NPS Form 10-900 0MB No. 1024-0018 Rev. 8-OS United States Department of the Interior National Park Service National Register of Historic Places Registration Form 1. Name of Property historic name: Newport National His toric Landmark District other name/site number: 2. Location street& number: Roughly bounded by Kingston, Bellevue, Pope, Thames, Bridge. Newport Harbor. and Van Zandt not for publication: N/A city/town: Newport vicinity: N/A state: RI county: Kewport code: 005 zip code: 02840 3. Classification -‘ Ownership of Property: private, public-local, public-state, public-federal catego of Property: District Number of Resources within Property: Contributing Noncontributing 1319 135 bufldings 12 7 sites 1 0 structures 0 0 objects 1332 142 Total Number of contributing resources previously listed in the Nationai Register: N/A Name of related muitiple property listing: N/A iNITE’U BT’itS a ‘ZPARTMENT or THE :t:ciAL PAfl?< sz v;ca W AT:7kAL Suk’iY OF HcsTcRIc 5TE. AN SUILINNCS. - ---_n_rr_--------- - - - -. - -c cr-- - STArr cc l:Jda r1 mc 3CC üch L’Lr_co’one: - ‘‘ jIetOO1t Historic District . 50 r!Icin:.: acA SupPniritirv Shccl EAI1 LCCAricN C&’,iv, ti2,i4h, rr-it, ek .2/ Th ,iuJ. tIe’4pDrt, rmort_County. ±1. OWIEF Al:., :hil,"lor v4:rrne/.-OLn 3’uare 7z’d;or3 County. lshIngton/ - -------‘Thr±e, tLfcJ.±c ancTh5rxatc Th&--Prc nwatt.’n Society of .Nernoa Boundaries of the Historic District: Houses on both sides of and bested within the area enclosed by the following strsetó: Beginning at the juitetion of Thames arid Bridge .Street, vest on Bridge St. to Second St., south left on Second Street to Marsh St rest right on arsh St. to Washingtcn Strest north right on ‘i!ashington St. to Chestnut St.; east, risht hn Chestrvst Street to Third St., south right on Third St. to Walnut St..3 west laft on Walnut St. to Farewell St., southeast right on Farewell Street to Warner St., northast left on Viarner Street to Kingston Ave.. southeast ight or Kingston Ave. to West Broadway. southwest right on-West Sroadwsy to Oak Street, left southeast on Oak Street to Broadway, southwest tight en Brox-’sy to Bull. Street, left -southeast on Bull Street to Mt. Vernon St., right soixthu’est o:-r !-ft. Ve±nonSt. to Touro St., loft southeast on Tc-u.roSt. to Bsllevue Ave.. south right on Bellcvue Ave. to William St., west rigkrc on lilliam St.,tc Thomas St. and C-olden Hill, south left on Thomas St. and c-oukn.:i1J. to Spring St., south left on 6-t-ing St. to- Pope St., west right oi Po’m St. to cries St., and north right on Thames St. ahou’b one nile to it;’ junction with Eridge St., the beginning point. 7. Lnportane and DescriDtiorv. - vroort’s nonerouc Gsorçian structures lavishly illustrate the raid-lBth century architoctuxal history of one of the coloniest tnaor forts. Pecauseof the worh ol’ Richard Manday, master carpenter, and of Peter. .Hrrrirc-n. the n:st d:t.stinguished and brilliant, of the colonial architects, Newport a Geor1inn patlic building;; rank anqng the most advanced anu academIc in. st’Le of t2050 ex-ected in the colonies during the 18th century. NevorS’ unluc RlCflltCctUrs 12!tersacofl’!9± ot ho -wer, LS not OrlLfl10 8. S!sLlOCP’,PHCAL ;.EuEsI:cs Gr, br., .,urc:,; c’tt kri:fln Fl ,n,Trri.!crpls cr1 rare . Continued See poge 4 . - . - 0. Epons AN3 sTiO;5S Mt,:14rs j? repor’ uni ax. A’PS th.?v. L’A S, - - - .. - k].istoric Americer! Euilding Survey: Cj0rIC 12 POE5etU’,E ,-, - - .-, .. HS.T-tLE,.,. CAr.. -- I j’-jj. r :‘F,ç’r-.y ;c."y ‘r4r7 ‘ I3 CE lyE ESE. O;E CF PHJ13;><. ?MO ME GE Qt3G,’HE.IV ci o. or 1IEA YE. 0, *ILC IN PRC?1.F. NUb, lIVE EVfLc&E$. - -. 1F ADD!TU!’- CACE S iCOEL USE SJPP EFdENTA? SHE, 1O-317o. AND Ft TO Th.M NUM2E g- ;t. " UNITED STA1tS- - - - . DrARTMENT CF THZ INTL OR - -,- t 1’ c-... rZ ER’ ri ‘.t4 -SI NATONAL SURVEY 0 HSTO1C 5U1S AND 3U!LDiN3 - , - . SUPPLEMENTARY -SHEET ,, -- ‘-Thia sheet is to be used for giving additional information or con’nieth, for. more pse for- any item ;Ofl the - rsguiat- form, and for recording pertinent data from future sttzdiss visit.cttions, etc.’ ‘33e brief, bu use’ s many SuppkntentShects as neccssarv. Who ittms areMontinued thy should be list-ed, if possible, in numerical oHer of thQ its-. All ir.formatiou gicn should- be .heaa$d -by the item ziumber its name, andtie:ord cont’d; -á,’ Descripticu and cont’d - ‘ 6. importance - Page 2. ‘" -- - TAT NAMZ$Jz’F5r,E :- - . - " amede.Island’; - - Newport Historic District . ‘ - -- 7. Continued; -.- -. - -- - - fine public buildingt and: mansions of the:’ciea?;bh merchant, but also ‘in ths’ row-on-row of small 18th century dwell±ng and shops ‘that still largely -- occuny the old part of the city. - -- - Newport was founded in Nay 1639 by a siitafl band of men, under the leadership of John ,Clarke and William Coddington, from Massachuetts - Early industries were forming, fishing, and. shipbuilding. By 1680 Newport had, become a thriving seaport toern’oi’ some 4CC hduses and a large-s’cele’ trade with the middle and southern Colonics, the West Indies, and Europe. -- -t the beginning of the 18th century Rhode Island was more concerncd than -- any’ other Colony with the African slave trade1 and Newport ouickl became the chief Piiode- Island slave center. Many fortunes were amassed in the 1ove trade. Fifty or ‘sity Newport vessels, were engaged in this traffic. - and their owners were’ among the leading merchants of the city. - - 139 - ‘By 1761 Nep1ort had 888 dwelling houses end warehouses and stereb. Newrort ‘s era of- greatest prosperity ‘ror, ibo to 1775, and - . -- ‘its numerous surviving historic structures largely date froth these ‘golddn - years. ‘- Tas brilliant outlook, however, was completely underined by - - -the outbreak of the ‘Revolution.’ On December 8, 1776, the British army, under General Henry Clinton, occupied Newport 2nd retained pdâsession ‘ until. October 25,- 17792 The city’s potulation declined frost 9,2c9in 1774 to 5,229 by :y6 ond cuntwrued t deceaco By l7b4 it arrcmted to on.çr ,OO0. Under the pressure of the American’ blockade,, house after housie was torn down by the British ‘to meet the need for ‘fire-wood, until come h8Q build- - ings of various kinds were destroyed. ‘ American troops rececupied Newport on October 26, 1779. The French army arrived at NewpoaLt on"July 10, 1780 and remnihed there ‘,untiljune’ 1781.’ -‘‘ ‘ -‘ - With the coming of.;c-ace, Newport’s fprmer trade failed to revive, and - not until, the’ first decade of the 19th centary did the city lovly begin to recover’ from. the" effects of ti’ie Revolution. This revival ‘was checked and - tne city ,c-it .nto a’ni;e: decl m as a result of thc Th’cso ‘rt of l8O - uNrno scrE nE?ARTMFN 1’ CF 1 nE INTE*R ‘-,. - - - ‘ .‘- .,, RT1ONAI SURVEV CF HiSTORIC $flS AND &HWNcS -‘ -- WPPLEMENTARY SHaT ‘ ‘ ‘ - T1u sheet is’to he used for giving additional information or comments, for more epr.ce, for any: ,item.c- the "eu1ar b m, ano for recotding pc’-tment atL nen t1,tu-e sL2dles, vi1tahons, ec B brief, but use e in Supplement Shests sa aecessary. When items ar xmtinaod they should be listed, if’ pO3Sible,,1nnumeflCL ordsr of thn iteas All 1nfnrnatton g’cn should b’ headee oi tm "em ntmbpr name, end ths s’eord emit d rs .‘. 2 , . Description and imporlanc? cont’d , Page 3. 5T5,TC ‘ ‘ ‘ NAMES OFSIT - -‘- !thoe Island -- Neport RictLr_c Dastr±ct 7. Continued: -‘ ‘ - and 1809, and’the War of 1812. From 1815 to 1828 Ncwport,remained in a state of suspended animation and it was not until the 1830’s that the city again began to prosper. This time its ‘-cwth was as a summer resort and not as a port. ‘ " ‘ ‘. ‘‘ Condition Newport’s’ history--the era of great prosperity- from -lyUo to’. 1775,. and the two great depressions of 1775 to ‘i8oo and 1815 to 1830, are clearly, icible In the city’s surviving historic architecture. Seventeenth century iewport was a town of some -0O houses, nearly all built of ‘wood and with only a handiuJ, constructed of stone. ,These structures were all medieval in design and construction. Only 10 of these early houses, the largest number in any ‘Rhode Island town, have survived. All of these, however, were heanLly remodeled or incorporated as ‘wings into larger structures that, were erected during the 18th century. The best *preservea, although considerably remodeled of Newport’s 17th century structures is the Wanton-Lyman-Hazard House. - ‘ - By the mid-l8th century, as a result of its great wealth; Newport had rebuilt itself,’ changing froth’ a medieval ldoking town of steer--pitched, ±cofs, turrets, and overhanging cornices to an urban’ center of Georgian churches, rublic buildings, and houses. The new or remodeled buildinsis were still nearly all constructed of wood and as late as 1793 there were still - ‘only bix brick structures in the town, including ‘tile, Brick Market and C?t’ State -House. ‘ ‘ - ‘‘ ‘ - There were about 1,100 buildings standing in Newtort at the begirming of the Revolutionary- War. Of these, at least 300 are still - 4. standing today. and another hundred, erected between-l78t’ and iS1o end-’ " - Illustrative of the Federal and Greek Revival styles, have also sinvived. Built during the depression years, these latter structurecre largely - overshadowed by the ‘many fine ,rre-Revolutionnry houses. - s’na historic ctructu,res are largely concentrat;ed near the vaterfi-ont and situated tith’in 18th centdny limits of ,the town.