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Management report to Council Agenda item 6.3
Tunnerminnerwait and Maulboyheenner Council
Presenter: Ian Hicks, Manager Community Strengthening 17 December 2013
Purpose and background
1. In 2009, the City of Melbourne commissioned Stage 1 of the Indigenous Heritage Study (IHS), a deliverable of the Indigenous Framework 2007-10. Stage 1 of the IHS was completed in December 2010 and referenced the story of Tunnerminnerwait and Maulboyheenner (T&M) and the events surrounding their deaths as an important event (place) for Melbourne (with reference to Old Melbourne Goal).
2. In August 2012, the Indigenous Heritage Action Plan (IHAP) was endorsed by Council. The IHAP outlined a number of actions to document places of importance and investigate ways in which Council could support recognition of those places, objects and stories of importance to Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander communities. The acknowledgement of T&M through a memorial or marker was one of the actions identified in the IHAP.
3. In 2012-13 Council adopted as an Action and Initiative (A&I) to ‘investigate the memorialisation of Tunnerminnerwait and Maulboyheenner and other known places of Aboriginal heritage significance’.
4. On 20 January each year a community commemoration is held at Bowens Lane, Melbourne to remember the events related to T&M. This land is owned by Royal Melbourne Institute of Technology (RMIT). Key issues
5. In accordance with Aboriginal cultural protocols, a working group was established in 2012 that included Traditional Owners and Aboriginal academics. A researcher was appointed to investigate and develop a comprehensive heritage literature study of the T&M event, with a view to reaching an agreed understanding surrounding the events and lives of T&M. The researcher’s investigations include (but are not limited to) research into any known descendants of the two men and consultation with community stakeholders.
6. In September 2013, the final draft of the research paper (Attachment 2) was agreed by the working group. This paper is intended to become the key reference document for any further consultation or decision making processes related to the potential recognition of the events related to T&M.
7. The research paper summarises the findings of the working group with regard to commemoration and/or memorialisation. The working group, considered the forms that a ‘monument’ to such a history may take and unanimously agreed on a conceptual framework for commemoration suitable for a history of this nature, complexity and gravity. The research paper, in summary, notes that there are many possibilities for a ‘living’ event. These include commissioning a play, developing walking tours, annual talks or Melbourne Conversations, providing a workshop or open studio for members of the public to create their own monument to the histories concerned, and web-based forms. The adoption of more than one element for a public commemoration, including on-going opportunities for interpretation, has the advantage of addressing the problem that for histories of great complexity and significance, a single monument will not suffice.
Recommendation from management
8. That Council:
9.1 acknowledges the research paper in regard to Tunnerminnerwait and Maulboyheenner and endorses it for publication on behalf of the City of Melbourne
9.2 agrees to mark the events surrounding the lives of Tunnerminnerwait and Maulboyheenner with a permanent marker outside the Old Melbourne Gaol noting this would require agreement with the Old Melbourne Gaol
9.3 RMIT considers whether it wishes to support any other ‘living’ event to mark the history surrounding the lives of Tunnerminnerwait and Maulboyheenner. Attachments: 1. Supporting Attachment 2. Research paper
Page 2 of 49 Attachment 1 Agenda item 6.3 Council 17 December 2013
Supporting Attachment
Legal
1. There are no legal issues arising from management’s recommendations.
Finance
2. There are no financial implications related to the recommendations contained in this report. Any cost implication arising from the recommendation would be considered as part of any future budget process.
Conflict of interest
3. No member of Council staff, or other person engaged under a contract, involved in advising on or preparing this report has declared a direct or indirect interest in relation to the matter of the report.
Stakeholder consultation
4. Working Group Members: Clare Land (consultant/researcher); Alix Hill (National Trust) Genevieve Grieves (Aboriginal Oral Historian and Senior curator at Bunjilaka, Melbourne Museum); Tony Birch (Aboriginal historian and writer, University of Melbourne); Caroline Briggs (Boon Wurrung Foundation); Eddie Butler-Bowden (CoM); and Jeanette Vaha’akolo (CoM).
5. Consistent with cultural protocols and given the Tasmanian origins of Tunnerminnerwait and Maulboyheenner, consultation with Tasmanian Aboriginal stakeholder groups has also been undertaken and the responses of the groups that contributed are outlined below.
Tasmanian Stakeholder Discussions / Outcome Meeting with Tony (Tasmanian Discuss use of Thomas Bock images within report – images Museum and Art Gallery) have been approved for use by Museum Aboriginal Advisory Group Tony provided advice on the use of “correct names” – “timmy” and “pevay” – advised that as historically the men have been referred to Tunnerminnerwait and Maulboyheenner, this should remain as is in the report – but not correct names for Aboriginal protocols. Seek advice re permission to use Victorian State Library image – Tony will table image at next meeting with Museum Aboriginal Advisory Group and write back re outcome. Visit with Elder Aunty Patsy This was an all day visit in which Aunty Patsy provided detailed Cameron (Tasmanian Aboriginal oral history on the Aboriginal people who were brought to Corporation & melythina tiakana Melbourne with A Robinson, and what was known of their fate. warana Aboriginal Corporation) We were taken through Maulboyheenner country and its sea edge which allowed us to see the Flinders Island where Aboriginal people were rounded up and taken to until their removal to Oyster Cove. Aunty Patsy said that her organisation would love to be Tasmanian Patrons in supporting project. She and others would be interested to attend the anniversary in January 2014.
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Visit with Robert Anders (melythina Stephen as President of the committee will write an email in tiakana warana Aboriginal support of the research report and use of its images containing Corporation) Aboriginal people. Finalise with Clare Land details of map – note additional places of importance. Made reference to the use of lower case in Aboriginal Tasmanian languages. Visit with Aunty Gloria Andrews Aunty Gloria is in support of the report and excited that (melythina tiakana warana Tunnerminnerwait and Maulboyheenner’s story will be told. She Aboriginal Corporation) is eager to be involved in the project and sharing the information within her family and networks.
6. Consultation has also been undertaken with Elders of the Wurundjeri Tribal Land Council who have been provided the research paper and provided permission for use of a specific image within the document.
Relation to Council policy
7. The recommendations in this report are consistent with Council’s Reconciliation Action Plan 2011-14 and Indigenous Heritage Action Plan 2012-14.
Environmental sustainability
8. In developing this proposal there are no environmental sustainability issues or opportunities to be addressed.
2
Page 4 of 49 A ProjectProjec on their Historical SignificanceSig ~ and Forms for MonumentsMo to DRAFTComplexmp Histories by Clare Land
Attachment 2 Agenda item 6.3 Council 17 December 2013 TUNNERMINNERWAIT & MAULBOYHEENNER
DM 8259529 1 of 46 Page 5 of 49
Contents
Tunnerminnerwait and Maulboyheenner 4 Note from the Author 8
PART I Detail of Historical Significance t$SJNFBOE1VOJTINFOU t#JHHFS-FHBM2VFTUJPOT t"CPSJHJOBM1FPQMFGSPN7BO%JFNBOT-BOE in Port Phillip
t5IF,JMMJOHPGUIF8IBMFST t8FANFBOUUPIBWFTIPU8BUTPO t$POøJDUCFUXFFO"CPSJHJOBMQFPQMFBOE Men of the Sea
t5SVHBOJOJT*OWPMWFNFOU
t-JOLTCFUXFFODPMPOJTBUJPOPG1PSU1IJMMJQ BOE7BO%JFNFOT-BOE
Conclusion
PART II Forms for Monuments to Complex Histories t5IF3FJOWFOUJPOPG.POVNFOUT t&YBNQMFTPG.POVNFOUTUPSFMBUFE)JTUPSJFT t.POVNFOUTBOE3JUVBMT
Conclusion
APPENDIX 1 "CPSJHJOBMQFPQMFGSPN7BO%JFNFOT-BOECSPVHIUUP 1PSU1IJMMJQCZ3PCJOTPO BOEUIPTFXIPSFUVSOFE
APPENDIX 2 -JTUPGXIBMFSTJOUIFQBSUZGSPN-BEZT#BZ
Sources consulted Acknowledgments 44
DM 8259529 2 of 46 Page 6 of 49
TUNNERMINNERWAIT & MAULBOYHEENNER Historical Significance ~ and Forms for Monuments to Complex Histories
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TUNNERMINNERWAIT AND MAULBOYHEENNER
O POMZTFWFOZFBSTBGUFSUIF colonial occupation of the Port *1IJMMJQ%JTUSJDUCFHBO UXP "CPSJHJOBMNFOGSPN7BO%JFNFOT -BOE 5BTNBOJB XFSFDPOWJDUFEPG UIFNVSEFSPGUXPXIBMFIVOUFSTJO UIF8FTUFSO1PSUBSFB0O+BOVBSZ UIFZCFDBNFUIFöSTUQFPQMF Overall, to learn about IBOHFEJO.FMCPVSOF Tunnerminnerwait and Maulboyheenner is to learn 5IFSFBSFNBOZFWFOUTBOETUPSJFT one of the most important stories connected to the hanging of these of early Melbourne. UXPNFO 5VOOFSNJOOFSXBJUBOE .BVMCPZIFFOOFS'JSTUMZ UIFNFOT This booklet explains why this is TUPSJFTBSFWFSZJNQPSUBOUJOUIFJS one of early Melbourne’s most PXOSJHIU5IFTUPSJFTPGUIFXPNFO important stories. Further, it XIPXFSFUSJFEXJUIUIFN 5SVHBOJOJ includes a discussion of 1MBOPCFFOBBOE1ZUFSSVOFS BSFBMTP appropriate forms for monuments JNQPSUBOUJOUIFJSPXOSJHIU or public commemorations of histories that like this one are 'VSUIFS XIFOQMBDFEJOUIFJSGVMM complex and, in important ways, DPOUFYU UIFTUPSJFTPGUIFTFöWF unfinished. "CPSJHJOBMQFPQMFGSPN5BTNBOJBBSF WFSZTJHOJöDBOUUPQBTU QSFTFOUBOE future understandings of Melbourne BOE7JDUPSJB
5IFZBSFBMTPBXJOEPX into the full complexity of the DPMPOJBMIJTUPSZPG5BTNBOJB
DM 8259529 4 of 46 DM 8259529 Kangaroo Is New South Loddon or North-Western Wales District Goulburn District Twofold South Victoria ! Bay Australia Melbourne or Geelong or Western District Melbourne Westernport District ! Port Phillip Bay ! Dandenong
Port Fairy ! ! ! Sullivans Bay See Inset 'A' Portland ! ! Westernport ! Lady's Bay (Refuge Cove) Wilson's Promontory Inset Map 'A' Page Anderson Inlet
King Is 8 Wybalenna ! Flinders Is ! Bass Strait of Cape ! Paterson Tarwin 49 Venus Bay Cape Barren Is
Cape Grim
± Robbins Is 020Km parperloihener Launceston ! leetermairemener
Tasmania Key Places and Regions
Coastal and Ocean Areas ! Areas within Port Phillip District (Victoria) Hobart Oyster Cove ! Areas within Van Diemen's Land (Tasmania) 5 of46 Bruny Is
Base data © Commonwealth of Australia (Geoscience Australia) 2003 02± 00Km © Robert J Anders 2013 Page 9 of 49
Tunnerminnerwait
Tunnaminnerwate (aka Jack) 5IPNBT#PDL %SBXJOH HSBQIJUFBOEXBUFSDPMPVS ª5SVTUFFTPGUIF#SJUJTI.VTFVN
Planobeena
Wortabowigee (aka Fanny) 5IPNBT#PDL %SBXJOH XBUFSDPMPVS %FQJDUFEJT8PSUBCPXJHFF BLB'BOOZ
Maulboyheenner
Maulboyheenner (aka Timmy), 5IPNBT#PDL %SBXJOH XBUFSDPMPVS ª5SVTUFFTPGUIF#SJUJTI.VTFVN
Truganini
Trugernanner (aka Truggernana or Truganini), 5IPNBT#PDL %SBXJOH HSBQIJUFBOEXBUFSDPMPVS ª5SVTUFFTPGUIF#SJUJTI.VTFVN DM 8259529 7 of 46 Page 11 of 49
NOTE FROM THE AUTHOR
The fact that the five embarked on IFSFTFBSDIVOEFSUBLFOGPS their expedition immediately after UIJTCPPLMFUIBTSFWFBMFEBO Tunnerminnerwait returned from a 5 BQQBSFOUMZOFXFMFNFOUJOUIF journey of several months with George DPNQMFYBOTXFSUPUIFDFOUSBMNZTUFSZ Augustus Robinson witnessing testimony PGUIFDBTFPG5VOOFSNJOOFSXBJUBOE about violence in the Western District .BVMCPZIFFOOFSXIZEJEUIFHSPVQ also appears highly significant. Robinson, PGGJWFFNCBSLPOUIFJSGBUFGVMKPVSOFZ accompanied and assisted by JOUP8FTUFSO1PSU Tunnerminnerwait, investigated the Convincing Ground massacre during this 4FWFSBMIJTUPSJBOTIBWFBEESFTTFEUIJT journey, in which between 60 and 200 RVFTUJPO'PSJOTUBODF $PYDPODMVEFE members of a Gunditjmara clan were that the group decided to launch killed by whale-hunters at Portland Bay. ANBZIFNBHBJOTUXIJUFT&MMJTTVHHFTUT that their apparent decision to abscond There may not have been consensus GSPN.FMCPVSOFSFøFDUFEUIFJS amongst the group; each person may EJTFODIBOUNFOUXJUIUIFJSA1SPUFDUPS have had a range of reasons for setting (FPSHF"VHVTUVT3PCJOTPO out on the journey to Dandenong and on to Western Port. A story in the community that they may IBWFCFFOTFFLJOHSFWFOHFBHBJOTUNFO The motive or motives of the five XIPXFSFLOPXOUPIBWFBCEVDUFE members of the group that set out to "CPSJHJOBMXPNFOIPMETXFJHIU JOQBSU Western Port—Tunnerminnerwait and EVFUPJUTQFSTJTUFODF4UFWFOTöOETFWJ Planobeena, Maulboyheenner, EFODFUIBUUIFZNBZIBWFCFFOBUUFNQU Truganini, and Pyterruner—may, in fact, ing to forge an independent existence never be known. The importance and BXBZGSPN.FMCPVSOF specific detail of Tunnerminnerwait’s experiences in the Western District for the 4UFWFOTBMTPTVHHFTUT DPOWJOJOHMZ UIBU later actions of the group in Western Port UIFSFXFSFNBOZHPPESFBTPOTGPSUIF deserves more detailed research. HSPVQUPMFBWF.FMCPVSne and to burn TFUUMFSTIVUTBOEUBLFVQBSNT Finally, the element that has not attracted attention until now is the involvement of a sixth person, Pyterruner’s husband, Probelattener.
DM 8259529 8 of 46 Page 12 of 49
? Pyterruner A.BZUFQVFNJOOFS<1ZUFSSVOFS> PGXIPNMJUUMFJTLOPXO DPOTUBOUMZSFTJTUTIJTUPSJBOT PXJOHUPIFSMPXWJTJCJMJUZJOUIFSFDPSE 4UFWFOT
Probelattener
Probelatter (aka Jemmy or Problatena) 5IPNBT#PDL %SBXJOH HSBQIJUFBOEXBUFSDPMPVS ª5SVTUFFTPGUIF#SJUJTI.VTFVN DM 8259529 9 of 46 Page 13 of 49 Detail of Historical Signifcance Crime and Punishment EARLY PUBLIC HANGINGS IN MELBOURNE VOOFSNJOOFSXBJUBOE image permission pending .BVMCPZIFFOOFSXFSFUIF 5öSTUQFPQMFUPCFIBOHFE CZUIF(PWFSONFOUJOUIF%JTUSJDU PG1PSU1IJMMJQ JO"UPUBMPG TJYQFPQMFXFSFIBOHFEUIBUZFBS including one other Aboriginal QFSTPO5IFUISFFOPO"CPSJHJOBM QFPQMFUPIBOHJOIBE Above: The first execution,8JMCSBIBN'SFEFSJDL&WFMZO-JBSEFU<> CFFODIBSHFEXJUICVTISBOHJOH %SBXJOHXBUFSDPMPS QFODJM QFOBOEJOL4UBUF-JCSBSZPG7JDUPSJB $IBSMFT&MMJT .BSUJO'PHBSUZBOE details such as their clothing are %BOJFM+FQQTXFSFBMMIBOHFE .BVMCPZOFFOOFSTFYFDVUJPO UPHFUIFSJO+VOF OPUTUSJDUMZBDDVSBUFXIFODPN JOBQBQFSSFBECFGPSFUIF3PZBM QBSFEUPUIFBWBJMBCMFXSJUUFO )JTUPSJDBM4PDJFUZPG7JDUPSJBJO *OMBUFSZFBST PODFUIF SFDPSET 1BSUTPGUIFJSTUPSZIBWFBMTP CFFOSFJOUFSQSFUFEJOBUMFBTUUXP AFOPSNPVTHSFZHBPMPO Mudrooroo’s Doctor 3VTTFMM4U 0ME.FMCPVSOF(BPM /FWFSUIFMFTT UIFJNBHFJT OPWFMT FWPDBUJWFPGUIFUJNFBOEUIFGBDU Wooreddy’s prescription for IBECFFODPNQMFUFE FYFDVUJPOT enduring the ending of the world XFSFDPOEVDUFEJOTJEFUIFXBMMT UIBUJUXBTESBXOJOTIPXT UIBUUIFFWFOUXBTMPPLFECBDL BOE3PCFSU%SFXFTThe PGUIFHBPM BMUIPVHITNBMMFS Savage Crows DSPXETPGUIFQVCMJDXFSF VQPOBTOPUFXPSUIZ5IPNBT 0$BMMBHIBO BGPSNFS$IJFG BENJUUFEUPXBUDIUIFTF"TUIF Commissioner of Police and POMZKVEJDJBMMZBQQSPWFEQVCMJD 5IFPUIFS"CPSJHJOBMQFSTPOUPCF BNBUFVSIJTUPSJBO DPNNFOUFE IBOHFEJOXBTLOPXOUP FYFDVUJPOTJO.FMCPVSOFT the colonising population only as IJTUPSZ UIFTFTJYIBOHJOHTBSFPG POUIFTJHOJöDBODFPG particular historical interest and 5VOOFSNJOOFSXBJUBOE A3PHFS)FXBTGSPN.PVOU3PVTF TJHOJöDBODF JOXFTUFSO7JDUPSJB BOEXBT As Judge John DIBSHFEPWFSUIFEFBUIPGBGBSN FNQMPZFFJO5IBUEFBUI 5IFBSUJTU8JMCSBIBN-JBSEFU occurred as part of a series of NBEFBXBUFSDPMPVSESBXJOH Walpole Willis said, DBMMFE A5IFöSTUFYFDVUJPOXIJDI their punishment DPOøJDUTPWFSMBOEBQQSPQSJBUFE EFQJDUT5VOOFSNJOOFSXBJUBOE CZ+PIO$PYGPSTIFFQGBSNJOHJO XIJDITFWFSBM"CPSJHJOBMQFPQMF .BVMCPZIFFOOFSTEFQBSUVSF was designed to from the gaol to the site of their XFSFLJMMFE 4QBSSPXBOE4QBSSPX FYFDVUJPO (BMMPXT)JMM BMUIPVHI inspire ‘terror...’
DM 8259529 10 of 46 Page 14 of 49
5IFIBOHJOHPG5VOOFSNJOOFSXBJU and 3PHFSXBTJOUFOEFECZUIFJS THE BIGGEST STORY IN THE judge to communicate a political NEWSPAPERS OF THE DAY message to Aboriginal people considering armed resistance to DPMPOJTBUJPO IFFYFDVUJPOPG5VOOFSNJOOFSXBJUBOE 5 .BVMCPZIFFOOFSXBTBUUFOEFECZUIPVTBOET "T+VEHF+PIO8BMQPMF8JMMJTTBJE PGTQFDUBUPST5IJTGPMMPXFETFWFSBMNPOUITEVSJOH UIFJSQVOJTINFOUXBTEFTJHOFEUP XIJDIUIFJSBDUJWJUJFT BQQSFIFOTJPOBOEUSJBMXFSF JOTQJSFAUFSSPSUPEFUFSTJNJMBS UIFCJHHFTUTUPSJFTJOUIFOFXTQBQFSTPGUIFEBZ USBOTHSFTTJPOTA"CPSJHJOFTGSPNUIF 4UFWFOT TVSSPVOEJOHEJTUSJDUTIBEXBUDIFE UIFTFOUFODFUBLFFòFDU*UNVTU 5IFFYFDVUJPOXBTSFDPVOUFEJOBOABOFDEPUBM TVSFMZIBWFCFFOIPQFEUIBUUIF IJTUPSZPG.FMCPVSOFQVCMJTIFEJO XIJDI DIBTUJTFNFOUPGUIFXSPOHEPFST SFNBSLFEPOUIFDSPXEPGBOEUIFATIPDLJOH XPVMEIBWFBTPCFSJOHFòFDUVQPO NJTNBOBHFNFOUPGUIFFYFDVUJPOJUTFMG $ISPOJDMFT UIFN %BWJFT PG&BSMZ.FMCPVSOF
)PXFWFS UIFTFXFSFOPUUIFMBTU +BNFT%SFEHF XIPIBECSJFGMZCFFOBO"TTJTUBOU IBOHJOHTPG"CPSJHJOBMQFPQMF5XP 1SPUFDUPSPG"CPSJHJOBMQFPQMF BUUFOEFEUIFIBOH NPSF"CPSJHJOBMNFOLOPXOBT JOHBOESFDPSEFEBOFZFXJUOFTTEFTDSJQUJPOJOIJT 1UPMFNZBOE#PCCZXFSFIBOHFEJO EJBSZ%SFEHFOPUFEUIBUUIFDVSJPTJUZPGUIFQVCMJD DIBSHFEXJUILJMMJOHUIFTFUUMFS XBTIFJHIUFOFECZUIFGBDUUIBU5VOOFSNJOOFSXBJU "OESFX#FWFSJEHFXIPIBEFTUBC BOE.BVMCPZIFFOOFSIBEADPNNFODFEBDPVSTFPG MJTIFEMBOEIPMEJOHTOFBS4XBO)JMM DSJNFBGUFSIBWJOHCFFOBUUBDIFEGPSZFBSTUP despite the fact he had been denied (FPSHF"VHVTUVT3PCJOTPO UIF$IJFG1SPUFDUPSPG permission to do this by the colonial "CPSJHJOFTJO1PSU1IJMMJQ BOECFGPSFUIBU7BO BVUIPSJUJFT 4QBSSPXBOE4QBSSPX %JFNFOT-BOE "UIJSE"CPSJHJOBMNBO #VMMFUFZF XIPIBEBMTPCFFO 0GUIFJSFYFDVUJPO %SFEHFXSPUF A4VDIBOBGGFDU DIBSHFECVUBDRVJUUFEPWFSUIBU JOH BQQBMMJOH EJTHVTUJOH FYFDSBCMFTDFOFNZFZFT LJMMJOHBQQBSFOUMZVTFEOPPTFTUPLJMM OFWFSTBX5IFVOIBQQZWJDUJNTXFSFCVOHMFJOHMZ UISFF.VSSBZ3JWFSTFUUMFSTOPUMPOH BOEDSVFMMZDPOTJHOFEUPUIFJSGBUF BGUFSIFXBTGPSDFEUPXJUOFTTUIF IBOHJOHPG1UPMFNZBOE#PCCZBOE 5IFFYFDVUJPOFSXBTBDPOWJDU +PIO%BWJFT XIP UIFOSFMFBTFE 4QBSSPXBOE4QBSSPX BMTPXPSLFEBTBXBSEFSBUUIFQSJTPO)JTBTTJTUBOU 5IJTVTFPGUIFUFDIOPMPHZPG POUIFEBZ +PIO4UZMFNBO MBUFSCFDBNFPGGJDJBM IBOHJOHXBTQSPCBCMZOPUUIFMFTTPO IBOHNBOBOEGMPHHFS .BD'BSMBOF UIFKVEHFXBOUFE#VMMFUFZFUPMFBSO Many had applied for the job of executioner – the GSPNXBUDIJOHUIFFYFDVUJPOPGIJT inducement promised by authorities in Port Phillip DPVOUSZNFO XBTbBOEBAUJDLFUPGMFBWFoUIFSJHIUUPXPSL MPDBMMZ .BD'BSMBOF )PXFWFS UIJTXBTOPU IPOPVSFECZ/48XIPGBWPVSFEBQBZNFOUPGbQFS PDDBTJPOPSbQFSBOOVN .BD'BSMBOF
Two more %BWJFTQSPUFTUFEBOEXBTFWFOUVBMMZHSBOUFEIJT Aboriginal men UJDLFUPGMFBWFJO5IFHBMMPXTXFSFJOFYQFSUMZ CVJMUCZUIF$MFSLPG8PSLT .BD'BSMBOF known as 'PSUIFOFYUFYFDVUJPOBNVDINPSFDPTUMZHBMMPXT XBTDPOTUSVDUFE CZBDPOUSBDUPS/VNFSPVTQSJWBUF Ptolemy and Bobby SFIFBSTBMTXFSFDBSSJFEPVUVTJOHBTUSBXNBO were hanged in .BD'BSMBOF 1847,
DM 8259529 11 of 46 Approximate burial site of Tunnerminnerwait and Maulboyheenner, on the edge of a cemetery where 9000 people were buried and over which the Queen Victoria Market was built.
Queen Victoria Gallows Hill Site of public execution of Tunnerminnerwait and
! ! Maulboyheener 12 of 46 Market ! Old Melbourne Gaol This gaol was under construction when the trial and execution took place.
Route of parade: Likely route from the gaol to the gallows on the day of the execution.
First Supreme ! City Gaol In use from 1839-45, Tunnerminnerwait and Court ! Maulboyheener were incarcerated here. 49 of
15 Courthouse where Tunnerminnerwait, Maulboyheenner, Truganini, Planobeena, and Pyterruner were tried. Page Page
Yarra Camp Site of corroborees as well as plant foods and wildlife, a mission ! station of 362 hectares was set up here in early 1837. However, Aboriginal people were forcibly expelled from the camp by soldiers and police in 1840.
Robinson’s home was built on a large block, purchased in 1840. Many Robinson's Van Diemen’s Land Aboriginal people lived and worked here, Peter ! Home
Brune and Rebecca were buried here. DM 8259529
Sources: Esri, DeLorme, NAVTEQ, TomTom, Intermap, increment P Corp., GEBCO, USGS, FAO, NPS, NRCAN, GeoBase, IGN, Kadaster NL, Ordnance Survey, Esri Japan, METI, Esri China (Hong Kong), swisstopo, and the GIS User Community Page 16 of 49 BURIAL AT THE 5IFQSBDUJDFXBTEJTDPOUJOVFEBGUFS.ST.FMWJMMFDBVTFE controWFSTZCZEJTQMBZJOHIFSIVTCBOETDPSQTFJOUIFJSPZTUFS OLD MELBOURNE TIPQ BQQBSFOUMZJOBCJEUPESVNVQCVTJOFTT XIJDIXBT CEMETERY – NOW JODJEFOUBMMZ TVDDFTTGVM 0$BMMBHIBO QUEEN VICTORIA 4VCTFRVFOUMZ FYFDVUFEQFPQMFXFSFCVSJFEJOTJEFUIFHBPM BOEMJNFXBTBEEFEUPUIFJSHSBWFTUPIBTUFOUIFQSPDFTTPG MARKET EFDPNQPTJUJPO 0$BMMBHIBO IFCVSJBMPG5VOOFSNJOOFSXBJU BOE.BVMCPZIFFOOFSXBTDPO 5USPWFSTJBM5IFZXFSFQMBDFEJOB ESTABLISHMENT OF POLICE, OFXMZEFDMBSFE TFHSFHBUFE"CPSJHJOBM DFNFUFSZ 3PCJOTPO$MBSL COURTS, PRISONS AND OFYUUPUIFHFOFSBMDFNFUFSZ5IJTTJUF MBUFSCVJMUPWFSBOETUJMMVONBSLFE CRIMINAL LAW IN JTOPXUIFTJUFPGUIF2VFFO7JDUPSJB PORT PHILLIP .BSLFUT SJPSUPUIFPOMZDPVSUJO.FMCPVSOFXBTB 5IFFYBDUTJUFPG5VOOFSNJOOFSXBJU P 1PMJDF.BHJTUSBUFT$PVSU TPQFPQMFBDDVTFEPGSFMB BOE.BVMCPZIFFOOFSTCVSJBMJT UJWFMZTFSJPVTDSJNFTJO1PSU1IJMMJQIBEUPCFTFOUUP UIPVHIUUPCFAKVTUPVUTJEFUIFGFODF 4ZEOFZUPCFUSJFE BOETPNFXFSFIBOHFE BUUIFOPSUIFBTUFSODPSOFSPGUIF HSPVOEXIJDIDBNFUPCFVTFEBTUIF /FWFSUIFMFTT UIFGJSTUMPDBMIBOHJOHXBTTJHOJGJDBOU BSFBXIFSF"CPSJHJOBMBOE2VBLFS BOEIBTCFFODPOTJTUFOUMZSFNBSLFEVQPOBTTVDI5IF EFBEXFSFCVSJFE 4QBSSPXBOE trial and hanging in Melbourne is also significant in 4QBSSPX SFMBUJPOUPUIFCJEGPSPGGJDJBMTVQQPSUPGUIFWFSZ DPMPOJTBUJPOPGUIFMBOETPGUIF,VMJOQFPQMF5IFWFSZ "CPVUQFPQMFXFSFQSPCBCMZ GJSTUHPWFSONFOUPGGJDJBMTFOUUPUIF%JTUSJDUUPBDUBT buried in the old general cemetery QPMJDFNBHJTUSBUF $BQUBJO8JMMJBN-POTEBMFJO CFUXFFOBOE5IFSF SFQSFTFOUFEUIFCFHJOOJOHPGUIFSFUSPTQFDUJWF NBJOTPGPOMZBCPVUCPEJFTXFSF sanctioning of a colonisation that had begun as tres exhumed for a decent reburial in QBTTCZCVTJOFTTJOUFSFTUTGSPN7BO%JFNFOT-BOE .FMCPVSOF(FOFSBM$FNFUFSZBOE #PZDF &BDIEFWFMPQNFOUJOUIFMFHBMTZTUFN 'BXLOFS.FNPSJBM1BSLXIFOUIF represented further solidity and deeper roots for the NBSLFUXBTöSTUFTUBCMJTIFEBOEUIFO DPMPOZ FYUFOEFE "UUIFUJNFXIFO5VOOFSNJOOFSXBJUBOE.BVMCPZIFFO *UJTOPUFOUJSFMZDMFBSXIFUIFSUIF OFSXFSFJNQSJTPOFEBOEUSJFE UIFKVTUJDFTZTUFNIBE SFNBJOTPG5VOOFSNJOOFSXBJUBOE DFSUBJOOPUBCMFBOEIJTUPSJDBMMZJOUFSFTUJOHGFBUVSFT .BVMCPZIFFOOFSXFSFFYIVNFEBOE 5IFGBDJMJUJFTPGUIFHBPMXFSFCBTJD DPOEJUJPOTJO SFCVSJFEFMTFXIFSFPSXIFUIFSUIFZ XFSFEFTDSJCFECZBGFMMPXQSJTPOFSBTAESFBEGVM .BD BSFTUJMMBUUIFPSJHJOBMCVSJBMTJUF OFBS 'BSMBOF UIF2VFFO4USFFUFOEPGUIFTVSWJW JOHPSJHJOBMDFNFUFSZXBMMXIJDISVOT 0OMZNFOACFUXFFOBOEZFBSTXIPIBEBOJODPNF FBTUXFTUUISPVHIUIFQSFTFOUEBZ PGBUMFBTUbQFSBOOVNGSPNQFSTPOBMQSPQFSUZIBE NBSLFU UIFSJHIUUPTJUPOKVSJFTBUUIBUUJNF %BWJFT GPPUOPUF /JOFUFFOUIDFOUVSZWPUJOHSVMFTXFSFTJNJMBS 5IFSFMBUJWFTPGQFPQMFIBOHFETPNF *ODPVSU BDDVTFEXFSFOPUBMMPXFEUPHJWFFWJEFODFJO times managed to get permission to UIFJSPXOEFGFODFBOEOPUBUBMMJGUIFZXFSFAJHOPSBOU IBWFUIFCPEZSFUVSOFEUPUIFN BTJO PGBA4VQSFNF#FJOH(PE %BWJFT UIFDBTFPG(FPSHF.FMWJMMF IBOHFEJO 1PSUFS ...conditions in 1841 were described by
5IJTXBTOPUUIFDBTFGPS5VOOFSNJO a fellow prisoner as ‘dreadful.’ OFSXBJUBOE.BVMCPZIFFOOFS DM 8259529 13 of 46 Page 17 of 49 *OUFSFTUJOHMZ DPVSUTDPOTJEFSFE IVTCBOEBOEXJGFUPCFAPOFBOEUIF TBNFQFSTPOBOEVOBCMFUPHJWF HISTORY OF FWJEFODFBCPVUUIFPUIFS .VMMBMZ "MMUIFTFSVMFTXFSF CAPITAL PUNISHMENT IN BQQMJFEUPUIFEJTBEWBOUBHFPG 5VOOFSNJOOFSXBJUBOE VICTORIA .BVMCPZIFFOOFS
0OUIFPUIFSIBOE JUTFFNT IFGBDUUIBU5VOOFSNJOOFSXBJUBOE.BVMCPZ 5SVHBOJOJ 1MBOPCFFOBBOE IFFOOFSSFDFJWFEDBQJUBMQVOJTINFOUJTDBVTFGPS 1ZUFSSVOFSXFSFBEWBOUBHFECZ reflection5 on the history of the contentious issue of UIFBWBJMBCMFEFGFODFUIBUXPNFO DBQJUBMQVOJTINFOUJO7JDUPSJBBOEOBUJPOXJEF XFSFJOBSFMBUJPOTIJQPGDPFSDJPO UPUIFJSIVTCBOET 1VCMJDFYFDVUJPOTXFSFGPSCJEEFOJO7JDUPSJBJO CVUDBQJUBMQVOJTINFOUXBTOPUBCPMJTIFEGPS *UXBTDMBJNFEEVSJOHUIFUSJBMUIBU BOPUIFSZFBST 3PCFSUT .BD'BSMBOF UIFXPNFOJOUIFHSPVQXFSF 1PSUFS 1VCMJDTFOUJNFOUBCPVUDBQJUBMQVO UPUBMMZDPOUSPMMFECZUIFNFO UIJT JTINFOUBQQFBSFEUPXBWFSEVSJOH5VOOFSNJOOFS XBTQSPCBCMZBQMPZUPIBWFUIF XBJUBOE.BVMCPZIFFOOFSTBDUVBMIBOHJOH EVFUP XPNFOTQBSFE 3PCFSUT the apparent feelings of Maulboyheenner and the PCWJPVTMZJOFYQFSUBOEDSVFMUFDIOJRVF *OUIJTJOTUBODF UIFBTTVNQUJPO UIBUNFOEPNJOBUFEXPNFOJO 5IFSFXBTFWFSJODSFBTJOHQVCMJDPVUDSZPWFSUIF "CPSJHJOBMDVMUVSFXBTTVDDFTTGVMMZ EFBUIQFOBMUZJO7JDUPSJB JODMVEJOHPOUIFPDDBTJPO EFQMPZFECZUIFEFGFODF*UGFMMPO PGUIFMBTUXPNBO–+FBO-FFJO– and the last FBHFSFBSTBOEXPSLFEUPUIF man executed –3POBME3ZBOJO3POBME3ZBO CFOFöUPGUIFXPNFO XBTBMTPUIFMBTUQFSTPOFYFDVUFEJO"VTUSBMJB 1PSUFS *O FMFWFOPGUIFUXFOUZTJY people recorded as being in &WFOBUUIFGJSTUIBOHJOH BDDPSEJOHUP%BWJFT UIF DVTUPEZXFSF"CPSJHJOBM BOPWFS 1PSU1IJMMJQQSFTT UIF(B[FUUFBOEUIF1BUSJPU representation that appears to WPJDFEATUSPOHPQQPTJUJPOUPUIFQSJODJQMFPGDBQJUBM presage present day criminal justice QVOJTINFOUBOEJUTBQQMJDBUJPOUP"CPSJHJOFT5IBU TUBUJTUJDT 4QBSSPXBOE4QBSSPX TBJE UIFZAEJEOPURVFTUJPOUIFKVTUJDFPGUIFTFO UFODFJUTFMG %BWJFT 5VOOFSNJOOFSXBJU BOE.BVMCPZIFFOOFSXFSFTVCKFDUFEUPDBQJUBM QVOJTINFOUBUBUJNFJOIJTUPSZXIFOSBDFSFMBUJPOT XFSFDIBSBDUFSJTFECZHVFSSJMMBXBSBOE BUUJNFT NBSUJBMMBX5IFJSFYFDVUJPOUIFSFGPSFIBTBQBS UJDVMBSNFBOJOHBOEGVODUJPOJOSFMBUJPOUPXBSBOE colonisation that does not attach to most hangings PGOPO"CPSJHJOBMQFPQMFBUUIBUUJNF
Public executions were forbidden in Victoria in 1854, but capital punishment was not abolished for another 121 years.
DM 8259529 14 of 46 Page 18 of 49 THE ‘RULE OF LAW’ AND COLONIAL VIOLENCE OF THE TIME
n the lead up to the concerted A4VNNBSZKVTUJDFoJOEJTDSJNJOBUF people – and this person only got *DPMPOJTBUJPOPGQSFTFOUEBZ murder and massacre of Aboriginal UXPNPOUITJNQSJTPONFOU TFF 7JDUPSJB POXBSET TMBWFSZIBE QFPQMFCZTFUUMFSTJOSFWFOHF %BWJFT *OGBDU UIFEVF CFFOBCPMJTIFEBDSPTTUIF#SJUJTI against presumably Aboriginal UPUIFEFHSFFPGDPOøJDUJO &NQJSFBOEUIFSFXBTBHSPXJOH QFSQFUSBUPSTPGTIFFQUIFGUoXBT UIF/48(PWFSOPSTVHHFTUFE ANPPEPGQIJMBOUISPQZJO&OHMBOE AOPUVODPNNPOPOUIFGSPOUJFS deferring for a year the publication .BD'BSMBOF of regulations ensuring equal legal 5IF-POEPOCBTFE"CPSJHJOFT TUBUVTGPS"CPSJHJOBMQFPQMF #PZDF 1SPUFDUJPO4PDJFUZ GPVOEFEJO *O.FMCPVSOF UISFF"CPSJHJOBM XBTBOFYQSFTTJPOPGUIJT)PXFWFS QFPQMFXFSFTIPUEFBEGPSIFMQJOH -POEPOXBTBMPOHXBZGSPN1PSU UIFNTFMWFTUPQPUBUPFT TFWFSBM 1IJMMJQXIFSFBXBSPWFSMBOEXBT more jailed in the same incident Aboriginal people VOEFSXBZ CVUFTDBQFECZCVSOJOHEPXOUIF KBJM #PZDF were not permitted to give evidence, "OPUIFSXBUFSDPMPVSESBXJOHCZ -JBSEFUEFQJDUTUIJTFTDBQF BOE stacking proceedings THE indicates the atmosphere of against them. EFTQFSBUJPOBOEWJPMFODFPGUIF RE-ESTABLISHMENT FBSMZZFBSTPG.FMCPVSOF5IPVHI TPNFDPOøJDUTCFUXFFO"CPSJHJOBM 5IFHSPVOECSFBLJOHWFSEJDU OF THE QFPQMFBOETFUUMFSTEJENBLFJUUP BHBJOTUOPO"CPSJHJOBMTUPDLNFO DPVSU "CPSJHJOBMQFPQMFXFSFOPU CVUOPUUIFJSMFBEFS BTRVBUUFS NATIVE POLICE QFSNJUUFEUPHJWFFWJEFODF TUBDL GPSUIF.ZBMM$SFFL.BTTBDSFJO JOHQSPDFFEJOHTBHBJOTUUIFN OPSUIFSO/48JOXBTXFMM "DDPSEJOHUPIJTUPSJBO+BO LOPXOUPTFUUMFSTJOUIF1PSU1IJMMJQ 3PCFSUT AUIFSPMFPG"Coriginal *OEFFE JO.FMCPVSOFEVSJOH+VEHF %JTUSJDUBOEXBTTBJEUPIBWFHSFBUMZ USBDLFSTJODBUDIJOHUIF5BTNBOJBOT 8JMMJTTUJNFCFUXFFOBOE increased their animosity to HBWFJNQFUVTUPUIFJEFBPGTFUUJOHVQ TFWFSBMTFUUMFSTTVTQFDUFEPG "CPSJHJOBMQFPQMF BOEUIFJS B/BUJWF1PMJDF$PSQT5XFOUZ NVSEFSJOH"CPSJHJOBMQFPQMFXFSF TFDSFDZBCPVUUIFJSPXOEFFET "CPSJHJOBMNFOXFSFSFDSVJUFEUIF TFUGSFF .BD'BSMBOF 3PCFSUT 4-7FSHPXFCTJUF NPOUIBGUFS#PCTBOE+BDLT 5IF.ZBMM$SFFLDBTFXBTBXJEFMZ FYFDVUJPO #Z öWF"CPSJHJOBMQFPQMF SFQPSUFEBOEATFOTBUJPOBMFYBNQMF GSPN1PSU1IJMMJQIBECFFOIBOHFE PGXIJUFNFOCFJOHGPVOEHVJMUZ 5IFSFIBECFFOBUFNQUTUPSFDSVJU OJOF&VSPQFBOTXFSFUSJFECVUPOMZ BOEIBOHFEGPSUIFJSDSJNFT 8PPE "CPSJHJOBMQFPQMFBT/BUJWF1PMJDFJO CVUUIF$PSQTXBTFTUBCMJTIFE POFDPOWJDUFEGPSLJMMJOH"CPSJHJOBM UIFöSTUUJNFJO"VTUSBMJBO XJUINVDIHSFBUFSGPSNBMJUZJO IJTUPSZUIBUOPO"CPSJHJOBMQFPQMF IBECFFOFYFDVUFEGPSLJMMJOH and operated until being disbanded Below: An escape from the first gaol JO 'FMT 8JMCSBIBN'SFEFSJDL&WFMZO-JBSEFU<> "CPSJHJOBMQFPQMF %SBXJOHXBUFSDPMPS QFODJM 0OMZUIFJSCPTT BTRVBUUFS SFDFJWFE QFOBOEJOL4UBUF-JCSBSZPG7JDUPSJB QBZ UIF/BUJWF1PMJDFPóDFSTSFDFJWFE POMZSBUJPOT5IFGPSDFXBTACBTFEBU %BOEFOPOHBOEPQFSBUFEBMNPTU FYDMVTJWFMZBHBJOTU"CPSJHJOFTGPSUIF UFOZFBSTJUFYJTUFE 3PCFSUT
5IJTTIPXTUIBUUIFFWFOUT TVSSPVOEJOH5VOOFSNJOOFSXBJUBOE .BVMCPZIFFOOFSXFSFJOUFSUXJOFE image permission pending XJUITJHOJöDBOUEFWFMPQNFOUTJO thesubjugation of Aboriginal people JO7JDUPSJBQPMJDJOHBOETVCKVHBUJPO PG"CPSJHJOBMQFPQMFJO7JDUPSJB
DM 8259529 15 of 46 Page 19 of 49 Bigger legal questions The trial of Tunnerminnerwait, Maulboyheenner, Truganini, Planobeena and Pyterruner took place at a time when questions about sovereignty, jurisdiction and treaty were being debated.
$SVDJBMMZ UIF#POKPODBTFEFBMUXJUI RETROSPECTIVE ENDORSEMENT DSJNFBNPOH"CPSJHJOBMQFPQMF JO #PMEFO JUXBTDSJNFCZXIJUFBHBJOTU OF THE ‘SETTLEMENT’ OF CMBDL*OUIFGPSNFSDBTF+VEHF8JMMJT EJTDIBSHFE#POKPO XIPIBECFFO PORT PHILLIP BDDVTFEPGNVSEFSJOHBGFMMPX "CPSJHJOBMQFSTPO BSHVJOHUIBUIF FMCPVSOFXBTFTUBCMJTIFECZ CFHBO "UUXPPE%PZMF XBTAOPUBNFOBCMFUPUIF-BXPG Ma group of businessmen from 'PMMPXJOHUIJTFYQSFTTJPOPGHPWFSO UIF$PMPOZGPSPòFODFTDPNNJUUFE 7BO%JFNFOT-BOE5IFJSBUUFNQU NFOUBQQSPWBM BGSFO[ZPGMBOETF BHBJOTUBOPUIFS"CPSJHJOBMQFSTPO to establish land holdings in areas MFDUJPOXBTVOMFBTIFE5IFJNQBDU #POKPOTEFGFODFDPVOTFMBSHVFEUIBU UIBUXFSFPóDJBMMZPòMJNJUTXJUIPVU PO"CPSJHJOBMQFPQMFXBTTFWFSF "CPSJHJOBMQFPQMFXFSFOPUTVCKFDUT UIFQFSNJTTJPOPGUIF$PMPOJBMPóDF "T+BNFT#PZDFPCTFSWFT A1PSU as they had not entered into a treaty JO-POEPOPS4ZEOFZXBTBHBNCMF Philip had become such a terrible OPSATVCNJUUFEUIFNTFMWFTUPUIF UIBUMBSHFMZQBJEPò QMBDFGPS"CPSJHJOFTUIBUXJUIJO #SJUJTI$SPXO)PXFWFS UIFSFIBE öGUFFOZFBSTPGUIFGPVOEJOHPG CFFOBOFBSMJFSDBTFJOUIF/48 5IFA1PSU1IJMMJQ"TTPDJBUJPOHSPVQ .FMCPVSOFBMNPTUBMMPGUIFNXFSF Supreme Court and a statement by that launched this gamble included EFBE5IJTEPFTOPUEJNJOJTI CVU UIF(PWFSOPSJOXIJDI"CPSJHJOBM +PIO#BUNBO PGUFOSFHBSEFEBT SBUIFSNBHOJöFT UIFFYUSBPSEJOBSZ QFPQMFXFSFQSPDMBJNFEUPCF the founder of Melbourne and best BDIJFWFNFOUPGUIPTFXIPTPNF TVCKFDUT BOEBCMFUPCFQSPUFDUFE LOPXOBTUIFBVUIPSPG#BUNBOT IPXTVSWJWFEUIFPOTMBVHIU #PZDF BOEQSPTFDVUFEVOEFS&OHMJTI-BX 5SFBUZ#BUNBOXBTBMTPBTJHOJöDBOU GPSDSJNFTBHBJOTUXIJUFTPSCMBDLT öHVSFJOUIFIJTUPSZPG7BO%JFNFOT .BD'BSMBOF 8JMMJTSFRVFTU -BOE XIFSFIFMFEQBSUJFTUIBUQVS SOVEREIGNTY UIBU(PWFSOPS(JQQTJO4ZEOFZBTL TVFEBOELJMMFE"CPSJHJOBMQFPQMF -PSE4UBOMFZ UIF#SJUJTI4FDSFUBSZPG 5IJTJTEPDVNFOUFEJOEFUBJMJO#BU ecent scholarship points to 4UBUFGPS8BSBOE$PMPOJFTJO-POEPO NBOTPXOEJBSZGSPNUIBUQFSJPE 3UIFDPOUJOVFESFMFWBODFPG to consider the rectitude of assert and is subject of cultural interpreta UIFIJTUPSZPGIPX.FMCPVSOFXBT JOHTPWFSFJHOUZBOEKVSJTEJDUJPOPWFS UJPOJOUIFOPWFM The Roving FTUBCMJTIFEGPSXIBUJUUFMMTVTBCPVU Aboriginal people in the absence of a Party0ODFUIFZIBEBSSJWFEJOUIF OPUJPOTTVDIBTUFSSBOVMMJVT USFBUZ XBTSFKFDUFECZUIF(PWFSOPS 1PSU1IJMMJQ%JTUSJDU BOEBTJ[FBCMF TPWFSFJHOUZBOEUSFBUZJOQSFTFOU %BWJFT TFUUMFNFOUIBECFFOFTUBCMJTIFE EBZ"VTUSBMJB5IF+VEHFJOUIFDBTF UIFXFMMDPOOFDUFENFNCFSTPG PG5VOOFSNJOOFSXBJUBOE.BVMCPZ *OUIF#PMEFODBTF +VEHF8JMMJT the Association managed to secure IFFOOFS +PIO8BMQPMF8JMMJT XBT BDRVJUUFEB8FTUFSO%JTUSJDUTFUUMFS SFUSPTQFDUJWFFOEPSTFNFOUPGUIFJS JOWPMWFEJOTPNFPGUIFTFEFCBUFT PGIBWJOHTIPUEFBEBO"CPSJHJOBM JMMFHBMBDUJPOT #PZDF &WFO +VEHF8JMMJTESFXBUUFOUJPOBOEDSJUJ QFSTPO POUIFHSPVOETUIBUIFIBE though the treaty the Association DJTNGPSIJTCFIBWJPVSBOEEFDJTJPOT FYDMVTJWFQPTTFTTJPOPGIJTMBOEBOE IBEESBXOVQXBTSFKFDUFECZ JOBOVNCFSPGDBTFT JODMVEJOHIJT DPVMESJHIUGVMMZFYQFMUSFTQBTTFST DPMPOJBMPóDJBMTBOEBENJOJTUSBUPST BDRVJUUBMPGXIJUFTFUUMFSTGPS XIJUFPSCMBDL GSPNJU+VEHF8JMMJT UIFPóDJBMTTPPOBHSFFEUPQSPWJEF NVSEFSJOH"CPSJHJOBMQFPQMF BMTPTUBUFEUIBUCZDPOUSBTUXJUIUIF QPMJDJOHTFSWJDFTUPUIFTFUUMFNFOU #POKPODBTF JO#PMEFOUIFDPVSUIBE +VEHF8JMMJTNPTUJOUFSFTUJOHDPN KVSJTEJDUJPO#PMEFOTBDRVJUUBMGPS "UUIJTQPJOU HPWFSONFOU NFOUTGSPNBMFHBMQPJOUPGWJFX NVSEFSXBTHSFFUFEXJUIDPODFSO BQQSPWBMPGUIFDPMPOJTBUJPOPG1PSU XFSFUIPTFSFHBSEJOHTPWFSFJHOUZ by Superintendent of the Port Phillip 1IJMMJQXBTTFDVSFBOE XJUIUIF BOEKVSJTEJDUJPO GPSJOTUBODFJOUIF %JTUSJDU$IBSMFT-B5SPCFXIPUIPVHIU establishment of the policing and A#POKPOBOEA#PMEFODBTFT .BD'BS JUHBWFDBSUFCMBODIFUPTFUUMFSTUPLJMM MFHBMTZTUFN UIFFYUFOTJPOPG MBOF 3PCFSUT "UUXPPE Aboriginal people on sight QSBDUJDBMTPWFSFJHOUZJOUIFBSFB %PZMF .BD'BSMBOF DM 8259529 16 of 46 Page 20 of 49 Aboriginal people from Van Diemen’s Land in Port Phillip
Left: George Augustus Robinson #FSOBSEJOP(JBOJ.- B .JUDIFMM-JCSBSZ 4UBUF-JCSBSZPG/FX4PVUI8BMFT POMZPGUIFUSJCBMQFPQMFXFSFMFGUBMJWF IFSEFEUPHFUIFSJODPODFOUSBUJPODBNQT öSTUBU 8ZCBMFOOBPO'MJOEFST*TMBOEBOEöOBMMZBU0ZTUFS $PWF JOUIFTPVUIPGNBJOMBOE5BTNBOJB"CPVUB EP[FOXPNFOFTDBQFEUIFDBNQT.PTUPGUIFTFIBE CFFODBQUVSFEUPXPSLGPS#SJUJTITFBMFSTMJWJOHJOUJOZ FODMBWFTJOUIF'VSOFBVYJTMBOEHSPVQPòUIFOPSUI FBTUUJQPG5BTNBOJB
A5IFSFUIFZFTUBCMJTIFEBDPIFTJWFBOETFMGTVóDJFOU GBNJMZCBTFEDPNNVOJUZGSPNXIPNNPTUPGUPEBZT "CPSJHJOBMQPQVMBUJPOEFTDFOE5XPPUIFS"CPSJHJOBM XPNFO POFPGUIFNUIFTPMFTVSWJWPSPG0ZTUFS$PWF XFSFNBSSJFEUP&VSPQFBONFOPOUIF5BTNBOJBO NBJOMBOE UIFJSGBNJMJFTDPNQMFUFPVSDPNNVOJUZ /POFPGUIF"CPSJHJOBMNFOTVSWJWFE 5"$
5VOOFSNJOOFSXBJUBOE.BVMCPZIFFOOFSXFSF LIFE IN PORT PHILLIP – members of a group of Aboriginal people brought to ANOTHER EXPERIMENT UIF1PSU1IJMMJQ%JTUSJDUCZ(FPSHF"VHVTUVT3PCJOTPO "MMXFSFATVSWJWPSTPGUIFOPUPSJPVT#MBDL8BST BY ROBINSON, 4QBSSPXBOE4QBSSPX %VSJOHUIFA#MBDL8BS 3PCJOTPO XIPIBEBUUBJOFEUIFUJUMFA1SPUFDUPSPGUIF THE ‘PROTECTOR’ "CPSJHJOFT USBWFMMFEBSPVOE7BO%JFNFOT-BOEPOB TPDBMMFEA'SJFOEMZ.JTTJPOUPBSSBOHFUIFFYPEVTPGBMM IFTUPSZPG5VOOFSNJOOFSXBJUBOE.BVMCPZIFFOOFS the Aboriginal people from the mainland island to a 5is inextricable from the story of the treatment of TNBMMFS PòTIPSFJTMBOEJO#BTT4USBJUDBMMFE'MJOEFST "CPSJHJOBMQFPQMFJO7BO%JFNFOT-BOEPWFSBMM5IFJS *TMBOE"TBNFUIPEPGAQSPUFDUJPO 3PCJOTPOT DMPTFBTTPDJBUJPOXJUI(FPSHF"VHVTUVT3PCJOTPO FYQFSJNFOUGBJMFE SFTVMUJOHJOBSBQJEBOEEJTUVSC A1SPUFDUPSPG"CPSJHJOFTBOEBLFZöHVSFJOUIBUTUPSZ JOHEFBUISBUFBU8ZCBMFOOB)PXFWFS GPSUIFXPSL NBLFTUIJTPCWJPVT5IFBSDIBFPMPHJTU3IZT+POFT PGPSHBOJTJOHUIFFYPEVT 3PCJOTPOIBEBMSFBEZCFFO BMUIPVHIDPOUSPWFSTJBMGPSIJTBDDPVOUPG5BTNBOJBO SJDIMZSFXBSEFEJOXBHFTBOEMBOE*OMBUFIFXBT "CPSJHJOBMDVMUVSF TVNNBSJTFEUIFUSFBUNFOUPG BQQPJOUFE$IJFG1SPUFDUPSPG"CPSJHJOFTJOUIF%JTUSJDU Aboriginal people in that state as characterised by PG1PSU1IJMMJQ BQPTJUJPOIFIFMEVOUJM AQTZDIPQBUIJDTBEJTNBOEAQVOJUJWFNBOIVOUT MJUUMF EJòFSFOUGSPN.Z-BJBOE#VDIFOXBME +POFT DJUFEJO "TTPPOBT3PCJOTPOTAGSJFOEMZNJTTJPOXBT 5BZMPS BDDPNQMJTIFEBOEUIFNBJOMBOEPG7BO%JFNFOT-BOE XBTBMNPTUFOUJSFMZFNQUJFEPG"CPSJHJOBMQFPQMF "CSJFGIJTUPSZXSJUUFOCZUIF5BTNBOJBO"CPSJHJOBM UIFWBMVFPGMBOEJO7BO%JFNFOT-BOETLZSPDLFUFE $FOUSF 5"$ oJOBCPPLMFUPOSFQBUSJBUJPOoQSPWJEFT 3PCFSUT 4PPO 3PCJOTPOQSPQPTFEUPCSJOHBMM BO"CPSJHJOBMQFSTQFDUJWF*UTUBUFTUIBUPGUIF TVSWJWJOH"CPSJHJOBMQFPQMFGSPN8ZCBMFOOBUP QPQVMBUJPOPGQFSIBQT"CPSJHJOBMQFPQMF ACZ 1PSU1IJMMJQ DM 8259529 17 of 46 Page 21 of 49 Left: The Conciliation, #FOKBNJO%VUFSSBV 0JMPODBOWBT$PMMFDUJPO 5BTNBOJBO.VTFVNBOE"SU(BMMFSZ Below: Residence of George Augustus Robinson at Prahran on the Yarra,
XFSFTFOUCBDLGPMMPXJOHUIFJSUSJBM "OPUIFSDPVOUSZNBO +PIO"MMFO returned then too – he had come to 1PSU1IJMMJQXJUI+PIO#BUNBO XIP IBEIJNTFMGTJODFEJFE 3PCFSUT "UMFBTUUXPPGUIF"CPSJHJOBM QFPQMF3PCJOTPOIBECSPVHIUPWFS GSPN7BO%JFNFOT-BOESFNBJOFEJO UIF1PSU1IJMMJQ%JTUSJDUBGUFSo "VUIPSJUJFTJO7BO%JFNFOT-BOEXFSFFOUIVTJBTUJD 1FUFS#SVOFBOE+PIOOZ'SBOLMJO 3PCFSUT BCPVUUIFSFNBJOJOH"CPSJHJOBMQFPQMFPG5BTNB )PXFWFS1FUFS#SVOFEJFEJOBOEXBTCVSJFE OJBCFJOHUBLFOUP1PSU1IJMMJQ5IPTFJO/FX4PVUI JOUIFHSPVOETPG3PCJOTPOTIPVTFJOQSFTFOUEBZ 8BMFTXFSFOPU .BD'BSMBOF 3PCJOTPO 1SBISBO BMPOHXJUI3FCFDDBXIPEJFEJO $MBSL TBJEUIFZXFSFDJWJMJTFEBOEQFBDFGVM .BD'BSMBOF ,PTUBOTLJ .PSFSFTFBSDIXPVMECFOFFEFE BOEBSHVFEUIBUUIFZXPVMECFANPTUVTF to get clearer information on the fate of each person GVMBVYJMJBSJFTJODPODJMJBUJOHUIFOBUJWFTPG"VTUSB JOUIBUHSPVQPG FWFOUIFFYBDUOVNCFSTJOUIF MJB #PZDF HSPVQBOEUIFJSWBSJPVTBSSJWBMEBUFTBSFDVSSFOUMZ IBSEUPEFUFSNJOF TFF"QQFOEJY )PXFWFS 1MBOPCFFOB BUUIFUJNFPGIFSFNBODJ QBUJPOGSPNTFBMFST IBECFFOLOPXOUPTBZUIBU 5IFTUPSZPGUIFMBSHFSHSPVQPG"CPSJHJOBMQFPQMF ATIFXPVMEUFBDIUIFCMBDLGFMMPXUPLJMMQMFOUZPG XIPDBNFUP1PSU1IJMMJQGSPN7BO%JFNFOT-BOE XIJUFNFO UIJTDPNNFOUXBTSFDPSEFEJO XJUI(FPSHF"VHVTUVT3PCJOTPOJTZFUUPCFUPME TFF4UFWFOT 5IFGBDUUIBUTIFXBT the sister of the formidable resistance fighter &VNBSSBIIBTCFFOIJHIMJHIUFEJOTVQQPSUPGUIF Robinson said they were theory that a similar spirit of resistance also civilised and peaceful and NPUJWBUFE1MBOPCFFOB argued that they would be ‘most &WFOUVBMMZ3PCJOTPOHBJOFEQFSNJTTJPOUP useful auxiliaries in conciliating CSJOHAPOFGBNJMZXJUIIJNUP1PSU1IJMMJQ )PXFWFS 3PCJOTPOJOUFSQSFUFEUIFOPUJPOPG the natives of Australia.’ GBNJMZCSPBEMZ IBOEQJDLJOHUIPTFIFXBOUFE UPCSJOH5IF/48(PWFSOPSPOMZSFMVDUBOUMZ TVQQMJFE3PCJOTPOXJUISBUJPOTGPSGPVSPGUIF "CPSJHJOBMQFPQMFXIPIFCSPVHIUUP .FMCPVSOF
5IFUJNFUIBUUIFTF"CPSJHJOBMQFPQMF TQFOUJO.FMCPVSOFBOEUIFXJEFSDPMPOZXBT FYUSBPSEJOBSJMZFWFOUGVM CVUJUXBTTIPSUMJWFE CFHJOOJOHJO.BSDIBOECFJOHMBSHFMZ PWFSCZNJE#ZUIBUUJNFGJWFPGUIF HSPVQ JODMVEJOH5VOOFSNJOOFSXBJUBOE .BVMCPZIFFOOFS IBEEJFE BOPUIFSTJYPGUIF HSPVQSFUVSOFEUP7BO%JFNFOT-BOEJO XIFO5SVHBOJOJ 1MBOPCFFOBBOE1ZUFSSVOFS
3PCJOTPOTIPNF LOPXOBT5FSOFFU XBTPOBDSFTPGMBOE BQQBSFOUMZMPDBUFEPOUIFTPVUITJEFPGUIF:BSSB3JWFSBUUIF OPSUIFSOFOEPG$IBQFM4USFFU $MBSL,PTUBOTLJ DM 8259529 18 of 46 Page 22 of 49 THE GROUP’S ‘DEPREDATIONS’ an attempt to reduce the punishment IN THE DANDENONG AND UIFZXPVMESFDFJWF 8IJMFUIFKVSZGPVOE5VOOFSNJOOFS WESTERN PORT AREA XBJUBOE.BVMCPZIFFOOFSHVJMUZ JUT SFDPNNFOEBUJPOPGNFSDZXJUI SFHBSETUPUIFJSQVOJTINFOUXBT O0DUPCFS3PCJOTPOXBT BCPVUTJYXFFLTUPFWBEFUIFMBSHF JHOPSFE .BD'BSMBOF *ASFMFBTFEGSPNSFTQPOTJCJMJUZGPSUIF BOEOVNFSPVTQBSUJFTUIBUXFSFTFOU +VEHF8JMMJT 4VQFSJOUFOEFOU$IBSMFT 7BO%JFNFOT-BOEHSPVQ)PXFWFS PVUUPDBUDIUIFN0ODFUIFZXFSF -B5SPCFBOEUIF(PWFSOPSJO4ZEOFZ UIFZSFNBJOFEWFSZNVDIBTTPDJBUFE brought to Melbourne they initially 4JS(FPSHF(JQQTBMMBHSFFEOPNFSDZ XJUI3PCJOTPOTIPVTFIPME*OEFFE appeared before Police Magistrate XPVMECFTIPXO .BD'BSMBOF 5VOOFSNJOOFSXBJUBDDPNQBOJFE .BKPS4U+PIO5XFMWFXIPDPNNJU BOECZNJE+BOVBSZ UIFTFOUFODF 3PCJOTPOPOBOFYUFOTJWFUPVSPG UFEUIFNUPUSJBMo5VOOFSNJOOFSXBJU PGEFBUIXBTDFSUBJO"QSJFTU UIF8FTUFSO%JTUSJDUGSPN.BSDIUP BOE.BVMCPZIFFOOFSGPSNVSEFS BOE 3FWFSFOE5IPNTPO WJTJUFEUIFN "VHVTUJNNFEJBUFMZQSJPSUP 5SVHBOJOJ 1MBOPCFFOBBOE1ZUFSSVOFS prior to their hanging to conduct GPSNJOHUIFHSPVQPGöWFUIBUXBT BTBDDFTTPSJFT QSBZFST .BD'BSMBOF FWFOUVBMMZUSJFEGPSNVSEFS 3PCJOTPO 5SVHBOJOJTTUFQTPO1FUFS#SVOF $MBSL 3PCJOTPOIBECFFO 5IFHSPVQXBTUSJFEPO BMPOHXJUI3PCJOTPO BUUFOEFEUIFJS PSEFSFECZ-B5SPCFUPDPOEVDUUIF %FDFNCFS IBWJOHTQFOUOFBSMZ CVSJBM5IFSFBSFQSFTVNBCMZBSBOHF UPVSBOEUPAFTUBCMJTIBGSJFOEMZDPN BNPOUIJOKBJMGPMMPXJOHUIFJSBSSJWBM of reasons for Peter being the sole NVOJDBUJPOXJUIUIFTUSBOHFUSJCFT JO.FMCPVSOFPO/PWFNCFS+VEHF NFNCFSPGUIF7BO%JFNFOT-BOE 5IJTSFøFDUFEUIF4VQFSJOUFOEFOUT 8JMMJTOPUFTPGUIFUSJBMBSFBUUIF HSPVQUPBUUFOE BOEUIFGBDUUIBU DPODFSOBCPVUUIFGSPOUJFSWJPMFODF BSDIJWFTPGUIF3PZBM)JTUPSJDBM4PDJ 5VOOFSNJOOFSXBJUTXJEPXBOEUIFJS CFTFUUJOHUIFBSFB WJPMFODFUIBUXBT FUZPG7JDUPSJBBOEBSFSFQSPEVDFEJO PUIFSMPWFEPOFTEJEOPUBUUFOE PCWJPVTEVSJOHUIFUPVS UIF#SJUJTI)PVTFPG$PNNPOT 5IFPWFSTFFSPGUIFNJOFXIFSFUIF 1BSMJBNFOUBSZ1BQFST6OGPSUVOBUFMZ LJMMJOHTUPPLQMBDF 8JMMJBN8BUTPO *OIFSCPPLJack of Cape Grim +BO the records of the Standing Counsel attended the execution and the burial 3PCFSUTSFDPVOUTIPXNBOZPGUIF GPSUIF"DDVTFE 3FENPOE#BSSZoB BOEIJTXJGF8JMMJBN8BUTPOUPPLUIF 7BO%JFNFOT-BOE"CPSJHJOBMQFPQMF GVUVSFDIJFGKVTUJDFPG7JDUPSJBo DIBODFUPBTL3PCJOTPOGPSDPN used to abscond frequently from BQQFBSUPIBWFTVSWJWFEPOMZJO pensation for clothes the group had 3PCJOTPOTTVQFSWJTJPOBOEIPXUIF OFXTQBQFSSFQPSUTPGUIFUSJBM"T TUPMFOGSPNIJN HSPVQPGöWFQSPCBCMZDBNFUPCF UIFJSEFGFODFDPVOTFM 3FENPOE assembled in the bush in the #BSSZBUUFNQUFEUPHFUUIFHSPVQT %BOEFOPOH8FTUFSO1PSUBSFBCZ DBTFIFBSECZBKVSZPGUIFJSQFFST "VHVTU4FQUFNCFS5IFSFXBT 1ZUFSSVOFSXBTJOKVSFEXIFOUIFZXFSF CVUUIJTXBTSFKFDUFE3FENPOE#BSSZ DBQUVSFE4IFXBTBQQBSFOUMZUSFBUFE OPUIJOHFWFOUGVMBCPVUUIFöSTUGFX BMTPJOWPLFEUIF#MBDL8BSBTBNPUJ CZ)VHI"OEFSTPO BTFUUMFSBOE XFFLTPGUIFJSKPVSOFZ)PXFWFS WBUJPOGPSUIFJSBUUBDLTPOTFUUMFSTJO EPDUPS BMUIPVHIJO)PSUPOTBDDPVOUPG BGUFSUIFJSöSTUSBJETPOTFUUMFSIVUT XIBUXBTCPUIBDSFEJCMFFYQMBOBUJPO UIF"OEFSTPOGBNJMZTTUPSZJUXBT XFSFSFQPSUFE UIFZNBOBHFEGPS GPSUIFJSBOUJDPMPOJBMTUZMFSBJETBOE 5SVHBOJOJIFUSFBUFE )PSUPO
UIFHSPVQTNPUJWFGPSLJMMJOHUIF lence at the hands of sealers herself WHAT WAS XIBMFIVOUFSTIBTCFFOBTVCKFDU BOEXJUOFTTJOHWJPMFODFBHBJOTUIFS PGJOUFSFTU"TUPSZIBTDJSDVMBUFEJO GBNJMZ 5SVHBOJOJIBEWBSJPVT THE GROUP’S UIFDPNNVOJUZUIBUUIFHSPVQLJMMFE JOUFSBDUJPOTXJUIXIBMFIVOUFSTPO BUSINESS UIFXIBMFIVOUFSTEVFUPUIFJSQSJPS #SVOZ*TMBOEJOUIFMBUFTFBSMZ NJTUSFBUNFOUPG"CPSJHJOBMXPNFO T 3ZBO IN WESTERN 5IFQFSTJTUFODFPGUIFTUPSZBOEUIF MPOHBTTPDJBUJPOPGTFBMBOEXIBMF "OPWFSBSDIJOHPSBEEJUJPOBM PORT? IVOUFSTXJUINBOZQBSUTPGUIFDPBTU explanation for the raids conducted POCPUITJEFTPG#BTT4USBJU prior to and after the encounter any historians and com JODMVEJOH8FTUFSO1PSU HJWFT XJUIUIFXIBMFIVOUFSTXPVMECF MNFOUBUPSTIBWFBUUFNQUFE JUTPNFXFJHIU5IFGBDUPGUIF BOUJDPMPOJBMSFTJTUBODF5IFKPVSOFZ UPVODPWFSUIFHSPVQTNPUJWFTGPS WJPMFODFUIFUISFFXPNFOIBE JOUPUIFCVTIPG5VOOFSNJOOFS MFBWJOH.FMCPVSOF DPOEVDUJOH XJUOFTTFEPSFYQFSJFODFEBUUIF XBJU .BVMCPZIFFOFS 5SVHBOJOJ OVNFSPVTSBJETPOTFUUMFSTIVUT IBOETPGTFBMFSTJOUIFQBTUJTXFMM Planobeena and Pyterruner and BOEHBUIFSJOHUIFOPUJOTJHOJöDBOU FTUBCMJTIFE+VEHF8JMMJTXBTBXBSF their raids against settlers occurred BSTFOBMEJTDPWFSFEXIFOUIFZXFSF that Planobeena and Pyterruner during one of the most intense FWFOUVBMMZDBVHIU UIJTJT4UFWFOT AXFSFFNBODJQBUFEGSPNUIFTFBMFST QFSJPETPGGSPOUJFSWJPMFODFJOUIF QBSUJDVMBSGPDVTJOIFSBSUJDMF JO#BTTT4USBJUT 8JMMJT/PUF#PPL IJTUPSZPGUIF1PSU1IJMMJQ%JTUSJDU IFSBOBMZTJTJTJNQSFTTJWF 'VSUIFS 3)47 "TXFMMBTFYQFSJFODJOHWJP 5IFJSBDUJWJUJFTCPSFDMPTFTJNJMBSJUZ DM 8259529 19 of 46 Page 23 of 49 to the forms of resistance employed by Aboriginal people at that time JOBMMBSFBTPGXIBUJTOPX7JDUPSJB The Killing JODMVEJOH(FFMPOH UIF8FTUFSO %JTUSJDU (JQQTMBOE 4XBO)JMMBOE BMPOHUIF.VSSBZBOE(PVMCVSO 3JWFST BOEUPGPSNTPGSFTJTUBODF FNQMPZFECBDLJO7BO%JFNFOT of the -BOE&TUJNBUFTPGUIFOVNCFSPG Aboriginal people murdered by &VSPQFBOTBSPVOESBOHF GSPNBNJOJNVNPGUPBSPVOE %BWJFT DJUJOH Whalers $ISJTUJF /BODF "CPSJHJOBMQFPQMF BMMFHFEMZLJMMFEBUMFBTUDPMPOJTUTJO OBEEJUJPOUPHFOFSBMBOUJDPMPOJBMSFWFOHFPSSFTJTUBODF UIFSFNBZ UIF8FTUFSO%JTUSJDUCFUXFFO *IBWFCFFOBNPSFTQFDJGJDSFBTPOGPSUIFHSPVQTKPVSOFZUPBOE BOENJE %BWJFT BDUJWJUJFTJO8FTUFSO1PSUUIBOIJTUPSJBOTIBWFTPGBSVODPWFSFE*U .BTTBDSFBOENVSEFSXBTSFHVMBSMZ SFNBJOTQPTTJCMFUIBUUIFXIBMFSTXFSFLJMMFECFDBVTFUIFZXFSF occurring in all districts prior to and LOPXOCZUIFHSPVQUPIBWFQSFWJPVTMZBUUBDLFE"CPSJHJOBMQFPQMFJO GPMMPXJOHUIFJSSBJET BTEJTDVTTFECZ NBTTBDSFT BCEVDUJPOTPSCPUI WBSJPVTIJTUPSJBOTBOEOPUFECZUIF (PWFSOPSPGUIFEBZ %BWJFT 5IFLJMMJOHPGUIFUXPXIBMFSTGPSXIJDI5VOOFSNJOOFSXBJUBOE 3PCFSUT (VFSSJMMBXBSGBSFBOE .BVMCPZIFFOOFSXFSFDPOWJDUFEPGNVSEFSPDDVSSFEJOBUJNFBOE TFUUMFSBUUBDLTXFOUPOGPSBCPVU QMBDFJOXIJDIDPOGMJDUCFUXFFO"CPSJHJOBMQFPQMFBOE&VSPQFBOT ZFBST VOUJMUIFToUIFUJNFPG XBTXFMMLOPXO"SPVOEJO8FTUFSO1PSU A"TUPXBXBZPOUIF UIF(PME3VTI 3PCFSUT $BMFEPOJBSFDPSEFEUIBUUIF"CPSJHJOFTXFSFIBSNMFTT CVUIBE CFFOQSPWPLFECZiTPNFTFBMFSTwUPLJMMGPVSNFOBOETFWFSFMZXPVOE 5XPUIJOHTTUSPOHMZQPJOUUPUIF BGJGUI XIPTVCTFRVFOUMZEJFEUIFJODJEFOUIBECFFOQSFDJQJUBUFE DPODMVTJPOUIBUUIFHSPVQXBTBQBSU CZUIFBUUFNQUFEBCEVDUJPOPGOBUJWFXPNFO (PPDI 5IF PGoBOETBXUIFNTFMWFTBTQBSUPG &VSPQFBOTLJMMFEJOUIFTJODJEFOUXFSFBNPOHTUUIFWFSZGJSTU&V SPQFBOTUPCFCVSJFEJOUIFSFHJPO5IJTCBDLHSPVOEDPOUFYUTVHHFTUT oUIFXJEFTQSFBE"CPSJHJOBMBSNFE UIBUJOUFSBDUJPOCFUXFFO"CPSJHJOBMQFPQMFBOEWJTJUJOHTFBGBSFST SFTJTUBODFUPDPMPOJTBUJPOPGUIFEBZ IBEJODMVEFEDPOGMJDUJOUIFQBTU 0UIFSFWJEFODFGPSUIJTJODMVEF 'JSTUJTUIFDPOUFYUPGUIFQSFWBJM BDDPVOUTTVDIBT A8FTUFSOQPSUCBSLTUSJQQFSTTIPPU"CPSJHJOFT JOHXBSPWFSMBOEXIJDIUISFBUFOFE BOEATJNJMBSPVUSBHFTIBWFCFFODPNNJUUFEVQPOUIF"CPSJHJOFTBU the complete extermination of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and that of each other is an impor PG/FX4PVUI8BMFT8FTUFSO1PSUXBTBSFHVMBSQPSUPGDBMMGPS UBOUQBSUPGUIJTTUPSZ)PXNVDI TFBMFSTGSPNUIFUPUIFT #PXEFO 1FPQMFJOWPMWFE EJE5VOOFSNJOOFSXBJUöOEPVU XJUITFBMJOHXFSFPGUFOBMTPJOWPMWFEXJUIXIBMJOHBOEXBUUMFCBSL BCPVUUIFCMPPETIFEJOUIF8FTU TUSJQQJOHoBTPVSDFPGJODPNFJOUIFXIBMFSTPGGTFBTPO (PPDI 5IFPDDVSSFODFPGBCEVDUJPOTPG"CPSJHJOBMXPNFO FSO%JTUSJDUXIFOIFUSBWFMMFEUIFSF BOEDIJMESFOCZTFBMFSTBOEXIBMFSTBMPOHUIFTFTBNFDPBTUTJTXFMM XJUI3PCJOTPOJO )PXNVDI FTUBCMJTIFECZIJTUPSJBOT(JWFOUIFIFBWZUSBGGJDBDSPTT#BTT4USBJU interaction did he and the other BOEBMPOHUIFTPVUIFSODPBTUPG"VTUSBMJBJOUIFTTJUJTFBTZ 5BTNBOJBOTIBWFXJUIMPDBM UPJNBHJOFUIBUUIFHSPVQPGGJWFSFDPHOJTFEUIFXIBMFSTQFSTPOBMMZ "CPSJHJOBMQFPQMF "OEEJEUIF PSSFDPHOJTFEUIFNBTUIFLJOEPGWJTJUPSTXIPUFOEFEUPBCEVDU 5BTNBOJBOTTIBSFUIFJSTUPSJFTPG XPNFO"T4UFWFOTQPJOUTPVU A"MMUISFFXPNFOIBECFFOBCPNJOB UIFJSFBSMJFSDPMPOJTBUJPOXJUIMPDBM CMZUSFBUFECZUIFTFSPVHIBOESFBEZNFOPGUIFTFB BOE5VOOFSNJO QFPQMF XBSOJOHUIFNPGXIBUXBT OFSXBJUBTBDIJMEIBEXJUOFTTFEBOPUPSJPVTNBTTBDSFBUUIFJSIBOET UPDPNF
DM 8259529 20 of 46 Page 24 of 49
5IFGBDUUIBUUIFGJWFFNCBSLFEPO their expedition immediately after 5VOOFSNJOOFSXBJUSFUVSOFEGSPNB We ‘meant KPVSOFZPGTFWFSBMNPOUITXJUI(FPSHF "VHVTUVT3PCJOTPOXJUOFTTJOHUFTUJNPOZ BCPVUWJPMFODFJOUIF8FTUFSO%JTUSJDU BMTPBQQFBSTIJHIMZTJHOJGJDBOU*UJT LOPXOUIBU3PCJOTPO BDDPNQBOJFE to have shot BOEBTTJTUFECZ5VOOFSNJOOFSXBJU JOWFTUJHBUFEUIF$POWJODJOH(SPVOE NBTTBDSFPGOFBS1PSUMBOE#BZEVSJOHUIJT KPVSOFZ5IJTXBTUIFGJSTUSFDPSEFE NBTTBDSFJO7JDUPSJBTIJTUPSZ TP documenting its occurrence may Watson’ IBWFTVHHFTUFEUP3PCJOTPOBOE 5VOOFSNJOOFSXBJUUIBU7JDUPSJBO IFBUNPTQIFSFBSPVOEUIFUJNFPGUIFTIPPUJOHXBTUFOTF "CPSJHJOBMQFPQMFXFSFVOEFSHPJOHBO 58BUTPO UIFPWFSTFFSPGUIFDPBMNJOFBU$BQF1BUFSTPO attempted extermination similar to that XIFSFUIFUXPXIBMFSTXFSFTIPU TFFNFEQSFQBSFEUPTIPPU 5BTNBOJBO"CPSJHJOBMQFPQMFoBUUIF POTJHIUBOZPOFIFFODPVOUFSFEUIBUEBZ*OUIFBDDPVOU hands of essentially the same group of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Ï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‘...women had CFDBVTF1SPCFMBUUFOFSXBTTUJMMNJTTJOHBOEUIFZXBOUFEUP been abominably GJOEIJNoPSGJOEPVUXIBUIBQQFOFEUPIJN 5IFSFJTTPNFFWJEFODFUIBUUIFHSPVQPGGJWFGPVOEPVUUIBU treated by these 1SPCFMBUUFOFSIBECFFOLJMMFE BOEXFOUTFBSDIJOHGPSIJT rough-and-ready BTTBJMBOU8IJMFJOKBJMBXBJUJOHUSBJM.BVMCPZIFFOOFSIBEB DPOWFSTBUJPOXJUI3PCJOTPOXIJDI3PCJOTPONFOUJPOFEJOIJT men of the sea, and EJBSZA#PCTBJE.S)PSTFGPMEUPMEUIFN8BUTPOTIPU*TBBDBOE IFNFBOUUPIBWFTIPU8BUTPO 3PCJOTPO$MBSL Tunnerminnerwait as KPVSOBMFOUSZPG%FDFNCFS "DDPSEJOHUP*BO$MBSL XIPFEJUFEBOEBOOPUBUFE3PCJOTPOT1PSU1IJMMJQEJBSJFT a child had witnessed )PSTFGPMEJTAQSFTVNBCMZ+BNFT)PSTGBMM TVQFSJOUFOEFOUGPS a notorious massacre )("TIIVSTU #MBOBSSJOH*OUIF+VEHFTOPUFTPGUIFUSJBM BDDPSEJOHUPFWJEFODFHJWFOCZ8JMMJBN+PIOTPOPGUIF#PSEFS at their hands.’ 1PMJDF .BVMCPZIFFOOFSIBEBMTPTBJEUP+PIOTPOXIFOBTLFE XIZIFTIPUIJN UIBUAIFIBEUIPVHIUJUXBT.S8BUTPO
DM 8259529 21 of 46 Page 25 of 49 *UTFFNTTJHOJGJDBOUUIBUUIFHSPVQNBEFOP AUSPVCMFGPSUIFGJSTUDPVQMFPGXFFLTPGUIFJS KPVSOFZ BOEUIBUUIFZUIFOATUPMFBHVOGSPNB.S )PSTFGBMPG%BOEFOPOH 3BF&MMJT D .D'BSMBOF Port Philip Herald /PWFNCFS 5IFHSPVQTGJSTUJODFOEJBSZ BDUJPOTFFNTUPIBWFCFFOXBTUPTUFBMJOHBHVO GSPN)PSTFGBM UIJTNBZXFMMIBWFCFFOJNNFEJ BUFMZBGUFSIFBQQBSFOUMZUPMEUIFNUIBU8BUTPO IBELJMMFE*TBBD5IFHSPVQNBZUIFOIBWF EFUFSNJOFEUPGJOE DPOGSPOUPSLJMM8BUTPOo IJNTFMGBQPTTJCMFNVSEFSFS*UXBTOFDFTTBSZUP PCUBJOBHVO
*OUFSFTUJOHMZ TPNFPUIFSSFTFBSDIFST BXBSFPG UIFRVPUFGSPN.BVMCPZIFFOFSUIBUMJOLT*TBBD )PSTFGBMBOE8BUTPO IBWFOPUNBEFB DPOOFDUJPOCFUXFFOUIFRVPUFBCPWFBOEUIF FODPVOUFSXJUI)PSTFGBMFBSMZJOUIFHSPVQT 8FTUFSO1PSUFYQFSJFODFT*TJUUIFTBNF.S )PSTFGBM *GOPUEPFTJUNBUUFS 5IFRVPUF TVHHFTUTBNPUJWFGPSGJOEJOHPSFWFOLJMMJOH 8BUTPO UIFZIBETPNFDIBODFUPUBMLUP.S Horsefal prior to setting out in the direction of UIF$BQF1BUUFSTPODPBMNJOF BOE1SPCMFBUUFOFS EJTBQQFBSFEJOUIF8FTUFSO1PSUBSFBJOBOE JTQSFTVNFECZIJTUPSJBOTUPIBWFEJFEXIJMFJO 1PSU1IJMMJQ 3PCFSUT
0O/PWFNCFS UIFEBZUIFXIBMFSTXFSFTIPU UIFHSPVQIBECFFOAFOHBHFEJOGJSFGJHIUXJUI Above: Native Hen, -FHBMMÏ
DM 8259529 22 of 46 ConflictPage 26 of 49 between Aboriginal people and Men of the Sea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found greater acceptance amongst his seafaring mates than any of his compatriots could expect from the DPMPOJTUT 3ZBO 5IFQBMMCFBSFSTBU-BOOFZT 5IF*NMBZTVTFEBOVNCFSPGCPBUT -BEZPGUIF-BLFBOE GVOFSBMJOJODMVEFENBUFTGSPNIJTXIBMJOHXPSL #SPVHIBNXPSLFEJO-BEZT#BZ8IBMFPJMXBTSFOEFSFE BOEXFSFPGNBOZOBUJPOBMJUJFT5IFTUPSZPGXIBU EPXOPOTIPSF )PSUPO 5IF*NMBZCSPUIFSTXFSF IBQQFOFEUP8JMMJBN-BOOFZTCPEZBGUFSIFEJFEJTBO QSPNJOFOUJOUIFXIBMFIVOUJOHXPSE BOEXFSFOPU FYBNQMFUIFXPSTUCFIBWJPVSPGTDJFOUJTUTBOEDPMMFDUPST BWFSTFUPIJSJOHDPOWJDUToUPUIFBOOPZBODFPGUIF JOUIBUFSB 3ZBO -BXSFODF (PWFSONFOU "VTUSBMJBO%JDUJPOBSZPG#JPHSBQIZ *OBEEJUJPOUPUIFUXPXIBMFSTXIPXFSFNVSEFSFE -JUUMFIBTCFFOVODPWFSFEBCPVUUIFCJPHSBQIJFTPGUIF UIFUXPTFUUMFST #BUFTBOE8FTUBXBZ XIPXFSFNPTU UXPXIPXFSFLJMMFE 8JMMJBN$PPLBOE:BOLFF OPSBCPVU TFWFSFMZXPVOEFECZUIFHSPVQPGöWFSFQPSUFEMZUPPL UIFPUIFSXIBMFSTUIFZXFSFUSBWFMMJOHXJUI TFF"QQFOEJY TPNFZFBSTUPSFDPWFSPSOFWFSSFDPWFSFEGVMMZ0OFPG 8JMMJBN$PPLXBTEFTDSJCFEBUUIFJORVFTUJOUPUIFJS UIFJSEFTDFOEBOUT 4IJSMFZ8FTUBXBZ IBTTQPLFOUP"#$ EFBUITBTB4ZEOFZOBUJWF CVU:BOLFFXBTBQQBSFOUMZ 3BEJPBCPVUUIFFWFOUT POMZLOPXOCZIJTOJDLOBNF5IFSFJTBSFDPSEPGUIFCJSUI PGB8JMMJBN$PPLJO4ZEOFZJO CVUUIJTNBZOPUCF Below: Whaling Station Lady’s Bay, Wilsons Promontory,3PCFSU UIFTBNFQFSTPO5IFOBNF:BOLFFJTBTUSPOHIJOUUIBU 3VTTFMM 1BTUFMBOEJOLPOQBQFS4UBUF-JCSBSZPG7JDUPSJB UIJTXIBMFIVOUFSXBT"NFSJDBO*O UIFSFXFSFAOFBSMZ"NFSJ DBOBOE'SFODIXIBMFSTBMPOHUIF TPVUIFSODPBTUPG"VTUSBMJB EPJOH CPUICBZBOEEFFQXBUFSXIBMJOH %BLJO *UJTVOLOPXO XIFUIFSUIF:BOLFFUIBUXBTNVS EFSFEXBTBNFNCFSPGBQBSUJDVMBS HSPVQPGA:BOLFFTXIPDBNFUP "VTUSBMJBBTQPMJUJDBMQSJTPOFST 0GUIF:BOLFF1BUSJPUTUSBOT QPSUFEUP7BO%JFNFOT-BOE NBOZ SFUVSOFEBGUFSUIFJSTFOUFODFT BOE GFMMGSPNUIFIJTUPSJDBMSFDPSE 1ZCVT
5IFMJWFTPGXIBMFIVOUFSTBSF HFOFSBMMZVOEFSTUPPEUPIBWF JODMVEFEIBSE EBOHFSPVTXPSL BOENPCJMJUZCFUXFFOBWBSJFUZPG
DM 8259529 23 of 46 Page 27 of 49 RETURN TO VAN DIEMEN’S Truganini’s LAND AND THE FIRST Involvement ABORIGINAL PETITION SVHBOJOJJTPOFPGUIFNPTUGBNPVT5BTNBOJBO"CPSJHJOBMQFPQMF 5FWFSLOPXO:FUIFSJOWPMWFNFOUJOBQBSUZXIJDIEFQBSUFE .FMCPVSOFGPS8FTUFSO1PSUBOEFOEFEVQJODPVSUGPSNVSEFS SVHBOJOJ 1MBOPCFFOFS and Pyterruner returned EVSJOH.FMCPVSOFTWFSZFBSMJFTUZFBSTJTBMNPTUDPNQMFUFMZVO 5 LOPXO'PMMPXJOHUIJTFWFOUGVMKPVSOFZBOEOBSSPXFTDBQFGSPNUIF UP'MJOEFST*TMBOE 7BO HBMMPXT 5SVHBOJOJMJWFEGPSBOPUIFSZFBSTBGUFSSFUVSOJOHUP7BO %JFNFOT-BOE JO+VMZ %JFNFOT-BOE4IFEJFEJO XJUIGJWFPUIFS"CPSJHJOBM QFPQMF8PPSBEEZ %BWZ 5IFXBZJOXIJDI5SVHBOJOJJTNPTUMZSFNFNCFSFEUFOETUPMFBEUP #SVOZ 8BUFSBOE.BSZ"OO DMPTFEFOEFEBOEöYFEDMBJNTPGUIFFYUJODUJPOPGUIF"CPSJHJOBM "SUIVSBOE+BDL"MMFO QFPQMFPG5BTNBOJB5IJTQSFEPNJOBOUXBZPGQSFTFOUJOHIFSTUPSZ MBSHFMZQSFWFOUTBSJDIPSTPQIJTUJDBUFEVOEFSTUBOEJOHPG5SVHBOJOJT 5SBHJDBMMZ 8PPSBEEZEJFE MJGFBOEJUTIJTUPSJDBMDPOUFYUBOETJHOJöDBODF BOEUIBUPGUIF FOSPVUF5IPTFUIBUEJE QSFTFOUEBZ5BTNBOJBO"CPSJHJOBMDPNNVOJUZ5"$IBTDBMMFEUIJT NBLFJUCBDLUP'MJOEFST OPUJPOUIBUUIFEFBUIPG5SVHBOJOJANBSLFEUIFFOEPGUIFSBDFB *TMBOEXFSFMBUFSJOGMVFOUJBM in orchestrating the AXJEFTQSFBEBOEJOø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y EJFEJOTDJFOUJTUTEVHVQIFSHSBWF QFSGPSNFESFTFBSDIPOIFS
DM 8259529 24 of 46 Page 28 of 49 5"$QPJOUTPVUUIBUNVDIPGUIFNBUFSJBM IFMEJO#SJUJTINVTFVNToCPUIDVMUVSBM objects and remains of recently departed Links between BODFTUPSToXBTBDUVBMMZDPMMFDUFECZ(" 3PCJOTPOIJNTFMGA"TUIFQFPQMFEJFEJOUIF DBNQT3PCJOTPO XIPIBECFFOHJWFOUIF UJUMFPG1SPUFDUPSPGUIF"CPSJHJOFT DVUVQ colonisation of UIFJSCPEJFTBTQSFTFOUTGPSIJTGSJFOET WBSJPVTNJMJUBSZPóDFSTBOESFQSFTFOUBUJWFT PGUIF$SPXO 5"$ 3PCJOTPOUPPL QFPQMFTUBMJTNBOTFWFOXIFSFUIFZTIPXFE SFMVDUBODF BOEQBTTFEPOJUFNTUIBUUIBU Port Phillip "CPSJHJOBMQFPQMFHBWFIJNoUIJOHTHJWFO ABTHJGUT UPUSZUPQMFBTFIJN 5"$ and *OUIJTXBZ UIFTUPSZPG5VOOFSNJOOFSXBJU and Maulboyheenner in Port Phillip is EJSFDUMZSFMBUFEUPUIFQBJOGVMBOEDPOUSPWFS TJBMJTTVFPGTDJFOUJöDSFTFBSDIPOBODFTUSBM Van Diemen’s SFNBJOTXJUIPVUDPOTFOU BOEUIFTUSVHHMF by descendants to repatriate ancestral SFNBJOTBOEMBZUIFNUPSFTU 'PS5"$AUIFXIPMFQPJOUPGSFQBUSJBUJPO Land AJTTPXFBSFBCMFBUMBTUUPQVUUPSFTUUIF TQJSJUTPGPVSBODFTUPSTXIPXFSFEJTJOUFSSFE IFTUPSZPG5VOOFSNJOOFSXBJUBOE.BVMCPZIFFOOFSJT GSPNCVSJBMHSPVOETPSLJMMFEJOUIFCVTI 5JOUFHSBMMZDPOOFDUFEUPUIFTUSPOHMJOLTCFUXFFOUIF 5"$ 5"$IJHIMJHIUTUIBUUIFQSP DPMPOJTBUJPOPG1PSU1IJMMJQBOE7BO%JFNFOT-BOE5IJT DFTTCZXIJDIBODFTUSBMSFNBJOTBOEDVMUVSBM IJTUPSZJTOPUXJEFMZVOEFSTUPPEQVCMJDMZ)PXFWFS SFDFOU materials ended up in museums around the TDIPMBSTIJQIBTESBXOHSFBUFSBUUFOUJPOUPUIFFBSMZIJTUPSZ XPSMEJOWPMWFEVOGBJSBOEJMMFHJUJNBUFFY PGDPMPOJTBUJPOPGUIFBSFBTOPXLOPXOBT.FMCPVSOFBOE DIBOHFTXJUIABQPXFSMFTTQFPQMFQSFZFEPO 7JDUPSJBUIJTJTTIPXOUPCFTJHOJöDBOUMZJOUFSMJOLFEXJUIUIF BUUIFJSNPTUWVMOFSBCMFUJNF4PNFJUFNT DPMPOJTBUJPOPG7BO%JFNFOT-BOE 5BTNBOJB OPUPOMZXJUI TUJMMJONVTFVNTXFSFNBEFBU8ZCBMFOOB UIBUPGUIBUPG/FX4PVUI8BMFT XIJDIXBTUIFABENJOJTUSB PO'MJOEFST*TMBOEoUIFZIBWFBTQFDJBM TJHOJöDBODFACFDBVTFPGUIFCFBVUZPVS UJWFDFOUSFPGUIF#SJUJTIDPMPOJBMQSPKFDUJO"VTUSBMJB5IF QFPQMFDSFBUFEJOUIFNPTUXSFUDIFE MJWFTPG5VOOFSNJOOFSXBJUBOE.BVMCPZIFFOOFSSFøFDUUIJT DJSDVNTUBODFT 5"$ 'VSUIFS AJUJT IJTUPSZ QSFDJTFMZCFDBVTFUIFSFBSFTPGFXDVMUVSBM JUFNTUIBUUIFZBSFPGTVDIWJUBMJNQPSUBODF ENVIRONMENTAL UPVT0OBWJTJUUP&VSPQFJO B5"$ delegation told a gathering of Museum HISTORIES SFQSFTFOUBUJWFT A8IFOXFWJTJUZPVSNVTF VNTUIJTXFFL JUXJMMCFUIFTFDPOEUJNF VJFUMZJOUIFCBDLHSPVOEPGUIFFWFOUGVMMJWFTBOEFY POMZUIBU"CPSJHJOFTGSPN5BTNBOJBIBWF 2QFSJFODFTPG5VOOFSNJOOFSXBJUBOE.BVMCPZIFFOOFS TFFOUIFSFMJDTPGPVSEFBE GPSJOTUBODF PS BSFIJOUTUPUIFXBZUIFFOWJSPONFOUCPUITIBQFEBOEXBT the canoe models made by tribal people at TIBQFECZUIFFBSMZZFBSTPG7JDUPSJBBOE5BTNBOJB*UJT 8ZCBMFOOB 5"$ PCWJPVTUIBUJO7JDUPSJB LOPXMFEHFPGBOENFBOJOHTPG DPVOUSZEJòFSFEHSFBUMZCFUXFFO"CPSJHJOBMQFPQMFBOE ‘the whole point’ of DPMPOJTUT repatriation ‘is so we are 'PSUIF#SJUJTI UIFMBOEXBTBUUJNFTFYQFSJFODFEBTJOIPT QJUBCMFBOEEFBEMZ SBUIFSUIBOBQMFOUJGVM DBSFGVMMZUFOEFE able at last to put to rest... IPNF"UUFNQUFEPóDJBMTFUUMFNFOUJOUIF4PSSFOUPBSFBJO the spirits of our ancestors XBTCFTFUCZBGBJMVSFUPEFSJWFGPPEGSPNUIFBSFB JO who were disinterred from QBSUJDVMBSUIFGBJMVSFUPDBUDINBOZöTIPSLBOHBSPPT5IF TFUUMFNFOUXBTJNQFEFECZAIVOHFS JMMOFTTBOEIPTUJMF burial grounds or killed in "CPSJHJOFT BTXFMMBTUIFDPNNBOEFS%BWJE$PMMJOT the bush.’ EJóDVMUZJONBOBHJOHBOAVOEFSNBOOFEBOESFCFMMJPVT #SJUJTINJMJUBSZUPFòFDUJWFMZTFDVSFUIFTFUUMFNFOUBHBJOTU DM 8259529 25 of 46 Page 29 of 49
the resistant local Aboriginal Above: MELBOURNE (Port Phillip) +PIO QFPQMF #PZDF *O "EBNTPO -JUIPHSBQI IBOEDPM ...the delightful FBSMZ$PMMJOTFWBDVBUFE 4UBUF-JCSBSZPG7JDUPSJB UIFBSFBJOGBWPVSPGUIFAXFMM and gained endorsement from tracts of LOPXOSFGVHFPG7BO%JFNFOT 4ZEOFZJO astoundingly -BOE7BO%JFNFOT-BOEXBT .FMCPVSOFHSFXSBQJEMZ5IF BMSFBEZLOPXO GSPNBDPMPOJTJOH FOWJSPONFOUIBEBMSFBEZ park-like grasslands QFSTQFDUJWF BTBOFBTJFSQMBDF changed dramatically by the were not a matter of UPSFTJEF XJUINBOZMPDBUJPOT UJNF5VOOFSNJOOFSXBJUBOE boasting plenty of game and .BVMCPZIFFOOFSXFSFIBOHFE luck or providence, GSFTIXBUFS"T#JMM(BNNBHFTSF öWFZFBSTMBUFS but evidence of TFBSDIXPVMETVHHFTU UIF delightful tracts of astoundingly #ZUIFFBSMZT UIFAPODF Aboriginal QBSLMJLFHSBTTMBOETXFSFOPUB CPVOUJGVMBOEIFBMUIZ:BSSB manipulation NBUUFSPGMVDLPSQSPWJEFODF CVU DBNQBOESJWFSXBTIFBWJMZ of the landscape. FWJEFODFPG"CPSJHJOBMNBOJQV QPMMVUFECZTFXFSBHFBOE MBUJPOPGUIFMBOETDBQF TMBVHIUFSIPVTFSFGVTFBOE APMEXPSMEEJTFBTFTTVDIBT UIFTJUFPG5VOOFSNJOOFSXBJUT $PMPOJTBUJPOPG7JDUPSJBXBT EZTFOUFSZ UZQIPJEIBEBQQFBSFE BOE.BVMCPZOFFOOFSTFYFDVUJPO SFBUUFNQUFEJOUIFFBSMZT BNPOHTU.FMCPVSOFTJOIBCJU JOPDDVSSJOHPOUIFCVTIJ CFHJOOJOHXJUITFBMBOEXIBMF BOUT #PZDF *OEFFE FTUDPSOFSPGUIFDJUZHSJETOPSUI hunting operations in Portland JUXBTEZTFOUFSZUIBUDMBJNFEUIF FBTUFSODPSOFS-PDBM"CPSJHJOBM BOE8FTUFSO1PSU BOEBOBU MJGFPG5SVHBOJOJTTUFQTPO1FUFS QFPQMF TMJHIUMZBQBSUGSPNUIF UFNQUFETFUUMFNFOUBU8FTUFSO #SVOFJO thousands of other Melbournian 1PSUJO0ODFUIF1PSU TQFDUBUPST DMJNCFEOFBSCZHVN Phillip Association and other 5IFQPQVMBUJPOBOEFBSMZCVJME USFFTUPXBUDIUIFFWFOUT early squatters established their JOHTJOUIFDJUZXFSFJOJUJBMMZDPO (Chronicles of Early Melbourne TFUUMFNFOUPOUIF:BSSBJO DFOUSBUFEBMPOHUIF:BSSB XJUI DM 8259529 26 of 46 CONNECTIONSPage BETWEEN 30 of 49 ABORIGINAL PEOPLE OF VICTORIA AND ABORIGINAL PEOPLE OFTASMANIA
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from the northern coast (including TUPSJFTBOEFWFOUTDPOOFDUFE BUUIBUUJNF 'FMT .FNCFSTPG GSPN5VOOFSNJOOFSXBJUTDPNNVOJUZ UP5VOOFSNJOOFSXBJUBOE UIF1PSU1IJMMJQ"TTPDJBUJPO BQQBS BU$BQF(SJN BOEUISFFXFSFGSPN Maulboyheenner form part of UIFTPVUIoJODMVEJOH5SVHBOJOJT UIJTDPOOFDUJPO Aboriginal people TJTUFST4PNFSFUVSOFE 5BZMPS 5IJTBMMIBQQFOFEQSJPSUP *BO"OEFSTPOIBTXSJUUFOPGUIF from Tasmania came or ,BOHBSPP*TMBOECFJOHQSPDMBJNFE DPOUSJCVUJPOPG5BTNBOJBO"CPSJHJOBM were brought to the QBSUPGBOFXDPMPOZoUIFDPMPOZPG QFPQMFAUPUIFPOHPJOHEFWFMPQNFOU 4PVUI"VTUSBMJB 5BZMPSTVH of Aboriginal communities in mainland, and gests that the seal hunting communi "VTUSBMJBJOQMBDFTTVDIBT,BOHBSPP Aboriginal people from UZXBTUIFOEJTQMBDFECZUIFAPóDJBM *TMBOE "CPSJHJOBMSFTFSWFDPNNVOJ TFUUMFST UJFT TVDIBT$PSBOEFSSLJO7JDUPSJB the mainland were BOE$VNNFSBHVOKBJO/FX4PVUI taken to Tasmania 5IFTUPSJFTPG5VOOFSNJOOFSXBJUBOE 8BMFT BOENBOZNPSF .BVMCPZIFFOFSSFMBUFUPUIFWBSJPVT 'VSUIFS "CPSJHJOBMQFPQMFGSPN under a variety of DPOOFDUJPOTCFUXFFO"CPSJHJOBM NBJOMBOE"VTUSBMJBXFSFAJNQPSUFE circumstances... DPNNVOJUJFTFJUIFSTJEFPG#BTT JOUP5BTNBOJB 5BZMPS BT 4USBJU5IFWJTJUPGUIF"CPSJHJOBM IFMQFSTBOEHPCFUXFFOTQSPWJE FOUMZIPOPVSJOHUIFJSUSFBUZ BEWPDBU QFPQMFXIPDBNFUP.FMCPVSOF JOH QFSIBQT BOPUIFSDPOEVJUGPS ed for justice to be done in relation to XJUI3PCJOTPONBZFWFOIBWF DPNNVOJUZBOELJODPOOFDUJPOT these crimes against Aboriginal SFTVMUFEJONBSSJBHFBOEDIJMESFO BMUIPVHITVDIWJTJUPSTXFSF QFPQMFJOUIF8FTUFSO1PSUBSFB HJWFOUIFMFOHUIPGUJNFTQFOUJO BNCJWBMFOUMZTJUVBUFEBTGBDJMJUBUPST #PZDF BOETPNF1SPUFD Port Phillip and the fact that some GPSJOWBEJOH&VSPQFBOT tors made unsuccessful attempts to PGUIPTFXIPDBNFBDSPTTXJUI SFUVSOBCEVDUFEXPNFOUPUIF1PSU 3PCJOTPOTUBZFEJO1PSU1IJMMJQ "CPSJHJOBMQFPQMFGSPN5BTNBOJB 1IJMJQ%JTUSJDU 'FMT 5IJTTQFBLT "CPSJHJOBMXPNFOBCEVDUFEGSPN DBNFPSXFSFCSPVHIUUPUIFNBJO to the contingent application of the mainland Australia certainly became MBOE BOE"CPSJHJOBMQFPQMFGSPNUIF #SJUJTISVMFPGMBXUPQSPTFDVUFDSJNFT QBSUPGUIF#BTT4USBJUDPNNVOJUZ NBJOMBOEXFSFUBLFOUP5BTNBOJB against Aboriginal people in the early GSPNXIPNNBOZPGUPEBZT VOEFSBWBSJFUZPGDJSDVNTUBODFT EBZTJO1PSU1IJMJQ 5BTNBOJBO"CPSJHJOBMQFPQMF JODMVEJOHBCEVDUJPOCZTFBMFST"T EFTDFOE OPUFEFBSMJFS "CPSJHJOBMQFPQMF *O,BOHBSPP*TMBOE PòUIFDPBTUPG TPNFUJNFTDIPTFUPUBLFVQTFBM 4PVUI"VTUSBMJB UIFSFXBTCZB JOHBOEXIBMJOHXPSLBOEUSBWFMMFE ATJHOJöDBOUTFUUMFNFOUPGBCPVU XJEFMZJOUIF4PVUI1BDJöD QFSIBQT UIJSUZNFO NPTUMZ&OHMJTI BOEGPSUZ BTBDIPJDFXIJDIFOBCMFEHSFBUFS "CPSJHJOBMXPNFO BTXFMMBT GSFFEPNBOEFWFOGSJFOETIJQXJUIJO AOVNFSPVTQSPHFOZ 5BZMPS ...at least in the experience of colonisation 5IFXPNFOPSJHJOBUFEoPGUFO 3VTTFMM 3ZBO 5IFSFBSF IBWJOHCFFOWJPMFOUMZBCEVDUFEo twenty-two also examples of Aboriginal people GSPN7BO%JFNFOT-BOEBOEUIF FNJHSBUJOHUP"PUFBSPB/FX;FBMBOE OFBSCZ4PVUI"VTUSBMJBONBJOMBOE women were JOUIFOJOFUFFOUIDFOUVSZ 3VTTFMM JODMVEJOH$BQF+FSWJTBOE&ODPVOUFS #BZ 5BZMPS 5IF*TMBOE taken to XBTTQJSJUVBMMZTJHOJöDBOUUPCVUOPU Kangaroo Island 5XPPG5SVHBOJOJTTJTUFSTXFSFUBLFO inhabited by the local Ngarrindjeri CZTFBMFSTUP,BOHBSPP*TMBOEPò "CPSJHJOBMQFPQMF 5BZMPS from Tasmania.
DM 8259529 27 of 46 Page 31 of 49 Conclusion: High Degree of Historical and Contemporary Significance
PMFBSOBCPVU5VOOFSNJOOFSXBJUBOE encounters Aboriginal protagonists of Maulboyheenner is to learn a set of UIJTTUPSZIBEXJUITFBMFST XIBMFSTBOE 5TJHOJöDBOUUIJOHTBCPVUFBSMZ TFUUMFST*NQPSUBOUMZ UIFZTUSFUDIGPSXBSE .FMCPVSOF5IFTUPSJFTBOEFWFOUT UPUIFSFQBUSJBUJPOPG5SVHBOJOJTSFNBJOT DPOOFDUFEUP5VOOFSNJOOFSXBJUBOE JO BOEGVSUIFSUPUIFPOHPJOH .BVMCPZIFFOOFS VOEFSTUPPEUISPVHI TUSVHHMFGPSDVMUVSBM QPMJUJDBMBOEMBOE UIFIJTUPSJDBMDPOUFYUJOXIJDIUIFZ SJHIUTPG"CPSJHJOBMQFPQMFJO5BTNBOJB PDDVSSFE BSFBCMFUPUFMMUIPTFXIPMJWF BOE7JDUPSJBUPEBZ PSWJTJUQSFTFOUEBZ.FMCPVSOFLFZBT pects of Aboriginal history in the city and 5IFQFUJUJPOBVUIPSFEBOETJHOFE CFZPOE5IFJSTUPSJFT BMPOHXJUIUIPTFPG CZ"CPSJHJOBMQFPQMFPO'MJOEFST*TMBOE 5SVHBOJOJ 1MBOPCFFOB 1ZUFSSVOFSBOE JODMVEJOHUIPTFXIPSFUVSOFEUP JUTFFNT 1SPCFMBUUFOFS UPVDIVQPOUIF 5BTNBOJBBGUFSUIFFWFOUGVMZFBSTJO history of crime and punishment in .FMCPVSOF JTBLFZNPNFOUJOUIJTMPOH FBSMZ.FMCPVSOF UIFFTUBCMJTINFOUPG IJTUPSZPGTUSVHHMF XIJDIFODPNQBTTFT .FMCPVSOFJOJUTXJEFSDPOUFYUPGDPOøJDU armed resistance and political campaign PWFSMBOE JNQPSUBOUMFHBMRVFTUJPOT JOH5IF"CPSJHJOBMQFPQMFPO'MJOEFST EFCBUFEBUUIFUJNF TVDIBTJOXIBU *TMBOEBSFSFDPHOJTFEBTJOTUJHBUJOHUIF DJSDVNTUBODFT#SJUJTIMBXTIPVMECF IJTUPSZPG"CPSJHJOBMQPMJUJDBMBDUJWJUZJO BQQMJFEUP"CPSJHJOBMQFPQMF UIFUSFBU "VTUSBMJBGSPNUIFMBUFTPOXBSET NFOUPG"CPSJHJOBMQFPQMFJO5BTNBOJB )FSFJO7JDUPSJB "CPSJHJOBMQFPQMFPO UIFNBOZIJTUPSJDBMBOEDPNNVOJUZMJOLT $PSBOEFSSLSFTFSWFBSFSFHBSEFEBT CFUXFFO1PSU1IJMMJQBOE7BO%JFNFOT AQSPCBCMZUIFöSTUUPTVTUBJOBQPMJUJDBM -BOE BOEOPUMFBTUUIFFYUSBPSEJOBSZ DBNQBJHO "UUXPPE.BSLVT TUPSZPGUIF"CPSJHJOBMQFPQMFXIP 5IFSFJTDPOUJOVJUZCFUXFFOUIF DBNFUP1PSU1IJMMJQGSPN5BTNBOJB political expression of the authors of the QFUJUJPOBOEUIBUPGUIFQSFTFOU 5IFTUPSJFTBOEUIFJSTJHOJöDBODFHPXFMM generation of Aboriginal people in CFZPOEUIFUISFFZFBSTGSPNUP 5BTNBOJB5IFDPOUFNQPSBSZQPMJUJDBM UIBUNPTUPGUIF"CPSJHJOBMQFPQMF BHFOEBTPG"CPSJHJOBMQFPQMFJO7JDUPSJB XIPDBNFUP1PSU1IJMJQXJUI(FPSHF JODMVEFUIFOFFEUPIBWFUIFTFJNQPSUBOU "VHVTUT3PCJOTPOTQFOUJO.FMCPVSOF TUPSJFTLOPXO BOEUISPVHIUIBU UPBTL 5IFZTUSFUDICBDLUPBUMFBTUUIFTJO XIBULOPXJOHUIFTFTUPSJFTDPVMETFUJO 7BO%JFNFOT-BOE UPUIFUJNFPGUIFöSTU USBJO
DM 8259529 28 of 46 Page 32 of 49 Forms for Monuments to Complex Histories
IFCPPLMFUUPUIJTQPJOUIBTEJTDVTTFEUIFIJTUPSJDBM 5TJHOJöDBODFPGUIFTUPSJFTDPOOFDUFEUP5VOOFSNJOOFSXBJUBOE .BVMCPZIFFOOFS*UIBTFTUBCMJTIFEUIBUUIFJSMJWFTBSFDPOOFDUFEUP LFZBTQFDUTPG"CPSJHJOBMIJTUPSZJOUIFDJUZBOECFZPOE
#FDBVTFUIFZBSFTPIJTUPSJDBMMZTJHOJöDBOU UIFSFJTBTUSPOHDBTF that these stories should be interpreted to the public through some GPSNPGDPNNFNPSBUJPOBOESFMBUFEDPNNVOJUZFEVDBUJPOBDUJWJ UJFT5IFDPNNVOJUZCBTFE5VOOFSNJOOFSXBJUBOE.BVMCPZIFFOOFS Commemmoration Committee has held a commemoration at the TJUFTPGUIFJSFYFDVUJPOBOECVSJBMFBDIZFBSPO+BOVBSZGPSUIF MBTUFJHIUZFBSTBOEIBTBEWPDBUFEGPSUIF$JUZPG.FMCPVSOFUP TVQQPSUBQFSNBOFOUDPNNFNPSBUJPO
5IFXPSLJOHHSPVQXIJDIBEWJTFEUIFSFTFBSDIGPSUIJTCPPLMFU DPOTJEFSFEUIFGPSNTUIBUBANPOVNFOUUPTVDIBIJTUPSZNBZ UBLFBOEVOBOJNPVTMZBHSFFEPOBDPODFQUVBMGSBNFXPSLGPSDPN NFNPSBUJPOUIBUJTTVJUBCMFGPSBIJTUPSZPGUIJTOBUVSF DPNQMFYJUZ BOEHSBWJUZ5IJTGSBNFXPSLUBLFTJOUPBDDPVOUEFWFMPQNFOUTJOUIF XBZTUIBUQVCMJDMZJNQPSUBOUIJTUPSJFTDBOCFDPNNFNPSBUFE5IF SFJOWFOUJPOPGUIFNPOVNFOUCZBSUJTUTBOETPNFBSDIJUFDUTPWFS UJNFIBTPòFSFEJOUFSFTUJOHBOEFOHBHJOHGPSNTGPSNPOVNFOUT*G JUXFSFSFDPNNFOEFEUPQVCMJDMZDPNNFNPSBUFUIFTFTUPSJFT UIF JTTVFTEFUBJMFECFMPXTIPVMECFDPOTJEFSFE5IFZDPVMECFVTFEJOB CSJFGUPBSUJTUTBOEQBSUPGBQSPDFTTPGDPNNJTTJPOJOHBXPSL
'VSUIFS UIFSFBSFBTFWFSBMGBDUPSTXIJDITVHHFTUBDSPTTQMBUGPSN SFTQPOTFCZ$PVODJMXPVMECFBQQSPQSJBUF5IFTFGBDUPSTBSFUIF MPXMFWFMPGFYJTUJOHQVCMJDLOPXMFEHF UIFSFMFWBODFUPNVMUJQMF BTQFDUTPGUIFDJUZTIJTUPSZ BOEUIFFYUSBPSEJOBSZDPOUFOUPGUIF IJTUPSZJUTFMG"DSPTTQMBUGPSNBQQSPBDIDPVMEJODMVEFUIFGPMMPXJOH DPNNJTTJPOFENPOVNFOUTJUFTQFDJöDJOTUBMMBUJPO POMJOF CPPL UIFBUSF FYIJCJUJPO PQFOTUVEJP FEVDBUJPOBMNBUFSJBMTBOEMFDUVSFT
DM 8259529 29 of 46 The ReinventionPage 33 of 49 of Monuments
IFSFBSFNBOZXBZTUP DPOWFOUJPOBMNPOVNFOUTJTTPNFUJNFT DPNNFNPSBUFQFPQMFPSFWFOUT FYQSFTTFEJOUFSNTPGTVCKFDUNBUUFS 5Familiar forms for monuments include by bringing hidden and marginalised MBSHF IFBWZ BVUIPSJUBUJWFNPOPMJUITPS IJTUPSJFTJOUPWJFX BOEPSJOUFSNTPG öHVSFTMPDBUFEJOPOFDFOUSBMQVCMJD GPSN CZCFJOHTNBMM NVMUJQMF EJTQFSTFE MPDBUJPO5IJTAMBOHVBHFIBTHFOFSBMMZ BOESFMBUJWFMZPQFOFOEFEJOUFSNTPGUIF deployed for subject matter such as AUBLFIPNFNFTTBHF5IFZBSFTPNFUJNFT PóDJBMIJTUPSZBOEQBSUJDVMBSUZQFT temporary or ephemeral if that is PGQFPQMFMPOHTFSWJOHHPWFSOPST BQQSPQSJBUFUPUIFTVCKFDUNBUUFS5IF FYQMPSFST GPVOEJOHGBUIFSTBOETPPO JNQPSUBODFPGPQFOFOEFEOFTTJOUIF )PXFWFS PWFSUJNF BHSFBUFSWBSJFUZ NFBOJOHDPOWFZFECZBNPOVNFOUJT PGQFPQMFBOEIJTUPSJFTIBWFCFFOUIF UIBUJUJOWJUFTEFCBUFBOEPOHPJOHJOUFS TVCKFDUPGQVCMJDDPNNFNPSBUJPO5IF QSFUBUJPOSBUIFSUIBOCFJOHEJEBDUJD5IJT GPSNTUIBUNPOVNFOUTIBWFUBLFOIBT QSPNPUFTBTFOTFPGTPNFUIJOHMJWJOH BMTPDIBOHFE TPUIBUDPNNFNPSBUJPO BOEPOHPJOHUIBUDBOQPTFRVFTUJPOTUP DBOCFFYQSFTTFEJOXBZTPUIFSUIBOB BOEDPOUJOVFUPTUJNVMBUFQBTTFSTCZPWFS öHVSBUJWFTUBUVFPGBOPUBCMFQFSTPO UJNF5IBUTBJE UIFUSBJUPGQFSNBOFODF in a monument can be important for 5IJTFWPMVUJPOJOUIFGPSNTBOETVCKFDU DPOWFZJOHUIFTFOTFUIBUUIFIJTUPSZUIFZ matter for monuments has at times EFBMXJUINBUUFST TQBSLFEDPOUSPWFSTZ CVUIBTBMTP generated greater public interest in 'PSOBSSBUJWFTBOETUPSJFTUIBUBSFBCPVU BOELOPXMFEHFBCPVUDJUJFTIJTUPSJFT SFTJTUBODFPSBMUFSOBUJWFTUPHSBOE 4PNFPCTFSWFSTIBWFQPJOUFEPVUUIBU JNQFSJBMFWFOUTBOEIJTUPSJFT UIFOFX OJOFUFFOUIDFOUVSZNPOVNFOUT XIJMF MBOHVBHFGPSNPOVNFOUTJTBQQSPQSJBUF GBNJMJBS BSFOPOOFVUSBMJOUIBUUIFZ 5IFZPòFSBOJOUFSFTUJOHBOEFOHBHJOH QSPKFDUBDFSUBJOWJFXPGUIFQBTU WJFXUPNFNCFSTPGUIFQVCMJDBOEDBO BOEBENJUOPRVFTUJPOJOH8IJMF QSPWPLFQFPQMFUPUIJOLEJòFSFOUMZBCPVU VCJRVJUPVTJOUIFDJUZ NBOZ UIFQMBDFTUIFZJOIBCJUBOEGSFRVFOU monuments are barely noticeable .PSSJT 5IJTNBZCFCFDBVTF &YBNQMFTPGOPOöHVSBUJWFNPOVNFOUT JOTPNFNPOVNFOUT UIFJOUFOEFE JOUIFDPOWFOUJPOBMMBOHVBHFBCPVOE NFBOJOHJTTUSBJHIUGPSXBSEBOEUIFZ UISPVHIPVU7JDUPSJBBOEJODMVEFUIF EPOUBTLBOZUIJOHPGUIFQVCMJD5IF 1JPOFFSTNPOVNFOUJO'MBHTUBò(BSEFOT SFJOWFOUJPOPGNPOVNFOUTJTUIFSFGPSF the Monument to Angus McMillan in BXFMDPNFSFTQPOTFUPUIFHSFBU #BJSOTEBMF BOEUIFNPOVNFOUi*O challenge of creating something that memory of the Aborigines of this generates ongoing interest in and EJTUSJDUwJO$BNQFSEPXO$FNFUFSZ FOHBHFNFOUCZUIFQVCMJD "MMPGUIFTFIBWFUIFTBNFCBTJDTIBQFPG BTRVBSF TUPOFCBTFBOEBWFSUJDBMDPMVNO "SUJTUTBTXFMMBTBSDIJUFDUTIBWFBMXBZT XIJDIUBQFSTTMJHIUMZBTJUSJTFTUPBCPVU CFFOBUUIFGPSFGSPOUPGöOEJOHOFX UPNFUSFTJOIFJHIU GPSNTGPSNPOVNFOUTBOEOFXXBZT UPFYQSFTTDPNNFNPSBUJPO/FX GPSNTBOEXBZTUPDPNNFNPSBUF DBODIBMMFOHFXIJDIIJTUPSJFTBSF SFNFNCFSFEBOEIPXXFDPNNFNP SBUFUIFN5IFSFMBUJPOTIJQPGOFXUP
DM 8259529 30 of 46 Page 34 of 49 Examples of monuments to related histories
GUIFBQQSPYJNBUFMZ 0monuments erected in .FMCPVSOF UIFSFIBWFCFFO öWFSFMBUFEUP*OEJHFOPVT people (see Monument "VTUSBMJBXFCTJUF 5XPPG UIFTFIBWFCFFOQBSUJBMMZPS XIPMMZEFDPNNJTTJPOFEPS NPWFEUPMFTTQSPNJOFOUTJUFT -JLFXJTFJO5BTNBOJB UIF number of monuments to *OEJHFOPVTQFPQMFJTGBS PVUXFJHIFECZUIFOVNCFS PGNPOVNFOUTUPTFUUMFNFOU exploration and colonial HPWFSONFOU
5IF$JUZPG.FMCPVSOF IBTQSFWJPVTMZTVQQPSUFE a commemoration of the IBOHJOHPG5VOOFSNJOOFSXBJUBOE NPOVNFOUTCZJOTUBMMJOHBMUFSOBUJWF Above: Lie of the Land 'JPOB'PMFZ Maulboyheenner as part of the representations next to those TBOETUPOF1IPUP$PMJO#PHHBST 5IFXPSL NPOVNFOUBMTDBMFTMBCTPGTUPOF JT A"OPUIFSWJFXXBMLJOHUSBJM1BUIXBZ NPOVNFOUT4PNFJOTUBMMBUJPOT TIPXOJOJUTUFNQPSBSZMPDBUJPOJOGSPOUPG PGUIFSBJOCPXTFSQFOU DPOTUSVDUFE BMPOHUIFUSBJMBMTPGFMMJOUPWBSZJOH UIF.FMCPVSOF5PXO)BMM 4XBOTUPO4U JO45IFXBMLJOHUSBJMQSPKFDU degrees of disrepair prior to being .FMCPVSOF XIFSFJUJODMVEFEBOFMFNFOUCZ SFBMJTFECZBSUJTUT.FHBO&WBOT 3BZ EFDPNNJTTJPOFE$PVODJMDPOTJE UIFTPVOEBSUJTU$ISJT,OPXMFT5IFXPSLJT 5IPNBTBOESFTFBSDIFS3PCFSU.BUF FSFEBEWJDFUIBUUIFJOUFSQSFUBUJPO QFSNBOFOUMZIPVTFEBU.FMCPVSOF.VTFVN .BUF SFDFJWFETJHOJöDBOUNBUFSJBM PGUIFIBOHJOHPG5VOOFSNJOOFSXBJU support from the City of Melbourne BOE.BVMCPZIFFOOFSPòFSFECZUIF PVUTJEFUIF5PXO)BMM CFDPNJOH JOUIFGPSNPGDPPSEJOBUJPO GVOEJOH "OPUIFS7JFX8BMLJOH5SBJMDPVME UIBUCVJMEJOHTDPVOUFSNPOVNFOU BOENBJOUFOBODFVOUJMJUXBTEF IBWFCFFONPSFJOEFQUI 5IFNPOVNFOUQSPWPLFERVFTUJPOT DPNNJTTJPOFETPNFZFBSTMBUFS5IJT BCPVUUIFNFBOJOH JOUFSQSFUBUJPO TVQQPSUGSPN$PVODJMXBTBSFTQPOTF 'JPOB'PMFZT5IF-JFPG5IF-BOEJT BOESFMFWBODFPGUIF5SFBUZJOUIF UPUIFöSTUSFQPSUPGUIF$PVODJMPO POFPGUIFCFTUFYBNQMFTPGBOFX QSFTFOUBOEGVUVSFMJGFPGUIFDJUZ5IF "CPSJHJOBM3FDPODJMJBUJPO5IBUTBJE NPOVNFOU PSDPVOUFSNPOVNFOU XPSLJTOPXMPDBUFEBU.FMCPVSOF the City of Melbourne apparently that Melbourne has experienced .VTFVN BTJUFXIJDIEPFTOPUTFSWF struggled to balance competing BOEEFBMTXJUIUIFFBSMZZFBSTPG UPBDDFOUVBUFUIFNFBOJOH JOUFOTJUZ WJFXTPGUIFIJTUPSZSFQSFTFOUFEJO UIFDJUZ.POVNFOUBMTDBMFTMBCT BOEWJTJCJMJUZPGUIFXPSL "UUXPPE UIFXBMLJOHUSBJM XIJDIJUSFQPSUFEMZ PGTUPOF JOTDSJCFEXJUIUIFXPSET NPEJöFEQSJPSUPDPOTUSVDUJPO CMBOLFUT øPVS LOJWFT TDJTTPST 0UIFS"CPSJHJOBMBSUJTUTXIPBSF .PSSJT 5IFXBMLJOHUSBJM UPNBIBXLT SFGFSSJOHUPUIFJUFNT engaged in similar practices include JOUFOEFEUPQSPWPLFEFCBUF +PIO#BUNBODMBJNFEIFFYDIBOHFE #SPPL"OESFXBOE+POBUIBO+POFT BCPVUUIFXBZJOXIJDIUIFDJUZT XJUI8VSVOEKFSJFMEFSTVOEFSUIF #SPPL"OESFXT+VNQJOH$BTUMF8BS IJTUPSZXBTSFQSFTFOUFEJOFYJTUJOH UFSNTPGIJT5SFBUZ XFSFJOTUBMMFE .FNPSJBMJTBGVMMTDBMFKVNQJOH
45IFUSBJMQMBDFTAQSPWPDBUJWFTNBMMTDBMFJOTUBMMBUJPOTPSUSBJMNBSLFSTJOQSPYJNJUZUPWBSJPVTLJOETPGVSCBOiNPOVNFOUTw JOBOBUUFNQU UPEFGBDFBDPMPOJBMJTUSFQSFTFOUBUJPOPG.FMCPVSOFTIJTUPSZBOEQSFTFOUA5IFJOTUBMMBUJPO
Left: Library, #FCFMQM#FSMJO .JDIB6MMNBO
Right: Stolpersteine,(VOUFS%FNOJH 1IPUP,BSJO3JDIFSU ...the monument is always moving and different, according to the sky,
castle that mixes fun and NPOVNFOUTUIBUPGUIFMJWJOH GSPN/BHBTBLJ,BLJUSFFTIBWFOPX NBDBCSFFMFNFOUT*UQSFTFOUTB BMXBZTDIBOHJOHCPUBOJDBMGPSN CFFOQMBOUFEJOBUMFBTUQMBDFT HBSJTIQSPWPDBUJPOUPKVNQVQ JODPVOUSJFTJOBMJWJOH FYQBOE BOEEPXOPOUIFTVCKFDUNBUUFS 4FWFO5IPVTBOE0BLT BXPSL JOHQSPKFDUJOWPMWJOHUIPVTBOETPG the memory of those Aboriginal CZUIF(FSNBOBSUJTU UIFMBUF TDIPPMDIJMESFO QFPQMFXIPEJFEJOUIFXBSPG +PTFQI#FVZT JTQFSIBQTUIFNPTU SFTJTUBODFUPDPMPOJ[BUJPO famous of such botanical monu 5IFSFBSFNBOZPUIFSJOUFSOBUJPOBM NFOUT*UCFHBOBTBIVHFQJMF BSUJTUTDVSSFOUMZBDUJWFJODSFBUJOH +POBUIBO+POFTQSPQPTFEUP of basalt stones arranged in the BOEUIJOLJOHBCPVUOFXGPSNTGPS QMBOUBDPSSJEPSPGXBUUMFUSFFT TIBQFPGBOBSSPX QPJOUJOHUPB NPOVNFOUT5IJTXPSLIBTHFOFS BMMUIFXBZBMPOHUIF:BSSB3JWFS TJOHMFPBLUSFFQMBOUFECZUIFBSU ated some of the most interesting CFUXFFOUIF/BUJPOBM(BMMFSZPG JTU XJUIUIFBOOPVODFNFOUUIBU BOEFGGFDUJWFDPNNFNPSBUJPOT 7JDUPSJBJODFOUSBM.FMCPVSOFBOE UIFTUPOFTDPVMEOPUCFSFNPWFE PGEJGGJDVMUIJTUPSJFT'PSJOTUBODF UIFTJUFPGUIF$PSBOEFSSLSFTFSWF VOMFTTNPSFUSFFTXFSFQMBOUFE TFWFSBMPGUIFCFTUFYBNQMFTEFBM OFBS)FBMFTWJMMF BTBOBSUXPSL *UOPXDPOTJTUTPGPBLUSFFT XJUIthe histories and legacies of UPIPOPVSUIF8VSVOEKFSJMFBEFS BOEBSFEVDFENBTTPGTUPOF /B[J(FSNBOZ BOEBSUJTU 8JMMJBN#BSBLBOEUP BOEMJLFNBOZPUIFSNPOVNFOUT TFSWFBTBDPOTUBOUSFNJOEFSPG CBTFEPOUIFJEFBPGUSFFQMBOUJOH #VJMUJOUPBQMB[B UIJTVOEFSHSPVOE JNQPSUBOUIJTUPSJFT5IFBOOVBM CPUIJOWPLFTUIFMPOHUSBEJUJPO SPPNPGFNQUZCPPLTIFMWFTJTB GMPXFSJOHPGUIFXBUUMFJTBXBZUP of planting trees as memorials NFNPSJBMUPUIF/B[JCPPL SFNFNCFS#BSBLTEFBUI XIJDI BOEJOJUTTDBMF BOEIBTJOWPMWFE CVSOJOH UIFA/JHIUPG4IBNF BTIFQSFEJDUFE XPVMEPDDVS TJHOJGJDBOUQVCMJDQBSUJDJQBUJPO XIJDIUPPLQMBDFBUUIBUTJUF5IF XIFOUIFXBUUMFCMPPNFE#BSBL 8IJMFUIJTJTOFWFSTUBUFECZUIF UIJDLHMBTTTIFFUUISPVHIXIJDI and larger delegations of people BSUJTU #FVZTNPOVNFOUJTVOEFS UIFSPPNJTWJTJCMFJOQBSUSFGMFDUT GSPN$PSBOEFSSLXBMLFEUP TUPPEBTCFJOHBCPVUUIF(FSNBO UIFTLZ TPUIFNPOVNFOUJTBMXBZT .FMCPVSOFTFWFSBMUJNFT historical experience of the NPWJOHBOEEJGGFSFOU BDDPSEJOH particularly during their UXFOUJFUIDFOUVSZ UPUIFBQQFBSBODFPGUIFTLZ BOE DBNQBJHOPGUIFT UIFSPPNJUTFMGBQQFBSTHIPTUMJLF 5IF+BQBOFTFBSUJTU5BUTVP amidst the refection of clouds and 5IFGPSNPG+POFTQSPQPTFE .JZBKJNBBNQMJGJFEUIFXPSLPGB UIFJNBHFPGPOMPPLFST6OMJLF monument –UIFXBZUIBU USFFEPDUPSUPUVSOBOBDDJEFOUBM UIFDMBTTJDBMNPOVNFOU XIPTF UIFCPVOEBSZCFUXFFOUIF NPOVNFOUUPUIFSFWJWBMPGUIF WFSUJDBMBQQFBSBODFJTEFTJHOFEUP NPOVNFOUBOEUIFSFBMXPSMEJT DJUZPG/BHBTBLJBGUFSUIFBUPNJD BDDFOUVBUFJUTWJTJCJMJUZ 6MMNBOT not clear – suggests that there CPNCPGJOUPBXPSMEXJEF monument is only noticeable at JTBMTPOPDMFBSMJOFCFUXFFOPVS HSPXJOHQSPKFDUGPSQFBDF5IF a distance indirectly through the MJWFTBOEPVSQBTU+POFTBTZFU 3FWJWF5JNF,BLJ5SFFQSPKFDUJO clusters of people gathered to VOSFBMJTFEXPSLJTBOFYBNQMFPG WPMWFTQSPQBHBUJOHBOEQMBOUJOH HFUIFS MPPLJOHEPXOXBSET BOE BOPUIFSEFWFMPQNFOUJOBSUJTUT trees that originated as cuttings POMZCFDPNFTWJTJCMFEJSFDUMZBUB UIJOLJOHBCPVUGPSNTGPS GSPNBMPOF TVSWJWJOHLBLJUSFF NPSFJOUJNBUFWJFXJOHEJTUBODF
DM 8259529 32 of 46 Page 36 of 49 4UPMQFSTUFJOF ATUVNCMJOHCMPDLT TUVEFOUWPMVOUFFST FOHSBWFEXJUI PSADPCCMFTUPOFT BSFTNBMM DPC UIFOBNFTPGUIF+FXJTI CMFTUPOFTJ[FECSBTTNFNPSJBMT DFNFUFSJFTUIBUXFSFJOVTFJOUIF &BDIPOFJTBNFNPSJBMUPBOJO DPVOUSZCFGPSFUIF4FDPOE8PSME ...monuments EJWJEVBMWJDUJNPG/B[JTN NPTUMZ 8BS BOESFQMBDFE FOHSBWFETJEF +FXTCVUJODMVEJOHBMMUIPTFXIP EPXO5IFXPSLXBTJOJUJBMMZDPO that are XFSFQFSTFDVUFE4UPMQFSTUFJOF EVDUFEXJUIPVUBOZLJOEPGQFSNJT deliberately BSFTFUJOUPUIFQBWFNFOUJOGSPOU TJPO CVUSFUSPTQFDUJWFMZHBJOFE of the last address of choice of UIFBQQSPWBMPGUIF horizontal UIFWJDUJNBOESFDPSETUIFGBUFPG QSPWJODJBMQBSMJBNFOU XIJDI UIPTFEFQPSUFE*UJTBOPOHPJOH SFOBNFEUIFTRVBSF5IF4RVBSF focus attention QSPKFDUXJUIPWFS 4UPMQFS 0G5IF*OWJTJCMF.POVNFOU 1MBU[ TUFJOFMBJEJOTFWFSBMDPVOUSJFTJO EFTVOTJDIUCBSFO.BIONBMT *O on the ground &VSPQFTPGBS NBLJOHUIFQSPKFDU JUTPXOEFMJCFSBUFJOWJTJCJMJUZ(FS[ on which we UIFXPSMETMBSHFTUNFNPSJBM GJOETBXBZXJUIUIJTNPOVNFOU UPEFBMXJUIBIJTUPSZUIBUXBT walk #PUIPGUIFTFFYBNQMFTBSF BCPVUNBLJOHTPNFUIJOHJOWJTJCMF monuments that are deliberately PCMJUFSBUJOHBMM+FXJTIQFPQMF BOE IPSJ[POUBMSBUIFSUIBOWFSUJDBM through the destruction of most
MJLFBDMBTTJDBMNPOVNFOUPS PGUIPTFDFNFUFSJFT BMM TUBUVF BOEGPDVTBUUFOUJPOPOUIF traces of their long existence HSPVOEPOXIJDIXFXBMLXIBUJT BT(FSNBOT5IFNPOVNFOU GVOEBNFOUBMUPVT XIBUIBT BMTPXPSLTWFSZEJGGFSFOUMZGSPNUIF IBQQFOFEUIFSF BOEIPXXF DMBTTJDBMGPSNGPSNPOVNFOUTXIJDI DBOOPUFTDBQFCFJOHJOWPMWFEJO BSFEFTJHOFEUPCFIJHIMZWJTJCMF5IF ...we cannot UIFJNQMJDBUJPOTPGUIFTFFWFOUT SFJOWFOUJPOPGNPOVNFOUTJOUPUIFTF escape being through our inhabitation of the radically different contemporary forms QMBDFXIFSFUIFZIBQQFOFE addresses the insight that that be involved in the cause classical monuments supply the Another such monument is the WJFXFSXJUIBOPCWJPVTBOEDPNQMFUFE implications of DIBMMFOHJOH+PDIFO(FS[XPSL NFTTBHFUIFZJSPOJDBMMZBUUBJOJOWJTJCJM these events XIJDIJTTFUJOUPUIFTRVBSF JUZXFTJNQMZXBMLQBTUUIFN(FS[T in front of the parliament XPSLSFMJFTPOUIFJOUFSBDUJPOCFUXFFO through our PGBQSPWJODJBM(FSNBOUPXO a public space and a mental space 4BBSCSàDLFO5IFXPSLJTJOWJTJCMF – the place of imagination – as the inhabitation of CVUFWFSZPOFLOPXTJUJTUIFSF NFBOTGPSIJTXPSL QFSIBQTSFGMFDUJOH the place where *UDPOTJTUTPG DPCCMFTUPOFT UIFQMBDFXIFSFUIFTFIJTUPSJFTNPTU XIJDIXFSFTFDSFUMZEVHVQGSPN QPXFSGVMMZMJWFBOEBDUVQPOVTJOPVS they happened. the square by the artist and many UIJOLJOH
DM 8259529 33 of 46 Page 37 of 49
Monuments and Rituals
DM 8259529 34 of 46 Page 38 of 49
GFBUVSFPGQVCMJDDPNNFNPSBUJPOUIBUIBTTVSWJWFEUIFNBOZDIBOHFT A JOGPSNBOETVCKFDUNBUUFSGPSNPOVNFOUTJTUIFJSBTTPDJBUJPOXJUIPUIFS SJUVBMT'PSFYBNQMF UIFVOWFJMJOHPGBNPOVNFOUNBZCFDFMFCSBUFEXJUIUIF DPNNJTTJPOJOHPGBQJFDFPGNVTJDPSUIFEFMJWFSZPGBTQFFDIPSUIFQMBOUJOHPG BUSFF.POVNFOUTNBZCFBDUJWBUFEBOOVBMMZWJBBQSPDFTTJPOPSNBSDI
5IF4ISJOFPG3FNFNCSBODFBOEUIF"VTUSBMJBO8BS.FNPSJBMBSFUIFMPDBUJPOT GPSBOOVBMEBXOTFSWJDFT"DPNNFNPSBUJWFTFSWJDFJTIFMEBOOVBMMZBUUIFTJUF PGUIFNPOVNFOUUPUIF.ZBMM$SFFL.BTTBDSF BQMBRVFPOBMBSHFHSBOJUFSPDL VOWFJMFEJO FBDI+VOFMPOHXFFLFOE#ZQMBDJOHBOEBEEJOHTUPOFTUIFSF QFPQMFIBWFDSFBUFEBDBJSOBMPOHTJEFUIFNPOVNFOU
*TSBFMJBSUJTU:BFM#BSUBOBTNPOVNFOUUPUIF)PMPDBVTUBOEXIBUJUNFBOTGPSBMM XIPMJWFJO(FSNBOZUPEBZFYJTUTPOMZBTBSJUVBM*OTQJSFECZUIF*TSBFMJOBUJPOBM IPMJEBZBOENFNPSJBMEBZUIBUDPNNFNPSBUFTUIFWJDUJNTBOESFTJTUBODF öHIUFSTPGUIF)PMPDBVTUJOXIJDITJSFOTCMBTUBOEUIFFOUJSFQPQVMBUJPO PCTFSWFTUXPNJOVUFTPGTJMFODF #BSUBOBUSBOTQPTFTUIFSJUVBMUPUIFNBKPS (FSNBODJUZPG$PMPHOF5IFNFBOJOHFBDIJOEJWJEVBMNBLFTXIJMFUIFZVOEFS UBLF5XP.JOVUFTPG4UBOETUJMMJTVQUPUIFN CVUFWFSZPOFJTQSPWPLFEUPUIJOL PSSFGVTFUPUIJOL BCPVUUIFDPOTFRVFODFTPGUIF)PMPDBVTUJOUIFQSFTFOUEBZ
5IFSFBSFNBOZPUIFSQPTTJCJMJUJFTGPSBMJWJOH POHPJOHSJUVBMBTTPDJBUFEXJUIB QFSNBOFOUXPSL5IFTFJODMVEFDPNNJTTJPOJOHBQMBZ EFWFMPQJOHXBMLJOHUPVST BOOVBMUBMLTPS.FMCPVSOF$POWFSTBUJPOT QSPWJEJOHBXPSLTIPQPSPQFOTUVEJP GPSNFNCFSTPGUIFQVCMJDUPDSFBUFUIFJSPXONPOVNFOUUPUIFIJTUPSJFT DPODFSOFE BOEXFCCBTFEGPSNTZFUUPCFJNBHJOFE
5IFBEPQUJPOPGNPSFUIBOPOFFMFNFOUGPSBQVCMJDDPNNFNPSBUJPO JODMVEJOH POHPJOHPQQPSUVOJUJFTGPSJOUFSQSFUBUJPO IBTUIFBEWBOUBHFPGBEESFTTJOHUIF QSPCMFNUIBUGPSIJTUPSJFTPGHSFBUDPNQMFYJUZBOETJHOJöDBODF BTJOHMF NPOVNFOUXJMMOPUTVóDF
DM 8259529 35 of 46 Page 39 of 49 Conclusion
5IJTCPPLMFUIBTFYQMBJOFECPUIUIF importance of the stories connected to 5VOOFSNJOOFSXBJUBOE.BVMCPZIFFOOFS and has established a conceptual frame XPSLGPSUIFJSDPNNFNPSBUJPOXIJDI DPVMEEFBMXJUIUIFTFTUPSJFTDPNQMFYJUZ *UJTJOUFOEFEBTBTUFQUPXBSETHSFBUFS QVCMJDLOPXMFEHFPGUIFTFTUPSJFTBOE UIFJSFWFOUVBMTVCTUBOUJBM DPNNFNPSBUJPO
DM 8259529 36 of 46 Page 40 of 49
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DM 8259529 37 of 46 Page 41 of 49 Appendix 1 Aboriginal people from Van Diemen’s Land brought to Port Phillip by Robinson, and those who returned /PUFUIBUWBSJPVTBVUIPSTHJWFEJòFSFOUOVNCFST OBNFTBOEEFUBJMT 5IFSFGPSFUIJTMJTUSFNBJOTQSPWJTJPOBM
5SVHBOJOJ 3FUVSOFE
8PPSBEEZ QBSUOFSPG5SVHBOJOJ %JFEPOUIFSFUVSOKPVSOFZ
1FUFS#SVOZ#SVOF 8PPSBEEZTTPO %JFEJO1PSU1IJMMJQ%JTUSJDU
%BWZ#SVOZ#SVOF 8PPSBEEZTTPO 3FUVSOFE
5VOOFSNJOOFSXBJU+BDLPG$BQF(SJN &YFDVUFE
1MBOPCFFOB'BOOZ QBSUOFSPG5VOOFSNJOOFSXBJU 3FUVSOFE
8BMUFS"SUIVS 3FUVSOFE
.BSZ"OO QBSUOFSPG8BMUFS"SUIVS 3FUVSOFE
1SPCFMBUUFOFS*TBBD-BDLMBZ %JTBQQFBSFE
1ZUFSSVOOFS.BZUFQVFNJOOFS.BUJMEB3FUVSOFE QBSUOFSPG1SPCFMBUUFOFS
.BVMCPZIFFOOFS#PC5JNNZ 4FNFSBNJT+FOOZ &YFDVUFE .BVMCPZIFFOFSTXJGF XBTUPHPUP1PSU1IJMMJQCVU EJFEPOUIFFWFPGEFQBSUVSF
$IBSMPUUF,BMMPPOHPP ,BVSOBXPNBOA/FX)PMMBOE 4UBZFEJO1PSU1IJMMJQ%JTUSJDU TFBMJOHXPNBO
+PIOOZ'SBOLMJO $IBSMPUUFTTPO 4UBZFEJO1PSU1IJMMJQ%JTUSJDU
3FCFDDB %JFEJO1PSU1IJMMJQ%JTUSJDU
5IPNBT5IPNQTPO
+BDL"MMFO CSPVHIUCZ+PIO#BUNBO 3FUVSOFE
DM 8259529 38 of 46 Page 42 of 49 Appendix 2 List of whalers in the party from Lady’s Bay
8JMMJBN$PPL ,JMMFEJO8FTUFSO1PSU"4ZEOFZOBUJWF BDDPSEJOHUP 8BUTPOTFWJEFODF $PVMECFUIF8JMMJBN$PPLCPSO UP#FOKBNJOBOE"OOJOJO/48 CBQUJTFE #JSUIT%FBUITBOE.BSSJBHFTSFDPSET
5IF:BOLFF ,JMMFEJO8FTUFSO1PSU/PULOPXOCZBOZOBNFPUIFS UIBO:BOLFF
4BNVFM&WBOT "CTFOUGPSUSJBMCVUHBWFBTUBUFNFOUGPSUIF EFQPTJUJPO
5IPNBT3PCJOT (JWFTFWJEFODFBUUSJBM
)PXBSE /PUIJOHNPSFLOPXO
/FE /PUIJOHNPSFLOPXO5IFSFJTBMXBZTBDIBODFJUDPVME IBWFCFFO/FE5PNMJOT BXIBMFSXJUIBO"CPSJHJOBM QBSFOUXIPXPSLFEBU1PSUMBOEBOE/FX;FBMBOE
DM 8259529 39 of 46 AppendixPage 3 43 of 49 Sources Consulted OFFICIAL AND PUBLISHED MANUSCRIPT SOURCES
$BOOPO .JDIBFM1VCMJD3FDPSE0óDF7JDUPSJB the despatches of the governors of the Australian colonies, Historical Records of Victoria. Foundation series.7JDUPSJBO with the reports of the protectors of aborigines, and any (10 .FMCPVSOF other correspondence to illustrate the condition of the aboriginal population of the said colonies, from the date $IBNCFSMBJO 4VTBO7JDUPSJB"SDIBFPMPHJDBM4VSWFZ of the last papers laid before Parliament on the subject, Sealing, whaling & early settlement of Victoria : (papers ordered by the House of Commons to be printed, an annotated bibliography of historical sources.%FQUPG "VHVTU OP )PVTFPG$PNNPOT <-POEPO> $POTFSWBUJPOBOE&OWJSPONFOU <.FMCPVSOF > 3PCJOTPO (FPSHF"VHVTUVT$MBSL *BO% %SFEHF +BNFT8 .BOVTDSJQU5IF)BOHJOH The journals of George Augustus Robinson, chief PG5XP"CPSJHJOBMT GSPNUIF%JBSZPG+BNFT8 protector, Port Phillip Aboriginal Protectorate. Heritage %SFEHF*OLa Trobe Library Journal. .BUUFST .FMCPVSOF
'SBVFOGFMEFS 1FUFS Social conditions & political life : the colonial experience, Port Phillip district.&EVDBUJPO $FOUSF 4UBUF-JCSBSZPG7JDUPSJB <.FMCPVSOF>
(SFBU#SJUBJO1BSMJBNFOU)PVTFPG$PNNPOT Return to an address of the Honourable The House of Commons, dated 5 August 1844, for, copies or extracts from NEWSPAPERS
Port Philip Gazette
Port Philip Herald
Port Philip Advertiser SECONDARY SOURCES CONSULTED
"NFSZ 3PC ,BVSOBJO5BTNBOJB"$BTFPG.JT "UUXPPE #BJO%PZMF )FMFO Possession : Bat- UBLFO*EFOUJUZ*OAboriginal History. man’s treaty and the matter of history..JFHVOZBI1SFTT $BSMUPO 7JD "OEFSTPO * "QFPQMFXIPIBWFOPIJTUPSZ *O" +PIOTUPO.3PMMT &ET Reading Robinson: Companion "UUXPPE #BJO.BSLVT "OESFX The struggle for Essays to Friendly Mission QQ )PCBSU2VJOUVT Aboriginal rights : a documentary history."MMFO6OXJO 1VCMJTIJOH 4U-FPOBSET /48
DM 8259529 40 of 46 Page 44 of 49 "VTUSBMJBO#SPBEDBTUJOH$PNNJTTJPO A5SVHBOJOJT 'JOO &ENVOE$BOOPO .JDIBFM 4XJGU /FJM UJNFBTBCVTISBOHFS ABC Radio National Hindsight UI The chronicles of early Melbourne, 1835 to 1852: 'FCSVBSZ IUUQQJOOBDMFUJNFTXPSEQSFTTDPN historical anecdotal and personal $FOUFOOJBMFE UBHUBTNBOJBOBCPSJHJOFT
#PZDF +BNFT The founding of Melbourne & (BNNBHF #JMM The biggest estate on earth : how the conquest of Australia.#MBDL*OD $PMMJOHXPPE 7JD Aborigines made Australia."MMFO6OXJO $SPXT/FTU /48 $BNFSPO 1BUTZ.JMMFS -JOO Carne neemerranner: telling places and history on the (PPDI 3VUI7JDUPSJB Seal Rocks and Victoria’s HSPVOE*OAustralian Journal of Indigenous Education. primitive beginnings TUFE 8BSSBOHJOF8PSE )BTUJOHT 4VQQMFNFOU 7JD
$IJMET ,FWJO 3FNFNCFSJOH5IPTF8IP8FOU )PSUPO 5IPNBT.PSSJT ,FOOFUI The Andersons 'JSTU*OAustralian Rationalist,5IF of Western Port.#BTT7BMMFZ)JTUPSJDBM4PDJFUZ 4M
$MBSL *BO%,PTUBOTLJ -BVSB4UPOOJOHUPO$PVODJM -BXSFODF 4VTBO Whalers and free men : life on 7JD An indigenous history of Stonnington : a Tasmania’s colonial whaling stations. Australian Scholarly report to the City of Stonnington.*BO%$MBSLBOE-BVSB. 1VCMJTIJOH /UI.FMCPVSOF 7JD ,PTUBOTLJGPSUIF$JUZPG4UPOOJOHUPO> <#BMMBSBU 7JD> -FINBO (SFH 1MFBEJOH3PCJOTPO<3FWJFXFTTBZ $MBSL *BO%3PCJOTPO (FPSHF"VHVTUVT *O 'SJFOEMZ.JTTJPO5IF5BTNBOJBO+PVSOBMTBOE1BQFSTPG RVFTUPGUIFUSJCFT("3PCJOTPOTVOBCSJEHFESFQPSUPG (FPSHF"VHVTUVT3PCJOTPO1MPNMFZ /+# FE IJTFYQFEJUJPOBNPOH8FTUFSO7JDUPSJBO"CPSJHJOBM BOE3FBEJOH3PCJOTPO$PNQBOJPO&TTBZTUP'SJFOEMZ USJCFT,FOZPOTADPOEFOTBUJPOSFDPOTJEFSFE*OMemoirs .JTTJPO+PIOTUPO "OOBBOE3PMMT .JUDIFMM FET > of the Museum of Victoria Anthropology and History. *OAustralian Humanities Review 0OMJOF -FOOPO +BOF $PSOFSTUPOFPGUIFDPOUJOFOUB $PY 3PCFSU Steps to the scaffold : the untold story IJTUPSZPG8JMTPOT1SPNPOUPSZ7JD*OParkwatch. of Tasmania’s black bushrangers TUFE $PSOIJMM 1VCMJTIJOH 1BXMFFOB 5BT .BD'BSMBOF *BO1VCMJD3FDPSE0óDF7JDUPSJB7JDUP %BLJO 8JMMJBN+ Whalemen adventurers in south- SJBO(PWFSONFOU1SJOUJOH0óDF the public ern waters : the story of whaling in Australian waters and executions at Melbourne.7JDUPSJBO(PWFSONFOU1SJOUJOH other southern seas related thereto, from the days of sails 0óDF .FMCPVSOF to recent times "3/POöDUJPO$MBTTJDTFE "OHVT 3PCFSUTPO -POEPO 4ZEOFZ .BMMFUU .PMMZ6OJWFSTJUZPG5BTNBOJB3JBXVOOB$FOUSF GPS"CPSJHJOBM&EVDBUJPO My past - their future : %BWJFT 4VTBOOF "CPSJHJOFT NVSEFSBOEUIF stories from Cape Barren Island.#MVCCFS)FBE1SFTTJO DSJNJOBMMBXJOFBSMZ1PSU1IJMMJQ *ODMVEFTBO BTTPDJBUJPOXJUI3JBXVOOB $FOUSFGPS"CPSJHJOBM&EVDB appendix listing murder trials heard at the Melbourne UJPO 4BOEZ#BZ 5BT 4VQSFNF$PVSU *OHistorical Studies. .BSUJO 4VTBO, (FUUJOHB)FBE%JTNFNCFS JOHBOE3FNFNCFSJOHJO3PCFSU%SFXFT5IF4BWBHF &MMJT 3JDIBSE Men and whales TUFE ,OPQG $SPXT*OAustralian Literary Studies. %JTUSJCVUFECZ3BOEPN)PVTF *OD /FX:PSL .D'BSMBOF *BO3FZOPMET )FOSZ 6OJWFSTJUZPG 'FMT .BSJF)BOTFO I succeeded once : the 5BTNBOJB$PNNVOJUZ 1MBDF)FSJUBHF3FTFBSDI6OJU Aboriginal Protectorate on the Mornington Peninsula, 3JBXVOOB Beyond awakening : the Aboriginal tribes "/6&1SFTT "DUPO "$5 of north west Tasmania : a history.'VMMFST#PPLTIPQ -BVODFTUPO 5BT DM 8259529 41 of 46 Page 45 of 49 .D'BSMBOF *BO 1FWBZ BDBTVBMUZPGXBS 4QBSSPX + 4QBSSPX + Radical Melbourne: A <1BQFSEFMJWFSFEUPB5BTNBOJBO)JTUPSJDBM3FTFBSDI secret history..FMCPVSOF5IF7VMHBS1SFTT "TTPDJBUJPONFFUJOHPO+VOF3FEVDFEWFSTJPO PGUIFBVUIPST)POPVST5IFTJTTVCNJUUFEUP.POBTI 4UFWFOT -FPOJF 5IFQIFOPNFOBMDPPMOFTTPG 6OJWFSTJUZJO>*OPapers and Proceedings 5VOOFSNJOOFSXBJU*OVictorian Historical Journal (1987). (Tasmanian Historical Research Association). 5BTNBOJBO"CPSJHJOBM$FOUSF Free exchange or .JMMFS 34 3PCFSU4 )BSNBO "MMBO captive culture? : the Tasmanian Aboriginal perspective on Thomas Dove and the Tasmanian Aborigines.4QFDUSVN museums and repatriation : paper presented at the Melbourne Museums Association Seminar, Museums and repatriation, London, 4 November 1997.5BTNBOJBO"CPSJHJOBM$FOUSF .PSSJT #SJBO %FGBDJOHUIFDJUZFYUSBPSEJOBSZ Hobart FWFSZEBZFODPVOUFSTPOUIFA"OPUIFS7JFXXBMLJOHUSBJM *OMeanjin .FMCPVSOF 5BZMPS 3 Unearthed: The Aboriginal Tasmanians of Kangaroo Island. ,FOU5PXO 4"VTU8BLFöFME1SFTT .VMMBMZ 1BVM3 Crime in the Port Phillip district 1835-51)ZCSJE1VCMJTIFST 0SNPOE 7JD 5BZMPS 3 3FMJBCMF.S3PCJOTPOBOEUIFDPOUSP WFSTJBM%S+POFT*O"+PIOTUPO.3PMMT &ET Reading /BTI .JDIBFM The bay whalers : Tasmania’s Robinson: Companion Essays to Friendly Mission QQ shore-based whaling industry./BWBSJOF1VCMJTIJOH )PCBSU2VJOUVT1VCMJTIJOH 8PEFO "$5 5PTDBOP +PTFQI Lest we forget : the 1PSUFS 5SFWPS+ &YFDVUJPOTJOUIF$PMPOZBOE Tunnerminnerwait and Maulboyhenner saga. Anarchist 4UBUFPG7JDUPSJB5IF8FEOFTEBZ1SFTT .FEJB*OTUJUVUF 1BSLWJMMF 7JD 1BSBöFME(BSEFOT 4PVUI"VTUSBMJB 7BO5PPSO 1FOOZ Writing never arrives naked : 1ZCVT $BTTBOESB.BYXFMM4UFXBSU )BNJTI early Aboriginal cultures of writing in Australia. Aboriginal American citizens, British slaves : Yankee political 4UVEJFT1SFTT $BOCFSSB prisoners in an Australian penal colony 1839-1850. .FMCPVSOF6OJWFSTJUZ1SFTT $BSMUPO4PVUI 7JD 8FMMJOHT )1 A*NMBZ (FPSHF o "VTUSBMJBO%JDUJPOBSZPG#JPHSBQIZ /BUJPOBM$FOUSFPG 3BF&MMJT 7JWJFOOF Trucanini : queen or traitor? #JPHSBQIZ "VTUSBMJBO/BUJPOBM6OJWFSTJUZ IUUQBEC /FX FYQBOEFEFE "VTUSBMJBO*OTUJUVUFPG"CPSJHJOBM BOVFEVBVCJPHSBQIZJNMBZHFPSHFUFYU 4UVEJFT
3BF&MMJT 7JWJFOOF Black Robinson, Protector of 8PPE 3FCFDDB 'SPOUJFSWJPMFODFBOEUIFCVTI Aborigines..FMCPVSOF6OJWFSTJUZ1SFTT $BSMUPO 7JD MFHFOEUIF4ZEOFZ)FSBMETSFTQPOTFUPUIF.ZBMM$SFFL NBTTBDSFUSJBMTBOEUIFDSFBUJPOPGDPMPOJBMJEFOUJUZ 3FZOPMET )FOSZ Fate of a free people.1FOHVJO &TTBZ *OHistory Australia. 3JOHXPPE 7JD
3PCFSUT +1 +BOJOF1 Jack of Cape Grim : a Victorian adventure.(SFFOIPVTF1VCMJDBUJPOT 3JDINPOE 7JD
3VTTFMM -ZOFUUF A New Holland Half-Caste : Sealer and whaler Tommy Chaseland..POBTI6OJWFSTJUZF1SFTT
3ZBO -ZOEBMM Tasmanian aborigines : a history since 1803."MMFO6OXJO $SPXT/FTU /48
4BMUNBSTI 3PCFSU 5VOOFSNJOOFSXBJU UIF XBUFSCJSEDBMMTOPNPSF*O40 [degrees] South.
4BZFST "OESFX$PPQFS $BSPM Aboriginal artists of the nineteenth century.0YGPSE6OJWFSTJUZ1SFTTJO BTTPDJBUJPOXJUIUIF/BUJPOBM(BMMFSZPG"VTUSBMJB Melbourne
DM 8259529 42 of 46 Page 46 of 49 SELECTED WEBSITES CONSULTED
5FMMJOH1MBDFTJO$PVOUSZ 51*$ QSPKFDUXFCTJUF 5IF$PNQBOJPOUP5BTNBOJBO)JTUPSZ IUUQXXXVUBTFEVBVUFMMJOHQMBDFTJODPVOUSZIPNF IUUQXXXVUBTFEVBVMJCSBSZDPNQBOJPO@UP@UBTNB OJBO@IJTUPSZ""SUIUN 4UBUF-JCSBSZPG7JDUPSJB&SHPFEVDBUJPOBMXFCTJUF IUUQFSHPTMWWJDHPWBVFYQMPSFIJTUPSZSFCFMTPVUMBXT $VMUVSF7JDUPSJB4UPSJFT$PMMFDUJPOT1MBDFT MBXFOGPSDFNFOUNFMCPVSOFTöSTUHBPMT IUUQXXXDWWJDHPWBVTUPSJFTDPOUFNQPSBSZBSUJTUT IPOPVSCBSBLKPOBUIBOKPOFTUSBOTJUJPOT &ODZDMPQBFEJBPG.FMCPVSOFPOMJOF $BQJUBM 1VOJTINFOU IUUQXXXFNFMCPVSOFOFUBVCJPHT&.CIUN
Monument Australia (information on the public monu ments and memorials in all Australian States and 5FSSJUPSJFT IUUQNPOVNFOUBVTUSBMJBPSHBV
DM 8259529 43 of 46 Page 47 of 49
Acknowledgements
5IFBVUIPSXJTIFTUPBDLOPXMFEHFUIF5VOOFSNJOOFSXBJU BOE.BVMCPZIFFOOFS$PNNFNPSBUJPO$PNNJUUFF UIFLFZ BEWJTFSTUPUIFSFTFBSDI 8PSLJOH(SPVQNFNCFST "OOFUUF BOE8JMNB9JCCFSBT (SFH-FINBO %S+PTFQI5PTDBOP 5PN /JDIPMTPO 1BVM.VMMBMZ 4IJSMFZ8FTUBXBZBOEUIFNBOZPUIFS QFPQMFXIPTVQQPSUFEUIJTSFTFBSDIJOBSBOHFPGXBZT GSPN EJTDVTTJPOTUPBEWJDFUPTIBSJOHFYQFSJFODFTGSPNPUIFS QSPKFDUT
DM 8259529 44 of 46 Page 48 of 49
Tunnerminnerwait and Maulboyheenner
Clare Land
2013
Published by the City of Melbourne, Melbourne
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8PSLJOH(SPVQNFNCFST"VOUZ$BSPMZO#SJHHT #PPO8VSSVOH&MEFSBOE1BUSPO 5VOOFSNJOOFSXBJUBOE.BVMCPZIFFOOFS$PNNFNPSBUJWF$PNNJUUFF %S5POZ #JSDI 6OJWFSTJUZPG.FMCPVSOF (FOFWJFWF(SJFWFT .FMCPVSOF.VTFVN "MJY)JMM /BUJPOBM5SVTU &EEJF#VUMFS#PXEPO "SUTBOE$VMUVSF $JUZPG.FMCPVSOF BOE +FBOFUUF7BIBBLPMP *OEJHFOPVT6OJU $JUZPG.FMCPVSOF
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