • Leptospirosis • Ticks and Fleas • Campylobacteriosis • Superficial • Helicobacteriosis Dermatophytosis (Ringworm)

Section 3.8, pg 63

5 What are the two most common clinical isolates A dog that presented with sudden onset of coughing, dyspnea, fever, and hematemesis and has “bull’s eye” lesions on the of Canine infectious respiratory disease? pleural surface noted on necropsy. What is the diagnosis? A. Canine parainfluenza virus (CPIV) A. Klebsiella pneumonia

B. Canine adenovirus type 2 (CAV‐2) B. Pasteurella multocida

C. Canine influenza virus C. Mycoplasma

D. Streptococcus equi ssp. Zooepidemicus D. Bordatella brochiseptica (Group C Step)

A dog presents with vomiting, diarrhea, pica, and polyphagia and Which of the following non‐enveloped, single‐stranded was diagnosed with Helicobacter spp. Surgical biopsy was obtained. What stain increases the sensitivity for DNA viruses causes acute enteritis, vomiting, histopathologic diagnosis? depression, and lethargy particularly in puppies? A. New methylene blue A. Salmonella

B. Giemsa stain B. Canine parvovirus strain‐2 (CPV‐2)

C. Warthin‐Starry silver stain C. Alphacoronavirus 1

D. Oil Red O D. Clostridium perfringens

On histopathology, a dog that presented with paralysis and According to the Blue book, what is ascending ataxia demonstrated Negri bodies on the hippocampal cells. This dog was infected with a virus from which family? the most common hookworm in dogs? A. Reoviridae A. Toxocara canis

B. Flaviviridae B. Ancylostoma caninum

C. Rhabdoviridae C. Diplydium caninum

D. Caliciviridae Reoviruses‐insects/plants; flavi‐dengue virus, D. Trichuris vulpis hep C, Zika; Calici‐murine norovirus, rabbit hemorrhagic virus, feline calicivirus

6 The most common flea that infects Metabolic and Nutritional Diseases dogs is which of the following? A. Ctenocephalides felis felis • Hypothyroidism • Obesity • Cat flea (most common in dog) B. Xenopsylla cheopis • Oreintal rat flea C. Pulex irritans • Human (and pig) D. Spilopsyllus cuniculi • Rabbit flea

Obesity by blue book definition is 20‐25 % over the ideal

Traumatic disorders and Neoplastic and other miscellaneous conditions Iatrogenic diseases • Traumatic wounds • Implant and catheter • Lymphomas • Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia (BPH) • Pressure sores infection • Mast cell tumors • Juvenile Polyarthritis • Sepsis • Canine transmissible • Acral lick granuloma venereal tumors Syndrome • Elbow hygroma • Aspiration lung injury • Mammary Gland tumors • Interdigital Cysts • Corneal ulcers • Burn wounds • Congenital disorders • Hyperplasia of the gland – Thermal – Brachyury of the nictitating membrane “Cherry eye” – Chemical – Spina bifida – Radiation – Cleft palate – Cataracts – Cryptorchidism

Types of wounds BB p. 533

Neoplastic proliferations of cells derived from CD34+ bone marrow progenitor cells cause which most Canine Models commonly observed skin tumor of the dog? A. Lymphoma

B. Transmissable Venereal Tumors

C. Mast Cell Tumors

D. Mammary gland tumors

7 Which of the following is correct? Which of the following is the most common canine model for Wilson’s disease? A. Gray collies‐ Duchenne muscular dystrophy A. English Springer Spaniel B. Kerry Blue terriers‐ cyclic hematopoiesis B. Samoyed C. Doberman pinschers‐ von Willebrand’s C. Fox Terrier disease D. Bedlington Terrier D. Golden retrievers‐ Wilson’s disease What is Wilson’s disease‐copper storage/toxicosis (how inherited?‐autosomal recessive) Other models‐White perch‐Meriones americana, rat‐Long Evans cinnamon, Dorcet sheep Rubeanic acid‐copper English Springer ‐Ehlers Danlos syndrome Samoyed‐Hereditary nephritis Fox Terrier‐Cholersterol Ester Storage Disease (Wolman’s Disease)

Globoid cell leukodystrophy has been reported in Duchenne muscular dystrophy (dystrophin which of the following breeds? deficiency) is associated with which of the following? A. German shepherds A. Labrador retrievers B. Basenji‐Greyhound cross B. Golden retrievers C. West highland white terrier C. English Springer spaniels D. Basenji‐Spaniel cross D. Brittany spaniels

German Shepard‐SIDS Basenji‐greyhound cross‐Asthma Basenji‐spaniel cross‐Food allergy

Limb girdle muscular dystrophy (type II fiber deficiency) is associated with which of the Hemophilia A has been found in which of the following? following breeds? A. Labrador retrievers A. Cairn Terrier/beagle cross B. Golden retrievers B. German shepherd C. English Springer spaniels C. Alaskan malamute D. Brittany spaniels D. Irish setter

Cairn/beagle‐Hemophilia B Brittany spaniel‐C3 Deficiency, ALS (Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis) German shepherd‐SIDS Malamute‐Achondroplasia (dwarf), hemolytic anemia, hereditary stomatocytosis

8 GM2 Ganliosidosis has been reported in which of the Von willebrand’s disease has been reported in all following breeds? but which of the following? A. Golden retrievers A. Weimaraner B. Labrador retrievers B. Miniature schnauzer C. Alaskan malamute C. Scottish terriers D. German shorthair pointer D. Doberman pinschers

MD –see previous slides Weimaraner is the model for Spinal Dysraphism‐incomplete closure of the primary neural Malamute‐see previous slide tube or syringomyelia‐spinal cord and associated cavities filled with fluid. Mutant gene

Pyruvate kinase deficiency is associated with which 2 Early onset‐ insulin dependent diabetes mellitus breeds? has been reported in which of the following?

A. Basenji & beagle A. Curly coated retriever B. Beagle & poodle B. Malteagle/hound cross C. Labradors & poodle C. Keeshond D. Basenji & Brittany spaniel D. Bedlington terriers

See previous slides for others PK deficiency‐exercise intolerance, retarded growth, pale mucous membranes, tachycardia, Type II anemia (fibrosis Curly coated retriever‐GSDIII and sclerosis in dogs not humans) Malteagle/hound‐GSDIa Poodle mixed breeds‐autosomal dominant trait‐ Already discussed others hereditary lymphedema (Milroy’s disease)‐hypoplastic lymph nodes, primarily hind limb

Which of the following is a model of primary open Fuscoidosis & phosphofructokinase deficiency angle glaucoma? have been reported in which of the following? A. Brittany spaniel A. Miniature schnauzers B. English Springer spaniel B. Keeshond C. Wheaton terrier C. Beagles D. Fox terrier D. Boxers

Schnauzers‐struvite crystals Neurovisceral storage disease, males infertile, Keeshound‐Type I DM females poor mothers Boxers‐Skeletal osteosarcoma

9 Which of the following can be used to induce gingival Which of the following is a model of hereditary hyperplasia in beagles? nephritis? A. Imminodipropionitrile A. Collies B. Oxodipine B. Shetland sheep dogs C. Methacholine C. Samoyeds D. Histamine D. Coonhounds

Calcium channel blocker‐90 days‐known side Collies and Shelties‐Dermatomyositis‐increased IgG, vesicles, pustules, ulcers of the effect of humans on this therapy lips, ears, tip of tail, over bony protruberances Coonhound‐Guillain‐Barre Syndrome‐idiopathic polyneuritis (Coonhound paralysis)

Acknowledgements Some of the information included in this talk was prepared using archived board study materials, special thanks to all contributors

I would also like to thank Google images for all pictures no copyright infringement intended 

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