DOCSLIB.ORG

Global Agenda for Livestock Research: South-East Asia

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Global Agenda for Livestock Research: South-East Asia Global Agenda for Livestock Research Global Agenda for Livestock Research Proceedings of the Consultation for the South-East Asia Region 10–13 May 1995 IRRI, Los Banos, The Philippines edited by C. Devendra and P. Gardiner International Livestock Research Institute 1 Global Agenda for Livestock Research Table of Contents Preface Summary report of the sub-regional discussion groups on livestock research priorities Welcoming remarks F.A. Bernardo Introduction to the objectives of the meeting H.A. Fitzhugh Globalising sustainable livestock production through research and technology: Addressing the needs of the 21st century R. Nazareno Research and development for forage production and supply in South-East Asia W. W. Stur Priorities and direction for research for more effective use of feed resources by livestock in Asia R.A. Leng and C. Devendra Major initiatives and contributions of FAO/APHCA to the development of livestock agriculture in the Asia-Pacific region M. Sasaki Effective utilisation and conservation of indigenous animal genetic resources: Development of the carabaos in the Philippines L.C. Cruz Integrated crop–fish–livestock improvements in South-East Asia P. Edwards and D.C. Little Setting priorities for agriculture research in Asia: A case study with rice K S. Fischer Priorities for socio-economic research in farming systems in South-East Asia T.R. Paris and C.C. Sevilla ICLARM's approach to the integration of aquaculture into sustainable farming systems M. Prein, C. Lightfoot and R.S.V. Pullin Research priorities for improving animal agriculture by agro-ecological zone in Malaysia T.K Mukherjee The Philippine livestock industry: The research and development agenda P.S. Faylon and D.B. Roxas Research priorities for improving animal agriculture by agro-ecological zone in Indonesia 2 Global Agenda for Livestock Research A. Djajanegara and K Diwyanto Research priorities for improving animal agriculture by agro-ecological zone in Thailand M. Wanapat Research priorities for improving animal production by agro-ecological zone in Vietnam Vo-Tong Xuan, Le Thanh Hai and Chau Ba Loc Research priorities for livestock agriculture by agro-ecological zone in Lao PDR B. Bouahom Research priorities for improving animal agriculture by agro-ecological zone in Papua New Guinea W.J.K. Bakau Research priorities for improving animal agriculture by agro-ecological zone in Fiji P. Manueli Appendix I: Establishment of a native carabao gene pool Appendix II: The carabao genetic improvement programme List of Participants 3 Global Agenda for Livestock Research Preface The Consultation reported here marks ...an historic event. For the first time in our history four Centres of the Consultative Group for International Agricultural Research (CGIAR) and 13 countries in South-East Asia are meeting to discuss priority areas and researchable issues in livestock production. In South-East Asia, livestock production is intimately linked to crop production. We cannot talk about livestock without relating it to feeds, crops and the environment. Dr Bernardo, IRRI's Deputy Director General, in his opening address. The impetus for this "historic event" was the formation of the International Livestock Research Institute (ILRI) which came into being on 1 January 1995, and is the newest of the agricultural research centres supported by the CGIAR. The institute was planned to be a new venture, capitalising on the major strengths in animal health and animal production research which, respectively had been pursued largely separately by the two previous livestock institutes, the International Laboratory for Research on Animal Diseases (ILRAD) and the International Livestock Centre for Africa (ILCA). ILCA and ILRAD had focused their research predominantly on Africa. ILRI, however, is charged with a global mandate. The strategic plans that underlie the foundation of ILRI name four principal research goals for the new centre. In addressing animal agriculture in developing regions, the institute's programmes were to aim to improve: (i) animal performance by overcoming identified constraints to animal productivity through technological research and conservation of genetic diversity amongst indigenous livestock populations; (ii) productivity of the major livestock and crop–livestock production systems typical of developing regions and to maintain, their long-term productivity; (iii) the technical and economic performance of the livestock sector in these regions to ensure the appropriate translation of production system improvement into increased food security and economic welfare; and (iv) the development, transfer and use of technology by national programmes and client farmers in the agricultural systems of these regions. These goals will serve as the framework of the development of ILRI's new programme. They are applicable to the improvement of animal and agricultural productivity globally. However, the combination of biotechnological, adaptive, integrative and managerial solutions appropriate to the different problems, production systems and regions will differ. A commitment to globalising and integrating key aspects of research on livestock, largely through ecoregional initiatives and links to other programmes, is central to ILRI's strategy and to recommendations of other recent reviews of livestock in developing regions. Selection amongst priority problems and regions therefore is paramount in the efficient and effective use of CGIAR resources. The Indicative Medium Term Plan for ILRI, developed in 1994, foresaw the need to establish a global agenda for livestock research through consultations with potential partners and clients in different developing country regions. The institute set aside some of its core funds for this purpose in 1995. Part of ILRI' s global mandate is to provide leadership in livestock agriculture on behalf of the CGIAR. The identification of an agreed global agenda for livestock research will support the development of appropriate research programmes by all those concerned with livestock improvement around the world. The Consultation 4 Global Agenda for Livestock Research series does more than simply provide information for ILRI institutional planning purposes. It also helps establish links with partner organisations, identifies each institute's comparative advantage in addressing wider CGIAR initiatives in agriculture, and the way advice and assistance might best be formulated to aid the projects and programmes of other international and regional agencies. To start this process, ILRI held, at its headquarters in Nairobi, Kenya, a "global" Consultation in January 1995. The Nairobi meeting drew together senior representatives of livestock research and development programmes in Asia, sub-Saharan Africa, North Africa and the Middle East, and Latin America and the Caribbean. These experts compared and contrasted general requirements for livestock research in these regions. The meeting gave ILRI the opportunity to present ILRI's global mandate against the background of recent CGIAR and other reviews and to introduce the regional consultation process which ILRI wished to develop. These first considerations of the requirements for livestock research in different regions concurred on the widespread importance of improving livestock feed resources and their utilisation. This will be the subject matter for a separate CGIAR System-wide Livestock Initiative (SLI). Another initiative that is changing the fundamental approach of the international research centres is a move towards ecoregionality, i.e., considering, in a unified way, the agricultural requirements of areas linked by climate, geography, and other similar biophysical constraints. CGIAR centres have been given new responsibilities for developing coherent research programmes aiming to improve agriculture in the ecoregions in which they are situated. ILRI therefore formulated its consultation series within this ecoregional framework and has contacted both CGIAR and other centres resident in the regions to participate in the deliberations. ILRI plans to complete four regional consultations (two in Asia, one for the Latin America and Caribbean region and one for the West Asia and North African region). Because of the very large human and livestock populations in Asia and the close integration of many livestock species into the farming systems of the region, the planning documents for ILRI viewed Asia as the first major challenge for the institute. With its sister centre, the International Rice Research Institute (IRRI), which has the responsibility within the CGIAR for the humid/subhumid ecoregion of Asia, ILRI convened the present Consultation on livestock research needs for this region. The Consultation—hosted by IRRI at their headquarters in Los Banos, the Philippines—brought together representatives of national and international programmes for agriculture and livestock improvement with donors interested in the development of livestock and the broader South-East Asian region. The Consultation was able to capitalise on this accumulated regional knowledge. It helped to focus the requirements of livestock within the overall agricultural development framework, to define the priority production systems (often quite different from those in other continents), to examine the needs for livestock research, and to help the international institutes and their national programme partners define potential entry points for catalytic research on livestock. The results of the Consultation can be seen through
Load more

Recommended publications
  • In Cooper's the Leatherstocking Tales
    CONNECTING THE VANISHING FLORA, FAUNA AND ITS RELATION TO THE INDIAN REMOVAL POLICY AS SEEN IN COOPER’S THE LEATHERSTOCKING TALES Ceisy Nita Wuntu [email protected] English Department, Faculty of Languages and Arts, Manado State University, Indonesia Abstract: This study aims at connecting the vanishing flora, fauna and its Relation to the Indian removal policy in Cooper’s The Leatherstocking Tales. This research applies an American Studies’ interdisciplinary principle supplemented by the myth and symbol theory proposed by Henry Nash Smith. Smith claimed the importance of imaginative works in revealing American culture. He declared that the historical, anthropological and cultural, sociological, and ecological data as covered in this research can be equipped by data from imaginative works. Hence, in this research, those data are presented integratedly in their context of past and present. In this research, in order to highlight environmental matters in Cooper’s The Leatherstocking Tales, the analysis covers the data above that are integrated with the data revealed in The Leatherstocking Tales as a whole by employing the concept of ecocriticism. The spirit of the immigrants to have a better life in the new world, stimulated by its rich, lush and beautiful circumstances, in fact, is not an aim of a sustainable life. The desire to improve their life is not enough without using and treating its environment wisely as well as facing it with the environmental conservation paradigm. The spirit of doing the exploitation is a consequence of western humanism value. The reason of coming to America to avoid the population density as well as the competition of life cannot be attained when the immigrants experience the same population density and harsh competition as in their old world and when the beautiful nature disappears, the forests become cities, the tranquility becomes noisy and crowded, and the people experience the uncomfortable life that many kinds of conflict can follow.
    [Show full text]
  • Genetic Characterization of Tanzanian Indigenous Chickens in Relation to the Worldwide Spectrum of Chicken Diversity
    Charles Moses Lyimo (Autor) Genetic Characterization of Tanzanian Indigenous Chickens in Relation to the Worldwide Spectrum of Chicken Diversity https://cuvillier.de/de/shop/publications/6939 Copyright: Cuvillier Verlag, Inhaberin Annette Jentzsch-Cuvillier, Nonnenstieg 8, 37075 Göttingen, Germany Telefon: +49 (0)551 54724-0, E-Mail: [email protected], Website: https://cuvillier.de Chapter 1 CHAPTER ONE 1.0 General introduction 1 Dieses Werk ist copyrightgeschützt und darf in keiner Form vervielfältigt werden noch an Dritte weitergegeben werden. Es gilt nur für den persönlichen Gebrauch. Chapter 1 1.1. The United Republic of Tanzania The United Republic of Tanzania is located in the Eastern coast of Africa just south of the equator between longitude 29° and 41° East, Latitude 1° and 12° South. It also incorporates several offshore islands, including Unguja (Zanzibar), Pemba, and Mafia. The country's eastern border is formed by the Indian Ocean coastline of approximately 1,400 km long. It has land borders with Kenya and Uganda to the north; Rwanda, Burundi and Democratic Republic of Congo to the west; and Zambia, Malawi and Mozambique to the south. Tanzania is the world’s 31st largest country with a total area of 947,300 km2 including 885,800 km2 of the land surfaces and 61,500 km2 of inland water bodies. It has a territorial sea limit of 22 km (12 nautical miles). Tanzania has a population of 45 million people with the annual growth rate of 2.7 % (NBS, 2013). There are over 120 ethnic groups, each with its own language or dialect. Swahili is the common and officially spoken language in all of Tanzania.
    [Show full text]
  • Rapanui Fowl
    BREED FOCUS: RAPANUI FOWL By Christine Heinrichs and Kermit Blackwood (USA) All photos not individually credited are by either Michelle Tullis, Jeremy Yashar-Johnson, Martin Blendulf or Tamiym Lehoux Above: A View of the Monuments of Easter Island, Rapa Nui. Oil on panel, by William Hodges, 1870. On Easter Sunday, April 5, 1722, Dutch sea captain Jacob Roggeveen landed his ship the Tienhoven on an island the inhabitants, the Rapanui, called Te Pito o Te Henua, The Center of the World. Captain Roggeveen renamed it Easter Island. Right: Captain Jacob Roggeveen. By the time the Dutch arrived, Easter Island’s population was in decline. There were probably no more than about 2,000-3,000 people living on the island. Maximum population estimates of previous eras range from 4,000- 15,000. Theories differ as to the cause of their demise. Barbara A. West writes in the Encyclopedia of the Peoples of Asia and Oceania, “… the Rapanui experienced a tremendous upheaval in their social system brought about by a change in their island's ecology...” Jared Diamond (an American biogeographer) drew attention to the connection between ecological overexploitation and the downfall of society. In Easter Island we are describing a situation where wholesale ecological exploitation destroyed a civilization. They’d cut down every last trees making it impossible to so build seaworthy boats to sail away. As in other Polynesian cultures, the Rapanui people knew cannibalism. By the 18th century, the population of Easter Island were coping with staying warm from Antarctic winds in winter without sufficient clothing. Terry Hunt and Caro Lipo’s studies suggest that humans made permanent settlements on Easter Island around 1200 AD, and that the population never exceeded around 3,000 people.
    [Show full text]
  • National Report on Animal Genetic Resources Indonesia
    NATIONAL REPORT ON ANIMAL GENETIC RESOURCES INDONESIA A Strategic Policy Document F O R E W O R D The Ministry of Agriculture of the Republic of Indonesia, represented by the Directorate General of Livestock Services, has been invited by the Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) to participate in the preparation of the first State of The World’s Animal Genetic Resources. The State of the World’s Animal Genetic Resources is important, and has to be supported by all institutions concerned, by the experts, by the politicians, by the breeders, by the farmers and farmer’s societies and by other stakeholders in the country. The World Food Summit in 1996 committed to reducing the number of people who are suffering from malnutrition in the world from 800 million to 400 million by the year 2015. This will have a tremendous implication for Indonesia which has human population growth of almost 3 million people a year. Indonesia has a large biodiversity which could be utilized to increase and strengthen national food security. Indonesia has lots of indigenous plant genetic resources and indigenous animal genetic resources consisting of mammals, reptiles and amphibians, birds and fish including species and breeds of farm genetic resources such as cattle, buffaloes, goats, sheep, pigs, chicken, ducks, horses and others. The objectives of agricultural development in Indonesia are principally increasing the farmer’s income and welfare, leading to National Food Security as well as the Development of Security as a Nation. The policies of management of animal genetic resources refers to three approaches, those are (1): Pure-breeding and Conservation; (2) Cross breeding; and (3) the Development of new breeds.
    [Show full text]
  • Blood Prot티n Polymorphisms of Native and Jungle Fowls in Indonesia
    BLOOD PROT티 N POLYMORPHISMS OF NATIVE AND JUNGLE FOWLS IN INDONESIA T. Hashiguchi1, T. Nishida2,4 , Y. Hayashi2, Y. Maeda and S. S. Mansjoer3 Laboratory of Animal Breeding and Genetics, Faculty of Agriculture, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima 890, Japan Summary In an attempt to reveal the interrelationship between fowls of jungle and native origin, their gene constitutions were compared using gene frequencies at the 16 loci controlling blood protein variations. Of the 16 loci analysed by electrophoresis, polymorphism was detected at following seven loci: Es- 1, Amy-1, Akp-akp, Akp-2, Alb, Tf and 6-PGD. The other nine loci: Amy-3, Es-D, PGM, PHI, MDH, To, LDH, Hb-1 and Hb-2, were noted to be monomorphic. Genetic distance between pairs of native fowl and jungle fowls was estimated by a numerical taxonomic method. The Indonesian native fowl was genetically close to the Indonesian red jungle fowl, and the grey jungle fowl was genetically similar to the Ceylonese jungle fowl, It was also suggested that the green jungle fowl was genetically remote from the other jungle fowls and from the Indonesian native fowl. The proportion of polymorphic loci (Ppoly), the expected average heterozygosity per individual H, and the effective number of alleles per locus (Ne) were calculated to evaluate the genetic variabilities in the native and jungle fowls. The Indonesian native fowl exhibited slightly higher the proportion of polymorphic loci than the jungle fowls. (Key Words : Protein Polymorphism, Native Fowl, Jungle Fowl, Indonesia, Genetic Distance, Genetic Variability) Introduction limited to the deep forest, while the green jungle fowl even lives in bush near cultivated fields as There are two theories as to whether the well as in the forest (Nishida et al., 1980).
    [Show full text]
  • Molecular Characterization of Indonesian Indigenous Chickens Based on Mitochondrial DNA Displacement (D)-Loop Sequences
    HAYATI Journal of Biosciences, December 2008, p 145-154 Vol. 15, No. 4 ISSN: 1978-3019 Molecular Characterization of Indonesian Indigenous Chickens based on Mitochondrial DNA Displacement (D)-loop Sequences SRI SULANDARI1∗∗∗, MOCH SYAMSUL ARIFIN ZEIN1, TIKE SARTIKA2 ¹Research Center for Biology-LIPI; ²Centre for Animal Research and Development, Widyasatwaloka Building, Cibinong Science Center, Jalan Raya Jakarta Bogor Km. 46, Cibinong 16911, Indonesia Received April 11, 2008/Accepted November 7, 2008 The Mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) displacement (D)-loop sequences were used to study the genetic diversity and relationship of Indonesian indigenous chickens. A total of 483 individuals belonging to 15 population breeds and 43 individuals belonging to 6 populations of jungle fowl (2 populations of Gallus gallus and 4 populations of Gallus varius) were sampled. The hypervariable I (HVI) segment of the D-loop was PCR amplified and subsequently sequenced. The sequences of the first 397 nucleotides were used for analysis. Sixty nine haplotypes were identified from 54 polymorphic sites with polymorphism between nucleotides 167 and 397 contributing to 94.5% of the sequence variation. Phylogenetic analysis indicates that Indonesian indigenous chickens can be grouped into five distinct clades (clade I, II, IIIc, IIId, and IV) of the previously identified seven clades (clade I, II, IIIa, IIIb, IIIc, IIId, and IV) in Asian indigenous chickens. Fifty haplotypes belong to clade II, seven haplotypes are in clade IV, six are in clade IIId, three are in clade I and one haploype is in clade IIIc. There was no breed-specific clade. Analysis of Molecular Variance (AMOVA) based on partial D-loop sequences of Indonesian chicken indicates that 67.85% of the total sequence variation between haplotypes was present within the population and 32.15% between populations.
    [Show full text]
  • Native Chicken Production in Indonesia: a Review
    Jurnal Peternakan Indonesia, Februari 2015 Vol 17 (1) ISSN 1907-1760 Native Chicken Production in Indonesia: A Review Produksi Ayam Lokal di Indonesia : Sebuah Ulasan C. Hidayat and S. A. Asmarasari Indonesian Research Institute for Animal Production, PO Box 221, Bogor 16002 email : [email protected] (Diterima: 2 November 2014 ; Disetujui: 2 Februari 2015) ABSTRACT Indonesia is a country rich in native chicken genetic resources. There are 31 native chicken breed in Indonesia. Native chicken farming was developed for decades. In early period of 1907‘s, mostly farmers reared their native chicken by traditional system (about 80%). In 1980s until now, the number of native chicken farmers which rear native chicken by semi intensive and intensive system have been increasing. These rearing system changing have significantly increased the native chicken productivity. The major constraints for the development of native chicken i.e. low growth rate, risks of high mortality, low egg production. Many research results stated that improving in breeding, feeding and management aspect will increase native chicken production. The information and data contained in this paper is the result of study literature for scientific papers, either in the form of journals, books, or proceedings, and livestock statistics books. This paper is made to support the development of native chickens in Indonesia. Keywords: native chicken, production, Indonesia ABSTRAK Indonesia merupakan Negara yang kaya dengan sumber daya genetik ayam lokal. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian, terdapat 31 jenis ayam lokal yang ada di Indonesia. Peternakan ayam lokal berkembang dari masa ke masa. Dari semula lebih banyak dipelihara secara tradisional, pemeliharaan ayam lokal secara semi intensive serta intensive semakin banyak dilakukan.
    [Show full text]
  • Ternak Unggas Sangat Dipengaruhi Oleh Adanya 4 Subsistem
    Oleh: Suhardi, SPt.,MP Ayam Puyuh Itik Itik Manila (entok) Angsa Kalkun Merpati (semua jenis burung) Burung Unta Merak, bangau, dll Unggas atau khususnya ayam dalam sistematika taksonomi termasuk dalam Animal Kingdom dengan phylum Chordata, subphylum Craniata (Vertebrata), kelas Aves, ordo Galliformes, family Phasianidae, subfamily Phasianinae, genus Gallus dan species domesticus. Ciri-ciri unggas secara umum adalah berkaki dua, bersayap, mempunyai paruh, bertelur dan mempunyai sifat mengeram (Blakely dan Bade, 1994). Ayam menunjukkan perbedaan morfologi di antara kedua tipe kelamin (dimorfisme seksual). Ayam jantan (jago, rooster) lebih atraktif, berukuran lebih besar, memiliki jalu panjang, berjengger lebih besar, dan bulu ekornya panjang menjuntai. Ayam betina (babon, hen) relatif kecil, berukuran kecil, jalu pendek atau nyaris tidak kelihatan, berjengger kecil, dan bulu ekor pendek. Sebagai hewan peliharaan, ayam mampu mengikuti ke mana manusia membawanya. Hewan ini sangat adaptif dan dapat dikatakan bisa hidup di sembarang tempat, asalkan tersedia makanan baginya. Karena kebanyakan ayam peliharaan sudah kehilangan kemampuan terbang yang baik, mereka lebih banyak menghabiskan waktu di tanah atau kadang-kadang di pohon. Ayam merupakan jenis unggas yang menurunkan bangsa atau varietas yang tersebar di seluruh dunia. Ayam yang didomestikasi saat ini berasal dari empat spesies ayam liar yakni: 1) Gallus gallus atau Galus bankiva atau Gallus ferugenus ada pula yang menyebut The Red Jungle Fowl; 2) Gallus lafayettei atau The Ceylon Jungle Fowl; 3) Gallus sonneratii atau The Gray Jungle Fowl; 4) Gallus varius atau The Java Jungle Fowl. The American Standard of Perfection mencatat lebih dari 600 varietas ayam yang ada saat ini. Di Indonesia dikenal istilah ayam ras dan ayam bukan ras (buras, atau kampung).
    [Show full text]
  • Origin, Phenotypes, and Plumage Coloration of Golden Pelung Chicken Progenies (G
    Origin, Phenotypes, and Plumage Coloration of Golden Pelung Chicken Progenies (G. gallus, Linn.1758) I Wayan Swarautama Mahardhika ( [email protected] ) Gama Ayam Research Team Laboratory of Genetics and Breeding Faculty of Biology Universitas Gadjah Mada DIY https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3489-3156 Imroatul Habibah Gama Ayam Research Team Laboratory of Genetics and Breeding Faculty of Biology Universitas Gadjah Mada DIY Ayudha Bahana Ilham Perdamaian Gama Ayam Research Team Laboratory of Genetics and Breeding Faculty of Biology Universitas Gadjah Mada DIY Trijoko Gama Ayam Research Team Laboratory of Animal Systematics and Taxonomy Faculty of Biology Universitas Gadjah Mada DIY Budi Setiadi Daryono ( [email protected] ) Gama Ayam Research Team Laboratory of Genetics and Breeding Faculty of Biology Universitas Gadjah Mada DIY Research Article Keywords: MAS, Pelung chicken, Modern breeders, TYR gene, Plumage colouration Posted Date: May 21st, 2021 DOI: https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-411024/v1 License: This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License. Read Full License Page 1/29 Abstract Background Pelung chicken has extensively been studied through selective breeding and used by the local poultry sector for ornamental purposes and occasionally as meat-type chicken. However, a well-documented and detailed description of its origins, genealogical backgrounds, unique traits, and diagnostic genotyping of its unique plumage colouration has never been compiled. Therefore, this study aimed to provide a detailed description of Pelung chicken and conduct a diagnostic genotyping of the TYR gene associated with golden plumage colouration accompanied with direct visual observations in Pelung chicken.
    [Show full text]
  • Genetic Studies on Prehistoric Translocations of Chickens in the Indo-Pacific
    Genetic studies on prehistoric translocations of chickens in the Indo-Pacific Michael James Bannister Herrera Bachelor of Science (Biology) Bachelor of Science (Archaeology) Australian Centre for Ancient DNA School of Biological Sciences University of Adelaide A thesis submitted for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy at The University of Adelaide March 2015 Table of Contents Contents Table of Contents .................................................................................................................... iii Thesis Abstract....................................................................................................................... vii Declaration .............................................................................................................................. ix Acknowledgements .................................................................................................................. x List of Tables ......................................................................................................................... xii List of Figures ........................................................................................................................ xii CHAPTER 1: General introduction ......................................................................................... 1 Introduction .......................................................................................................................... 2 Background to the Austronesian expansion ........................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • One Subspecies of the Red Junglefowl (Gallus Gallus Gallus) Suffices
    Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA Vol. 91, pp. 12505-12509, December 1994 Evolution One subspecies of the red junglefowl (Gallus gallus gallus) suffices as the matriarchic ancestor of all domestic breeds AKISHINONOMIYA FuMIHITO*, TETSUO MIYAKEt, SHIN-ICHIRO SUMIt, MASARU TAKADAt, SUSUMU OHNO§, AND NORIo KONDO* *Yamashina Institute for Ornithology, 115 Tsutsumine-aza, Konoyama, Abiko-shi, Chiba Prefecture 270-11, Japan; tWakunaga Pharmaceutical Company Central Laboratories, 1624 Shimokotachi, Kodacho, Takatagun, Hiroshima Prefecture 739-11, Japan; tThe Research Institute of Evolutionary Biology, 2-4-28 Kamiyoga, Setagaya-ku, Tokyo 158, Japan; and §Beckman Research Institute of the City of Hope, 1450 East Duarte Road, Duarte, CA 91010-3000 Contributed by Susumu Ohno, September 6, 1994 ABSTRACT The noncoding control region ofthe mitochon- domestication occurring before the emergence of mankind or drial DNA ofvarious gallinaceous birds was studied with regard at least domestication occurring within the African cradle to its restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) and before the exodus of certain bands to the Near East and sequences of the first 400 bases. Tandem duplication of the outward. 60-base unit was established as a trait unique to the genus Indeed, such a paradox was encountered in a recent study Galus, which is shared neither by pheasants nor by quails. on the mitochondrial control region of various breeds of Unlike its close ally GaUus varius (green junglefowl), the red cattle. Two distinct mitochondrial lineages separated by a junglefowl GaUus gaUus is a genetically very diverse species; the 5.01% sequence difference were observed. Furthermore, this 7.0% sequence divergence was seen between those from Thai- dichotomy did not follow the customary Bos taurus/Bos land (G.
    [Show full text]
  • Benefits of Promoting Native Chickens for Sustainable Rural Poultry Development in Indonesia
    TALENTA Conference Series: Agricultural & Natural Resources (ANR) PAPER – OPEN ACCESS Benefits of Promoting Native Chickens for Sustainable Rural Poultry Development in Indonesia Author : Yusuf L. Henuk DOI : 10.32734/anr.v1i1.98 Electronic ISSN : 2654-7023 Print ISSN : 2654-7015 Volume 1 Issue 2 – 2018 TALENTA Conference Series: Agricultural & Natural Resources (ANR) This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License. Published under licence by TALENTA Publisher, Universitas Sumatera Utara ANR Conference Series 01 (2018), Page 069–076 TALENTA Conference Series Available online at https://talentaconfseries.usu.ac.id Benefits of Promoting Native Chickens for Sustainable Rural Poultry Development in Indonesia a* a Yusuf L. Henuk , Darma Bakti Faculty of Agriculture, University of Sumatera Utara, Medan 20155, Indonesia [email protected] Abstract There are many benefits of promoting of native chickens for rural poultry development in Indonesia. They are commonly raised in many areas of Indonesia and play a major role in food production, providing the main source of dietary animal protein for many people. They are often called “non-breed chickens"— (“or (“buras") to differentiate them from modern commercialized chicken breeds. There are at least 34 kinds of native chickens in Indonesia. Some of the more common native chickens, namely Ayunai, Balenggek, Banten, Bangkok, Burgo, Bekisar, Cemani, Ciparage, Gaok, Kampung, Kasintu, Kedu, Pelung, Lamba, Maleo, Merawang, Nagrak, Nunukan, Nusa Penida, Olagan, Sedayu, Sentul, Sumatera, Tolaki, Tukung, Wareng, Sabu, and Semau. Some of them are used for non-food purposes. Indonesia with its population is over 258.71 million people in 2016 has an annual level of protein consumption from poultry meat of 12.97 kg/capita/year and poultry eggs exceeded 190 eggs/capita/year.
    [Show full text]