Studies on the Fauna of Curaçao, Aruba, Bonaire and the Venezuelan Islands: No
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59 Studies on the Fauna of Curaçao, Aruba, Bonaire and the Venezuelan Islands: No. 2 A survey of the mammals, lizards and mollusks Introduction p. 59. Mammalia 60. p. Sauria 73. p. Gastropoda p. 86. 103. Bibliography p. This annotated list of the mammals, lizards and mollusks of the Leeward Group, is based on author’s collection and therefore includes additional mainland-records of the island-species. the As a rule a short commentary is given only as a guide to adopted nomenclature and classification, in case of controversial data settled, if for of which are not yet important our knowledge regional distribution, mentioning vernacular names. Regarding the mammals, all known material-records are included. Species of Peropteryx, Gonatodes, Phyllodactylus, Anolis, Ameiva, Cnemidophorus, Gymnophthalmus, Potamopyrgus, and especially those of Odocoileus, Sylvilagus, Tudora and Cerion are more extensively treated. listed behind Generally new synonyms are separately sole bibliographical references. Station-numbers of mollusk-records have are printed in italics if living specimens been collected. Other specimens which were not obtained in a fresh state are only localities approximatively dated. Important new are indicated by an exclamation-mark. I am much indebted to Tera van Benthem Jutting (Amsterdam), Horace Burrington Baker (Philadelphia) and Horace G. Richards (Trenton, N.J.) for their help in naming some difficult mollusks, to L. D. Brongersma (Leiden) for some herpetological information, and to M. A. C. Hint on (London) for examining a few small rodents. The greater part of the material has been presented to the Netherland State Museum, Leiden, the Zoological Museum of 60 Amsterdam and the Zoological Museum of the State-University in Utrecht. MAMMALIA PRIMATES CEBIDAE Cebus margaritae Hollister, 1914 Robinson, 1896, p. 651 (sub apella); Allen, Gl. M., 1902, p. 97 (sub fatuellus); Hollister, 1914, p. 105. MARGARITA, 13.VII.1895, 1 teste Robinson et Hollister. spec., Margarita. ARTIODACTYLA CERVIDAE Odocoileus Rafinesque, 1832 Cervinae, with distal portion of lateral metacarpals persisting, naviculo-cuboid of tarsus free from cuneiform, vomer dividing aperture of posterior nares, canines sub-basal from inner surface of upper lacking, snag rising complex Bolivia and northern Brasil. antlers, spotted young. Alaska to Peru, Key to the South American species [chiefly from literature] to colours la Pelage long-haired, hairs on back 35—55 mm long; greyish 2 predominating (.— in the mountains at higher altitudes —) lb Pelage short-haired, hairs on back to 20—-30 mm long; yellowish the at low and brownish colours predominating ( — in mountains altitudes and in the lowlands —) 3 foot, 2a Blackish eye-ring, complete of fragmentary; dark spot on base of Colombian dark line in front of underpart of leg; no metatarsal-gland Andes, Sierra de Merida .—) Od. columbicus (Fitzinger, 1879) [Od. lasiotis Osgood, 1914] 2b Whitish eye-ring; without dark markings on leg; no metatarsal-gland (■— Andes of Ecuador, Peru, Bolivia and probably northern Chile —) (Od. peruvianas (Gray, 1874) 3a Greyish-brown colours predominating; upperparts often varied with stiff; much black; hairs on back to 30 mm long, rather erect, not probably and — Brasil eastern no metatarsal-gland ( Guyana, northern probably Venezuela -—) Od. spinosus (Gay et Gervais, 1846) [Cervus savannarum Cabanis et Schomburgk, 1848] colours 3b Yellowish or reddish-brown predominating; upperparts varied hairs to stiff; with little black; on back 20 mm long, smoothened, no metatarsal-gland ( — Venezuela, Colombia, Curasao, Margarita and probably Guyana and northern Brasil —) Od. gymnotis (Wiegmann, 1833) [71 Cervus mangivorus Schrank, 1818. ? Cervus goudotii Gay et Gervais, 1846. Gymnotis wiegmanni Fitzinger, 1879. Odocoileus margaritae Osgood, 1910] 61 Key to the subspecies of Odocoileus gymnotis [data on Od. gymn. tropicalis from literature] la Outside of ears well haired; reddish-brown colours predominating ( —western Colombia; type-locality: Valley of the Dagua —) Od. gymnotis tropicalis Cabrera, 1918 lb Outside of ears sparsely haired; yellowish or brownish-yellow colours predominating ( — eastern Colombia, Venezuela, Curasao and Margarita —) 2 Outside of 2a ears rarely nearly naked in centre; upperparts generally small blackish brownish greyish-yellow; usually a very spot in upper postorbital region; frequently a small but distinct black antorbital spot; often a rather distinct blackish neckstreak 3 2b Outside of ears often nearly naked in centre; upperparts generally blackish in greyish brownish-yellow; no spot upper postorbital region; distinct antorbital distinct no black spot; sometimes a rather blackish neckstreak 4 3a Generally a small but distinct black antorbital spot; usually a rather distinct blackish neckstreak ( — Curasao; type-locality —) Od. gymnotis curassavicus subsp. nov. black antorbital without rather distinct 3b Probably no distinct spot; a blackish neckstreak (•— La Goajira and probably Santa Marta district —) considered identical with Od. gymnotis curassavicus ■4a Frontals usually rather abruptly elevated and rather strongly ridged medially, probably rarely deeply indented between base of pedicel and orbit (— assumed to occur in northern Venezuela only; type-locality: des Orenoco" Od. 1833) "Gegend —) ... gymnotis gymnotis (Wiegmann, 4b Frontals usually abruptly elevated and strongly ridged medially, usually deeply indented between base of pedicel and orbit (— Margarita; type-locality —) Od. gymnotis margaritae Osgood, 1910 of South American Rising from our incomplete and often confusing knowledge the and in rather deer, accepted species subspecies are delimitated a arbitrary way. General data on Odocoileus gymnotis [Observed in Curasao (c), Margarita (m), the mainland of Venezuela (v) Venezuelan and The Hague, from specimens which were brought from the mainland, state of Sucre(n).] The 2—3 months of their the have white- first life, young a conspicuous soft and erect than older spotted coat, the hairs generally are more in the rather with specimens, upperparts are equally vivid yellowish-brown, often reddish the first moult the is still rather a slight tinge (c, v, n). After pelage soft, but in other respects is quite the same as those of the adults (c, v, n). colour Resulting from the design of the hair, the brown or brownish-yellow is in the remnants of the white more obvious fresh-moulted pelage. Vague spots adult state — may be observed in in mediodorsal region (c, m, v, n). Impregn- the of 1 the gestation about lYi months ation may occur at age year (n); being in March (n). Whelping occurs February (c, n), (n), April (n), June (v, n). V, y, H 17 m. 233 221 207 200 145 69 40 71 65 28 49 40 67 55 ? y 16 m. 7oy 4oy 71 67 30 47 41 69 57 Margarita 240 230 214 205 149 15 m. 68^ 54H 240 229 213 204 149 32 72 67 30 49 39 68 ) V, y? 14 f. 209 197 183 179 (66) 39 (66) (66 (25) (41) 33 60 54 a V? a m. v.d.H. 71 76^ 49 35 55 248 235 217 209^ 153 42 67 27 69 averaged) 2 9 m. 7y — — 71'/ 41 78 32 50 42 72 57 gymnotis 256 215 156 6 2 y H right 8 m. 5'A 72 42 69 29 50 37 68 56 151 7 Curasao 248 232 217 209 and y, V, H 7 m. 721 75? 69? 39'A 57H 251 236 217 210 150 42 31 53 73? Odocoileus left J/2 H A l 6 m. 6. 72 42 69 68^ 25 47 37 67 54 lines; 232 220 202 197 140 2 adult J* H 5 m. 7oy 24^ 35^ TABLE 235 222 205^ 200 143 41 71 68 45 64 54 in straight . in canal Skull-measurements distances condyle choana incision auditory process of series series nasalbone mm; of occipital of edge border 1 (in P 3 -alveoles -alveoles -alveoles tip of of molariform -alveoles 2 2 1 molariform 1 NP-M P M M supraoccipital intercondyloid anterior anterior P back front of median upper of of of upper upper of — of of inner-edges outer-edges inner-edges outer-edges premaxilla— premaxilla— premaxilla— premaxilla premaxilla— premaxilla— premaxilla— Locality Number of of of of of crown-length crown-length of alveolar-lenght between between between between of Sex tip tip tip tip tip tip tip a 17 39H 37H 19H 42H 185 67 119 97 55 101 77 49 60 31 16 80 20 — — — — — 7Vi H 4'A 66M 83H 31M m 17 52 60 4 85 25 — — — — — 191 1 122 40 39 101 58 105 2 7oy \7Vi 33M X 194 121 39 38 100 57 105 84 51 63 19 15 41 90 35 — — — — — H H a H H J* 51H 26H 19 16 X 73M 163 14 107 39 34 82 44 85 64 42 52 36 75 171 163 160 (52H) 87 2 2 2 73H V m 44H 7oy 72H 200 20 127 40 39 104 59 110 80 47 65 33 20 94 22 206 my 183 110 208 74 20 130 39 39 112 61 113 85 — 64 — — — — 90 26 207 191 184 70 72 H 73^ 200 21 129 38 39 104 61 109 80 55 63 32 20 19 45 85 22 — — — — — 2 7V/ 15H 23 74 203 21 127 40 37 111 64 111 80 52 59 34 19 43 95 — 190 185 (65H) 101? 2 H 66V 19H 18 19 56^ 187 17 120 37 36 98 55 100 70 51 61 32 44 90 194 178 174 79 93 J* H M 16 77H 190 68 18 122 37 35 97 55 98 73 53 59 32 20 20 44 90 191 179 175 58 96 . .... .... magnum .... basisphenoid process process foramen part orbit and of series of narrowest skull-axis arches tubercles condyles condyles innerside on process supraoccipital supraoccipital 1 border to condyle process basal-level skull-axis parietalbone P nuchal molariform of prominences occipital occipital — anterior to zygomatical processes opposite basal-level averaged orbits across of of coronoid dentary angular nasalbone perpendicular orbit front lower process of — parallel of of nasalbone process of of nasalbone mastoid pedicel, of orbit, orbit, border paraoccipital braincase inner-edges outer-edges — borders outside of — near tubercles tip length of premaxilla forehead mandible mandible mandible mandible coronoid — of of of — — — — — — of of of of median median of posterior between between between supraoccipital between between diameter of of alveolar-length breadth tip width height breadth height nuchal top top top tip tip top 64 number of rule 1 July (v), August (c, v) and December (n); young as a (c.