The Public Figure Assassin As Terrorist
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Chapter One: Introduction
CHANGING PERCEPTIONS OF IL DUCE TRACING POLITICAL TRENDS IN THE ITALIAN-AMERICAN MEDIA DURING THE EARLY YEARS OF FASCISM by Ryan J. Antonucci Submitted in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Master of Arts in the History Program YOUNGSTOWN STATE UNIVERSITY August, 2013 Changing Perceptions of il Duce Tracing Political Trends in the Italian-American Media during the Early Years of Fascism Ryan J. Antonucci I hereby release this thesis to the public. I understand that this thesis will be made available from the OhioLINK ETD Center and the Maag Library Circulation Desk for public access. I also authorize the University or other individuals to make copies of this thesis as needed for scholarly research. Signature: Ryan J. Antonucci, Student Date Approvals: Dr. David Simonelli, Thesis Advisor Date Dr. Brian Bonhomme, Committee Member Date Dr. Martha Pallante, Committee Member Date Dr. Carla Simonini, Committee Member Date Dr. Salvatore A. Sanders, Associate Dean of Graduate Studies Date Ryan J. Antonucci © 2013 iii ABSTRACT Scholars of Italian-American history have traditionally asserted that the ethnic community’s media during the 1920s and 1930s was pro-Fascist leaning. This thesis challenges that narrative by proving that moderate, and often ambivalent, opinions existed at one time, and the shift to a philo-Fascist position was an active process. Using a survey of six Italian-language sources from diverse cities during the inauguration of Benito Mussolini’s regime, research shows that interpretations varied significantly. One of the newspapers, Il Cittadino Italo-Americano (Youngstown, Ohio) is then used as a case study to better understand why events in Italy were interpreted in certain ways. -
The Potential for an Assad Statelet in Syria
THE POTENTIAL FOR AN ASSAD STATELET IN SYRIA Nicholas A. Heras THE POTENTIAL FOR AN ASSAD STATELET IN SYRIA Nicholas A. Heras policy focus 132 | december 2013 the washington institute for near east policy www.washingtoninstitute.org The opinions expressed in this Policy Focus are those of the author and not necessar- ily those of The Washington Institute for Near East Policy, its Board of Trustees, or its Board of Advisors. MAPS Fig. 1 based on map designed by W.D. Langeraar of Michael Moran & Associates that incorporates data from National Geographic, Esri, DeLorme, NAVTEQ, UNEP- WCMC, USGS, NASA, ESA, METI, NRCAN, GEBCO, NOAA, and iPC. Figs. 2, 3, and 4: detail from The Tourist Atlas of Syria, Syria Ministry of Tourism, Directorate of Tourist Relations, Damascus. All rights reserved. Printed in the United States of America. No part of this publica- tion may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopy, recording, or any information storage and retrieval system, without permission in writing from the publisher. © 2013 by The Washington Institute for Near East Policy The Washington Institute for Near East Policy 1828 L Street NW, Suite 1050 Washington, DC 20036 Cover: Digitally rendered montage incorporating an interior photo of the tomb of Hafez al-Assad and a partial view of the wheel tapestry found in the Sheikh Daher Shrine—a 500-year-old Alawite place of worship situated in an ancient grove of wild oak; both are situated in al-Qurdaha, Syria. Photographs by Andrew Tabler/TWI; design and montage by 1000colors. -
Timeline / Before 1800 to After 1930 / ITALY
Timeline / Before 1800 to After 1930 / ITALY Date Country Theme 1800 - 1814 Italy Cities And Urban Spaces In the Napoleonic age, monumental architecture is intended to celebrate the glory of the new regime. An example of that is the Foro Bonaparte, in the area around the Sforza’s Castle in Milan (a project by Giovanni Antonio Antolini). 1800s - 1850s Italy Travelling The “Grand Tour” falls out of vogue; it used to be a period of educational travel, popular among the European aristocrats in the 17th and 18th centuries. Its primary destination was Italy. In the second half of the 19th century, vanguard artists no longer looked at Roman antiquities and Renaissance for inspiration. 1807 - 1837 Italy Cities And Urban Spaces In Milan, Luigi Cagnola completes the construction of the Arch of Peace, started during the Napoleonic age and inspired by the Arc du Carrousel in Paris. The stunning architectures of the Napoleonic age use arches, obelisks and allegorical groups of Roman and French classical inspiration. 1809 Italy Music, Literature, Dance And Fashion Giacomo Leopardi (1798–1837), philosopher, scholar and one of the greatest Italian poets of all times, writes his first poem. 1815 - 1816 Italy Rediscovering The Past Antonio Canova, acting on behalf of Pope Pio VII, recovers from France several pieces of art belonging to the Papal States, which had been brought to Paris by Napoleon, including the Villa Borghese’s archaeological collection. 1815 - 1860 Italy Political Context Italian “Risorgimento” (movement for national unification). 1815 Italy Political Context The Congress of Vienna decides the restoration of pre-Napoleonic monarchies: Kingdom of Sardinia (Piedmont, Genoa, Sardinia); Kingdom of Two Sicilies (Southern Italy and Sicily), the Papal States (part of Central Italy), Grand Duchy of Tuscany and other smaller states. -
“No One's Left” Summary Executions by Syrian Forces in Al-Bayda
HUMAN RIGHTS “No One’s Left” Summary Executions by Syrian Forces in al-Bayda & Baniyas WATCH “No One’s Left” Summary Executions by Syrian Forces in al-Bayda and Baniyas Copyright © 2013 Human Rights Watch All rights reserved. ISBN: 978-1-62313-0480 Printed in the United States of America Cover design by Rafael Jimenez Human Rights Watch is dedicated to protecting the human rights of people around the world. We stand with victims and activists to prevent discrimination, to uphold political freedom, to protect people from inhumane conduct in wartime, and to bring offenders to justice. We investigate and expose human rights violations and hold abusers accountable. We challenge governments and those who hold power to end abusive practices and respect international human rights law. We enlist the public and the international community to support the cause of human rights for all. Human Rights Watch is an international organization with staff in more than 40 countries, and offices in Amsterdam, Beirut, Berlin, Brussels, Chicago, Geneva, Goma, Johannesburg, London, Los Angeles, Moscow, Nairobi, New York, Paris, San Francisco, Sydney, Tokyo, Toronto, Tunis, Washington DC, and Zurich. For more information, please visit our website: http://www.hrw.org SEPTEMBER 2013 978-1-62313-0480 “No One’s Left” Summary Executions by Syrian Forces in al-Bayda and Baniyas Maps ................................................................................................................................... i Summary .......................................................................................................................... -
Experiences of Turkish Students and Their Parents Dissertation
Making Sense of Schooling, Identity, and Culture: Experiences of Turkish Students and Their Parents Dissertation Presented in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy in the Graduate School of The Ohio State University By Zeynep Işık-Ercan College of Education and Human Ecology The Ohio State University 2009 Dissertation Committee: Adrian Rodgers, Co-Advisor Barbara Seidl, Co-Advisor Laurie J. Katz Cynthia B. Dillard Copyright by Zeynep Işık-Ercan 2009 ABSTRACT In this study, I look at the Turkish immigrant parents and their children at the intersection of schooling, culture, and identity. The study particularly emphasizes the ways Turkish children negotiate their cultural identity in schooling, Turkish parents’ experiences with their children’s schooling, and the ways Turkish parents and children negotiate their bilingual and bicultural identities. Sociocultural theories, specifically hybridity theory (Bhabha, 1994; Soja, 1996; Moje et al., 2004) and transnational studies (Basch, Glick Schiller, & Szanton Blanc, 2008) framed this study. The findings suggest that Turkish parents and children collaborate to create a third-space in home and community contexts where hybrid American, Turkish, and Muslim identities and Turkish and American cultural and educational practices co-exist. The creation of these third spaces moves the parents and children beyond the limitations of Turkish and American geographical, cultural and educational contexts. ii DEDICATION To those teachers who never stopped believing in that child… iii ACKNOWLEDGMENTS I am so blessed to have beautiful people in my life that completed me in many different ways. This is an acknowledgement of how they stood by me through my dissertation process, as well as in my personal and professional life. -
Proactive Ismaili Imam: His Highness the Aga Khan Part - 2
Aga Khan IV Photo Credit: AKDN.org Proactive Ismaili Imam: His Highness the Aga Khan Part - 2 History: a live broadcast of the past, a joy of the present, and a treasure for the future. History has significant past knowledge, culture, and memories of ancestors wrapped in its womb. The historical monuments, art, music, culture, language, food, and traditional clothes educate people about who they are, where they are, and where they belong in the particular era. Furthermore, the deep roots of history help individuals to see the fruitful stems of growth. The growth in the field of economics, science, architecture, education, and the quality of life of people in this period of modernization. Therefore, destroying history from the lives of the people would be the same as cutting the roots of a tree. No matter how healthy species a tree may be from, it won’t be able to survive without its roots. Thus, history builds a path that leads toward the future. Therefore, without the presence of history, the growth of the future would be unknown. Hence, the proactive Ismaili Imam, the Aga Khan, is actively taking every possible step to preserve history by preserving the historical monuments and improving the quality of life of people within the ambit. One of the best examples of the Aga Khan’s work is in Syria, a country known for its Islamic history. Syria and Islamic civilization go a long way back in history. As His Highness the Aga Khan said, “Those of you who know the history of Syria, the history of cities such as Aleppo, you will know how much they have contributed to the civilisations of Islam, to the practices of Islam, to the search for truth not only within Muslim communities, but with Jewish communities, Christian communities. -
Syria & Its Neighbours
Syria Studies i The View From Without: Syria & Its Neighbours Özden Zeynep Oktav Tine Gade Taku Osoegawa Syria Studies ii Syria Studies An open-access, peer reviewed, & indexed journal published online by: The Centre for Syrian Studies (CSS) University of St Andrews Raymond Hinnebusch (Editor-In-Chief) & Omar Imady (Managing Editor) Syria Studies iii _______________ © 2014 by the University of St Andrews, Centre for Syrian Studies Published by the University of St Andrews, Centre for Syrian Studies School of International Relations Fife, Scotland, UK ISSN 2056-3175 Syria Studies iv Contents Preface v-vi Omar Imady The Syrian Civil War and Turkey-Syria-Iran Relations 1-19 Özden Zeynep Oktav Sunni Islamists in Tripoli and the Asad regime 1966-2014 20-65 Tine Gade Coping with Asad: Lebanese Prime Ministers’ Strategies 66-81 Taku Osoegawa iv Syria Studies v Preface Omar Imady In this issue of Syria Studies, we move to a regional perspective of Syria, examining recent political dynamics involving Turkey and Lebanon. Three contributions by scholars on Syria are included in this issue, and their findings consistently point to just how charged and often hostile Syria’s relationships with its neighbours have been. In The Syrian Civil War and Turkey-Syria-Iran Relations, Özden Zeynep Oktav takes us on a fascinating journey from 2002 when the Justice and Development Party came to power, and until the present. Oktav highlights the period when Turkey sought a state of ‘zero problem with its neighbours’ and the positive implications this had on its relationship with Syria in particular. The advent of the Arab Spring, and the events that unfolded in Syria after March 2011, caused a dramatic change in Turkey’s foreign policy. -
Citadel of Masyaf
GUIDEBOOK English version TheThe CCitadelitadel ofof MMasyafasyaf Description, History, Site Plan & Visitor Tour Description, History, Site Plan & Visitor Tour Frontispiece: The Arabic inscription above the basalt lintel of the monumental doorway into the palace in the Inner Castle. This The inscription is dated to 1226 AD, and lists the names of “Alaa ad-Dunia of wa ad-Din Muhammad, Citadel son of Hasan, son of Muhammad, son of Hasan (may Allah grant him eternal power); under the rule of Lord Kamal ad- Dunia wa ad-Din al-Hasan, son of Masa’ud (may Allah extend his power)”. Masyaf Opposite: Detail of this inscription. Text by Haytham Hasan The Aga Khan Trust for Culture is publishing this guidebook in cooperation with the Syrian Directorate General of Antiquities and Museums as part of a programme for the Contents revitalisation of the Citadel of Masyaf. Introduction 5 The Aga Khan Trust for Culture, Geneva, Switzerland (www.akdn.org) History 7 © 2008 by the Aga Khan Trust for Culture. All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reproduced in any form without permission of the publisher. Printed in Syria. Site Plan 24 Visitor Tour 26 ISBN: 978-2-940212-06-4 Introduction The Citadel of Masyaf Located in central-western Syria, the town of Masyaf nestles on an eastern slope of the Syrian coastal mountains, 500 metres above sea level and 45 kilometres from the city of Hama. Seasonal streams flow to the north and south of the city and continue down to join the Sarout River, a tributary of the Orontes. -
Perienced Harassment, Discrimination, and Unfair Treatment
10 REVIEWS perienced harassment, discrimination, and unfair treatment, and were seen as a source of cheap labor by native born workers as well as American entrepreneurs who hired them. Although scholars and readers might not agree about the division of politics, history, art, and culture into two different volumes, this work remains a contribution to the field of research concerning Italian-American experiences after 1945 when the United States emerged as a superpower with global commitments, and relations between the United States and Italy changed as Italy became part of NATO and a member of the European Union. Postwar changes led to changes in Italian emigration to the US as the Italians who migrated were entrepreneurs or elite professional migrants. This “new” emigration of the post-World War II era needed to be studied as it was very different from the original “new” emigration of the late 1800s and early 1900s when Italian migrants were discriminated against, frowned upon, and considered a menace to American society and culture. Patrizia Famà Stahle College of Coastal Georgia Nunzio Pernicone and Fraser Ottanelli. Assassins Against the Old Order: Italian Anar- chists’ Violence in Fin de Siècle Europe. Urbana: U of Illinois P, 2018. Michele Presutto. La rivoluzione dietro l’angolo. Gli anarchici italiani e la Rivoluzione messicana 1910–1914. Italy: Editoriale Umbra (1 febbraio 2017). (A shorter version of the book in English was published as “Revolution Just around the Corner: Italian Ameri- can Radicals and the Mexican Revolution, 1910–1914,” Italian American Review [Winter 2017] 7.1: 8–40). Assassins Against the Old Order and La rivoluzione dietro l’angolo look at the uses and consequences of violence as a revolutionary tactic among Italian anarchists within the con- text of worldwide movements. -
S611s6 1901.Pdf
PRICE 5 CENTS. SOCIALISM vs ANARCHY BY A. M. SIMONS Editor of the International Socialist Review. POCKET LIBRARY OF SOCIALISM Monthly,5oc a Year. No. fr,September 15, IQOP -- Published by CHARLES H. KERR & COMPANY (CO-OPERATIVE) 56 Fifth Avenue, Chicago, 111. PREFATORY NOTE. On Sept. 5, 1901, William McKinley, Presi- dent of the United States, was shot by Leon Czolgosz, a self-declared anarchist. On Sept. 13 the President died of his wound. On Sept. 15, while the people were naturally in a state ~ of wild excitement orer the tragedy, ‘A. M. Simons, editor of the International Socialist Rericw, delivered the following address at the Socialist Temple, 120 South Western are- nue, Chicago. The hall was packed to the limit and hundreds were turned away. In response to the general desire of those present, the address is now published, in the hope that it may have some effect in remov ing the prejudice existing against socialism by those who ignorantly confound it with anarchy, Socialism vs. Anfrcby. a Once again the anarchists have proven them. selves the dearest foes of capitalism. The story, long grown old in Europe, haa been repeatti , here. The act of one fanatical criminal at Buf- falo has rallied every force of reaction and ex- ploitation as no avowed defender of capitalism could hope to do. It has long heen recognized in Europe that in every great emergency, when the forces of oppression ,are hardest pressed, they can always hope that some such de& $s this will come to their rescue. Indeed, Bis- marck, who must always hold the palm as the ablest defender of capitalism and the most cun- ning opponent of socialism that the nineteenth century has produced, did not hesitate, when necessary, to commit deeds of violence through the police in order to arouse public opinion. -
Gaetano Bresci: Tyrannicide and Defender of the People with Remarks by Malatesta and Tolstoy
The Anarchist Library (Mirror) Anti-Copyright Gaetano Bresci: Tyrannicide and Defender of the People With Remarks by Malatesta and Tolstoy CrimethInc. CrimethInc. Gaetano Bresci: Tyrannicide and Defender of the People With Remarks by Malatesta and Tolstoy July 29, 2018 Retrieved on 17th June 2021 from crimethinc.com usa.anarchistlibraries.net July 29, 2018 Appendix III: At the Station of Monza—A Song Inspired by Gaetano Bresci (by anonymous—early 1900s) Contents At the Monza station A train comes roaring in They killed the king Appendix I: Errico Malatesta on Bresci’s Deed . 11 Hit him with three bullets. Appendix II: Leo Tolstoy on the Killing of King Umberto 16 Appendix III: At the Station of Monza—A Song Inspired We will burn the churches and the altars, by Gaetano Bresci ................... 18 We will burn the buildings that hold them up With the guts of the last priest We will hang the pope and the king. Revolution yes, war on society, Revolution yes, war on society. Rather than living, living like this, Better to die for freedom, Better to die for freedom. And the Vatican will burn And the Vatican will burn And the Vatican will burn With the Pope inside. And if the government opposes it And if the government opposes it And if the government opposes it Revolution! Revolution yes, war on society, Revolution yes, war on society, Rather than living, than living like this, Better to die for freedom, Better to die for freedom! 18 3 cence of the murdered, but on account of the senselessness of those who commit them. -
Left History 15.1 216 Jennifer Guglielmo, Living the Revolution
Quark final draft.qxd 2/3/11 12:23 PM Page 216 216 Left History 15.1 Jennifer Guglielmo, Living the Revolution: Italian Women’s Resistance and Radicalism in New York City, 1880-1945 (Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 2010). This book is destined to change the way historians think about Italian American working-class women. The existing literature, Guglielmo observes, “has often emphasized the conservative and repressive nature of Latin patriarchal culture and ignored or underestimated the ways in which women carved out spaces to express their own power” (23), and studies of Italian American radicalism almost always focus on male leaders. But utilizing an extensive range of sources — including oral histories, radical publications, and government surveillance files — Living the Revolution presents a groundbreaking, compelling, and inspiring narrative that reveals a rich history of female resistance and radicalism. This radicalism mani- fested outside of political parties and mainstream unions, and instead took the form of acts of “everyday resistance” and participation in the anarchist and syn- dicalist movements. Employing the theories of James Scott, Guglielmo unearths the “hidden transcript” of Italian women’s resistance, bringing to light “the complex ways they challenged or thwarted communal and patriarchal control over their lives.” (124) Storytelling, spiritual practices, and the creation of informal “networks of mutual support and reciprocity” (118) all empowered women in their homes and commu- nities. Moreover, they regularly engaged in labour demonstrations, wildcat strikes, and joined anarchist groups and the syndicalist Industrial Workers of the World. Italians eventually did join the mainstream garment workers’ unions, but only after these organisations had proven themselves effective in the strike wave of 1909-19 and the Italians’ own anarchist groups and IWW locals had been repressed.