DOCSLIB.ORG

Cambridge University Press 978-1-107-01799-3 — Memory and Justice in Post-Genocide Rwanda Timothy Longman Index More Information 365

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Cambridge University Press 978-1-107-01799-3 — Memory and Justice in Post-Genocide Rwanda Timothy Longman Index More Information 365 Cambridge University Press 978-1-107-01799-3 — Memory and Justice in Post-Genocide Rwanda Timothy Longman Index More Information 365 Index Abega clan, 61 Astrida. See Butare, city of administrative reorganization, 160 – 63 AVEGA, 170 popular opinions of, 214 – 16 purpose of, 161 Bagilishema, Ignace, 208 , 209 , 281 , 285 Aegis Trust, 12 Banyamulenge, 145 Kigali Memorial Centre, 5 , 80 – 81 Bashingantahe , 111 Murambi genocide memorial, 6 , 7 , 8 Belgium African National Congress, 320 colonial rule, 49 – 50 , 82 agricultural policy, 175 – 77 genocide trials, 95 Amnesty International, 29 , 98 post- colonial inl uence, 84 amplii ed silence, 87 Benebekire, 200 Angola Bisesero involvement in Congo war, 146 community, 325 Ansoms, An, 174 , 177 , 180 , 184 genocide massacre, 76 , 77 , 208 , 300 anthem, national genocide memorial, 5 , 77 , 88 , 94 popular reactions to, 218 Bizimungu, Pasteur, 141 , 147 , 154 replacement of, 160 foundation of opposition party, Arbour, Louise, 107 164 , 168 Arendt, Hannah, 98 Bizumuremyi, Bonaventure, 133 Argentina, 14 , 316 Bosnia- Herzegovina, 14 Armenian genocide, 99 Brasilia, 157 Army of the King, 149 Brazil, 14 , 316 arrest Brothers of Charity, 197 under false accusations, 21 , 119 , 123 , Buckley- Zistel, Susanne, 251 131 , 193 , 205 , 210 Bugesera, 67 , 202 of genocidaires , 93 , 149 , 204 , 262 , Bujumbura, 198 284 , 296 Bumba, 207 as intimidation, 29 , 31 , 120 , 142 , Burnet, Jennie, 87 , 231 149 , 156 , 169 , 192 , 203 , 229 , 252 , Burundi, 197 , 198 , 202 , 265 253 , 267 Bashingantahe system in, 111 of journalists, 31 , 171 involvement in Congo war, 144 of political opponents, 149 , 164 , 165 as place of refuge, 117 , 119 , politically motivated, 13 , 123 , 141 , 169 , 190 , 201 172 , 196 , 213 , 214 , 223 , 229 , 235 , Tutsi refugees in, 44 , 46 , 136 , 138 , 149 , 301 , 327 203 , 240 , 330 Arthur, Paige, 316 , 334 Butare Arusha Peace Accords, 75 , 141 , 150 , 158 , city of, 18 , 19 , 118 , 190 – 94 , 196 – 206 203 , 212 province of, 117 , 197 , 202 Ashworth, G.A., 72 Butare prison, 204 Association Modeste et Innocent, 169 Buye, 198 Association of Genocide Widows Agahozo. Buyoga commune, 18 , 210 – 14 See AVEGA Byanafashe, Déogratias, 46 365 © in this web service Cambridge University Press www.cambridge.org Cambridge University Press 978-1-107-01799-3 — Memory and Justice in Post-Genocide Rwanda Timothy Longman Index More Information 366 366 Index Byuma, François- Xavier, 132 constitution of 2003, 16 Byumba popular opinions of, 218 , 219 city, 211 reform process, 163 province, 18 , 21 , 255 term limits in, 167 Convention on the Prevention and Cahiers Lumière et Société , 53 Punishment of the Crime of Call, Charles T., 102 Genocide. See Genocide Convention Cambodia, 97 , 316 Côte d’Ivoire, 97 Canada Cruvellier, Thierry, 109 genocide trials, 95 Cyanika genocide massacre, 2 , 3 Cassese, Antonio, 99 Cyarwa, 199 Catholic Church, 62 – 63 in Butare, 199 Darfur, 97 in Buyoga, 211 Day of Heroes, 80 and ethnicity, 45 , 49 decentralization, 160 – 63 implication in 1994 genocide, 55 popular opinions of, 214 – 16 in Kibuye, 208 Del Ponte, Carla, 107 reconciliation programs, 169 democracy movement, 9 ceceka , 292n. 53 Democratic Green Party of Rwanda, 165 Central African Republic, 97 Democratic Republican Movement, 54 , Chakravarty, Anuradha, 156 141 , 154 , 218 Chile, 14 , 316 in Butare, 200 Chrétien, Jean- Pierre, 42 parliamentary committee on, 59 , 164 Churchill, Winston, 35 suppression of, 164 civil society democratization, 163 – 65 before 1994, 10 , 62 in Mabanza commune, 208 dangers of participation in, 141 popular opinions of, 216 – 18 , 220 – 21 , 224 domination by returnees, 130 purpose of, 163 involvement in research project, 35 Denmark, 316 suppression of, 31 , 88 , 132 , 143 , Des Forges, Alison, 39 147 , 168 – 72 Deutsch, Karl, 36 Civil Society Platform, 170 Dialogue , 132 clans, 38 , 47 Diop, Boubacar Boris, 5 Clark, Phil, 280 , 317 divisionism, 56 , 57 , 58 , 217 Coalition for the Defense of the accusations against MDR, 164 Republic, 41 impact of law, 225 colonialism law against, 168 , 170 , 223 , 226 , 230 , as source of social division, 49 – 50 , 235 , 255 , 319 , 322 265 Dobson, William, 166 community service, 179 double genocide theory, 58 , 127 as alternative to prison, 116 , 124 , 298 East Timor, 14 competitive authoritarianism, 166 economy of Rwanda Congo, Democratic Republic of, 14 , 47 prior to 1994, 9 attacks by RPF in, 109 , 121 , 143 , 204 since 1994, 12 , 184 – 85 , 204 attacks on refugees, 32 education corruption in, 131 bias in, 6 , 49 , 240 , 241 – 42 i rst war, 108 , 125 , 144 reform of, 17 , 146 Hutu refugees in, 11 , 12 , 140 , as tool of transitional justice, 15 150 , 201 Egypt, 166 and International Criminal Court, 97 Eichman, Adolf, 98 invasion by RPF, 58 El Salvador, 14 second war, 108 , 146 , 153 elections Tutsi refugees in, 44 critiques of, 163 – 66 Congo- Nile Crest, 207 for gacaca judges, 205 © in this web service Cambridge University Press www.cambridge.org Cambridge University Press 978-1-107-01799-3 — Memory and Justice in Post-Genocide Rwanda Timothy Longman Index More Information 367 Index 367 1999 local, 163 historic precedent, 111 2001 local, 163 , 205 , 214 impact of, 305 2003 constitutional referendum, 163 operation of, 113 2003 parliamentary, 163 , 164 politicization of, 301 2003 presidential, 163 , 164 , 227 – 29 popular opinions of, 289 – 302 2008 parliamentary, 165 problem of participation in, 292 2010 presidential, 165 structure of, 112 2017 presidential, 167 Gahima, Gerald, 106 , 115 , 129 , 305 , 331 Enola Gay controversy, 72 Gatwaro Stadium, 208 Episcopal Church, 147 Gatzinsi, Marcel, 200 in Butare, 199 Geneva Conventions, 96 ethnicity genocidaires , 306 centrality to gacaca courts, 127 , 304 , actions in the genocide, 108 324 arbitrary execution of, 262 colonial policy, 38 – 40 , 49 – 50 arrest of, 93 , 121 , 149 , 204 de- ethnicization, 159 community service by, 179 origins of conl ict, 237 , 238 confessions by, 133 , 281 origins of Hutu, Tutsi, and Twa, 37 , 47 denunciation of, 122 , 304 popular perceptions of, 236 – 38 equation of Hutu with, 130 quota system, 40 in gacaca, 296 , 297 restrictions on discussing, 146 in ICTR, 283 role in 1994 genocide, 41 – 44 impact of ICTR on, 108 in trials, 128 – 31 imprisonment of, 121 , 282 , 302 involvement in reconciliation by, 115 , FARG. See National Fund for Genocide 124 , 294 , 297 , 303 Survivors need for accountability for, 120 Farmer, Paul, 28 outside Rwanda, 106 , 143 Finland reasons for participation in genocide, 42 genocide trials, 95 trials of, 16 , 123 , 290 , 305 First Republic, 50 – 52 , 85 , 208 genocide l ag causes of, 50 – 55 , 242 popular reactions to, 218–19 centrality to Rwandan history, 52 – 56 replacement of, 160 failure of United Nations to stop, 105 Forces Armées Rwandaise . See Rwandan history of 1994 Rwandan Armed Forces genocide, 10 – 11 Forces démocratiques unii ées Inkingi. See need for trials, 103 United Democratic Forces- Inkingi popular interpretations of, 245 – 53 forgetting, sites of, 84 – 87 responsibility of international Forum of Political Parties, 152 , 154 , 170 community, 5 , 54 , 56 , 77 , 105 , 284 France. See also Zone Turquoise role of ethnicity, 41 – 44 charges against RPF ofi cials, 333 words for in Kinyarwanda, 245 collective memory in, 71 , 234 Genocide Convention, 97 Loiret- Butare development project, 198 genocide ideology relations with Rwanda, 198 accusations against MDR, 164 role in 1994 genocide, 54 belief in persistence of, 157 transitional justice in, 316 charges against Victoire Frazier, Jendayi, 71 Ingabire, 165 Free Methodist Church, 147 impact of law, 220 , 225 , 230 , 263 , 264 , Fujii, Lee Ann, 42 267 , 306 , 308 law against, 169 , 235 , 319 gacaca courts, 95 , 123 – 26 , 271 – 79 parliamentary committee on, 170 corruption in, 300 – 01 Gikongoro province, 6 , 11 , 67 , 205 creation of, 111 – 13 genocide in, 1 – 3 , 200 exclusion of RPF crimes, 124 , 125 Gisenyi province, 150 , 208 goals of, 113 – 17 Gisovu prison, 91 – 95 © in this web service Cambridge University Press www.cambridge.org Cambridge University Press 978-1-107-01799-3 — Memory and Justice in Post-Genocide Rwanda Timothy Longman Index More Information 368 368 Index Gisunzu commune, 209 interpretations of the genocide by, 249 Gitarama province, 122 intimidation of, 132 , 142 , 149 Gitesi commune, 207 language for 1994 violence, 245 Gitikinini, 207 opinions of gacaca, 296 , 308 Gitwa, 208 opinions on commemorations, 261 Goldstone, Richard, 107 opinions on ethnic relations, 250 – 51 Golias, 63 opinions of pre- genocide Gourevitch, Phillip, 28 governments, 126 Groupe Scolaire, 197 , 199 , 201 participation in the genocide, 53 , Guatemala, 101 55 , 129 guilt, collective, 130 , 304 , 324 perspectives on revolution of Gurr, Ted, 185 , 331 1959, 239 – 40 post- genocide experienes of, 193 – 94 Habyalimana, Jean- Baptiste, 199 in post- genocide government, 141 Habyarabatuma, Cyriaque, 200 in pre- genocide governments, 51 , 54 Habyarimana, Juvénal, 40 , 43 , 54 , refugees. See refugees: Hutu 84 , 208 RPF attacks on, 30 , 8 , 11 , assassination of, 10 , 190, 192 , 247 , 145 , 148 248 , 251 sites of forgetting and, 86 government of, 10 , 21 , 41 , 51 , 53 , 56 , social divisions among, 94 , 131 92 , 126 , 138 , 265 as target of false accusations, 119 , 123 opposition to, 62 Hutu militia policies of, 82 , 173 , 199 , 241 in the DRC, 145 , 146 Halbwachs, Maurice, 35 in the insurgency in the Hamitic hypothesis, 39 northwest, 145 handicapped involvement in 1994 genocide, 1 – 3 , representation in parliament, 168 5 , 10 , 76 , 92 , 129, 200 , 201 , 208 , high modernism, 156 246 , 272 history after 1994, 143 , 213 curriculum revision project, 19 , 34 , participation in ingando camps, 158 60 – 64 , 318 training by France, 54 moratorium on teaching, 46 Hutu Power, 43 , 54 , 140 , 142n. 20 , 192 ofi cial narrative, 44– 60 , 266 popular narratives, 236 – 57 Ibis Hotel and Restaurant, 198 , 204 role in 1994 genocide, 37 Ibuka, 55 , 171 , 261 , 293 Hobsbawm, Eric, 36 identity cards, 40 , 57 , 146 , 149 , 222 , Hodgkin, Katharine, 36 237 , 238 Huggins, Christopher, 175–76 ideology.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Chapter 2 Political Background
    Chapter 2 Political Background Early History The area presently occupied by Rwanda has been inhabited since the 1300s. By the 17th century a kingdom was established inhabited by Hutus, Tutsis and Twa. Rwanda first became a German protectorate in 1884, and under the name Ruanda-Urundi, became part of German East Africa in 1890. After the First World War, it came under Belgian administration under a League of Nations mandate, and after World War II Ruanda-Urundi became a UN trust territory with Belgium as the administrative authority. Towards Independence After the Second World War, Rwanda continued to be administered by Belgium. In 1959, as the independence movement gathered pace, the ruling Tutsi elite formed a political party, Union Nationale Rwandaise. The Belgian authorities encouraged the Hutu majority also to aspire to political power and, in the same year, a rival party, Parti de l’émancipation du peuple Hutu (Parmehutu), was established. As the 1960 local elections approached, Parmehutu initiated a Hutu uprising resulting in the death of many Tutsis and forcing King Kigeri V and tens of thousands of Tutsis to flee into exile in Uganda and Burundi. In 1961 the monarchy was abolished. Independent Rwanda Rwanda achieved independence from Belgium in 1962, with Parmehutu leader Gregoire Kayibanda as President; many more Tutsis left the country and those who remained faced continuing state-sponsored violence and institutionalised discrimination. The most serious eruption of violence at this time was triggered in 1963 by an incursion from Burundi of exiled Rwandan Tutsis and resulted in the death of at least 15,000 Tutsis at the hands of Hutu gangs.
    [Show full text]
  • Rwanda – Ett Land Med Stora Utmaningar Med Etniska Motsättningar En Fallstudie Om Rwanda Och Subkulturell Pluralism
    Kandidatuppsats Rwanda – ett land med stora utmaningar med etniska motsättningar En fallstudie om Rwanda och subkulturell pluralism Författare: Lina Hedberg Handledare: Patric Lindgren Examinator: Martin Nilsson Termin: VT20 Ämne: Statsvetenskap Nivå: Kandidat Kurskod: 2SK31E Abstract The purpose of the study is to investigate if the presence of subcultural pluralism has affected Rwanda’s democratisation negatively. The study’s question is therefore: Are subcultural pluralism an explanation of Rwanda’s low degree of democracy? To answer this, I have chosen to do an explanatory case study and the study is theory consuming. The study’s theoretical framework consists of Robert A Dahls part theory about subcultural pluralism from his work Polyarchy. Other materials used in the study is secondary material which is used to describe Rwanda’s political history. Another important source is Freedom House “Freedom in the world”- reports about Rwanda from the period 1995-2019. The analysis shows that Rwanda do not meet Robert A Dahls three criteria’s about subcultural pluralism. If a country meets his criteria’s they have a good chance of democratization even though they have a high degree of subcultural pluralism. If the country does not meet his criteria’s they have a low chance to democratize. The study shows that Rwanda's leading party RPF has adopted several measures that have complicated the oppositions situation to operate in the country and Rwanda's subcultural groups hutu and twa are excluded from political processes. The result shows that Rwanda has low chances of democratisation. It also shows that subcultural pluralism is one explanation to the country’s low degree of democracy.
    [Show full text]
  • Seventeen Years After the 1994 War and Genocide
    COUNTRIES AT THE CROSSROADS COUNTRIES AT THE CROSSROADS 2011: RWANDA 1 TIMOTHY LONGMAN INTRODUCTION Seventeen years after the 1994 war and genocide that killed an estimated 800,000 people, Rwanda has made significant progress on stability and economic development but remains highly authoritarian, a country where dissent is not tolerated and regime critics are harassed, arrested, and sometimes killed. Even as the regime has gained international praise for good governance and competent economic management, the Rwandan Patriotic Front (RPF) and President Paul Kagame have tightened their control of Rwanda‘s social and political life. The executive branch dominates the government, with neither parliament nor the judiciary providing any real check on presidential power. By preventing serious opposition, Kagame and the RPF used the 2008 parliamentary and 2010 presidential elections to consolidate their power, winning overwhelming majorities. The 1994 genocide remains a central point of departure for public policy, and the government regularly invokes the need to prevent future ethnic violence as justification for restrictions on civil liberties. A 2001 law against ―divisionism‖ and a 2008 law against ―genocide ideology‖ have been used to stifle free speech by equating criticism of the regime with support for ethnic hatred. Government domination of civil society remains intense, and few vestiges of the independent press remain following several years of intense suppression. Even average citizens must censor their conversations, since open discussion of ethnicity is regarded as divisionism and can lead to imprisonment. Overwhelmingly focused on prosecuting genocide crimes since 1995, the justice system has begun to shift its concentration to ordinary criminal matters.
    [Show full text]
  • Struggling to Survive: Barriers to Justice for Rape Victims in Rwanda
    Human Rights Watch September 2004 Vol. 16, No. 10(A) STRUGGLING TO SURVIVE: BARRIERS TO JUSTICE FOR RAPE VICTIMS IN RWANDA I. SUMMARY ........................................................................................................................... 1 II. RECOMMENDATIONS.............................................................................................. 4 III. BACKGROUND ............................................................................................................ 7 Sexual Violence during the 1994 Genocide.......................................................................... 7 Rwandan Women in the Post-Genocide Period................................................................10 IV. BARRIERS TO JUSTICE FOR SEXUAL VIOLENCE CRIMES .....................13 Genocide Prosecutions in the Rwandan Legal System.....................................................13 General Context..................................................................................................................13 Legislation Governing Genocide Trials and Gacaca.....................................................14 Cases of Sexual Violence in Genocide Trials and Gacaca Proceedings.....................18 Obstacles to Reporting Sexual Violence .............................................................................22 Victims’ Concerns Regarding Lack of Evidence ...........................................................23 Stigmatization, Retraumatization, and Inadequate Procedural Protections for Witnesses..............................................................................................................................24
    [Show full text]
  • Rwanda Page 1 of 16
    Rwanda Page 1 of 16 2005 Human Rights Report Released | Daily Press Briefing | Other News... Rwanda Country Reports on Human Rights Practices - 2005 Released by the Bureau of Democracy, Human Rights, and Labor March 8, 2006 Rwanda is a constitutional republic dominated by a strong presidency. The population was 8.4 million. The largely Tutsi Rwandan Patriotic Front (RPF), took power in 1994 and formed a government of National Unity that functioned during the transitional period following the civil war and genocide until 2003, when President Paul Kagame was elected to a seven-year term in largely peaceful but seriously marred elections. The country was affected by continuing instability in the eastern Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC), where armed rebel groups continued to operate with impunity despite the presence of a UN peacekeeping mission in the DRC. During the first two months of the year, there were unconfirmed reports from credible sources that Rwanda Defense Forces (RDF) troops were at times present in the eastern part of the DRC, particularly following public threats by the Rwandan president in December 2004, which indicated that the government might send RDF troops into the DRC to attack Hutu rebels deemed a threat to its security. However, the government publicly denied allegations that RDF troops were operating in the DRC. Unlike in the previous year, there were no reports that Rwandan rebels in the DRC, known as the Democratic Forces for the Liberation of Rwanda (FDLR), conducted attacks in the northwestern region of Rwanda. The FDLR, largely made up of Rwandan Hutus who fled to the DRC in 1994 after the genocide, continued to be led by many individuals responsible for leading the genocide, and it continued to actively oppose the Kagame government.
    [Show full text]
  • Rwanda Assessment
    Rwanda, Country Information Page 1 of 54 RWANDA ASSESSMENT October 2002 Country Information and Policy Unit I SCOPE OF DOCUMENT II GEOGRAPHY III ECONOMY IV HISTORY V STATE STRUCTURES VIA HUMAN RIGHTS ISSUES VIB HUMAN RIGHTS - SPECIFIC GROUPS VIC HUMAN RIGHTS - OTHER ISSUES ANNEX A: CHRONOLOGY OF MAJOR EVENTS ANNEX B: POLITICAL ORGANISATIONS ANNEX C: PROMINENT PEOPLE ANNEX D: CATEGORISATION OF GENOCIDE CRIMES REFERENCES TO SOURCE MATERIAL 1. SCOPE OF DOCUMENT 1.1 This assessment has been produced by the Country Information and Policy Unit, Immigration and Nationality Directorate, Home Office, from information obtained from a wide variety of recognised sources. The document does not contain any Home Office opinion or policy. 1.2 The assessment has been prepared for background purposes for those involved in the asylum / human rights determination process. The information it contains is not exhaustive. It concentrates on the issues most commonly raised in asylum / human rights claims made in the United Kingdom. 1.3 The assessment is sourced throughout. It is intended to be used by caseworkers as a signpost to the source material, which has been made available to them. The vast majority of the source material is readily available in the public domain. 1.4 It is intended to revise the assessment on a six-monthly basis while the country remains within the top 35 asylum-seeker producing countries in the United Kingdom. http://194.203.40.90/ppage.asp?section=191&title=Rwanda%2C%20Country%20Informati...o 11/25/2002 Rwanda, Country Information Page 2 of 54 2. GEOGRAPHY 2.1 The Rwandan Republic is a land-locked country in east-central Africa, just south of the Equator, bordered by the Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC) to the west, Uganda to the north, Tanzania to the east and Burundi to the south.
    [Show full text]
  • MEMORANDUM Eurac
    For a stronger commitment to peace and democracy in the Great Lakes Region Memorandum EU – Legislature 2014-2019 ADF Allied Democratic Forces (Armed Ugandan FDU-Inkingi Unified Democratic group active in the DRC) Forces-Inkingi (Rwanda) AETA Action for Transparent and Peaceful FNL1 National Liberation Front For a stronger commitment 1 Burundian armed group Elections (DRC) that officially abandoned FRODEBU Front for Democracy in Burundi armed struggle in 2009, but ANR National Intelligence Agency (DRC) HRW Human Rights Watch to peace and democracy some elements of which are APRODH Association for the Protection of Human still present in the DRC. Rights and Detained Persons (Burundi) ICC International Criminal Court 2 International Tin Research in the Great Lakes Region Institute. AU African Union ICGLR International Conference on the Great BE Belgium Lakes Region 2 BINUB United Nations Integrated Office in iTSCi ITRI Tin Supply Chain Initiative Burundi JADF Joint Action Development Forum (Rwanda) BNUB United Nations Office in Burundi LIPRODHOR Rwandan League for the Promotion Memorandum CAR Central African Republic and Defence of Human Rights (Rwanda) CEPGL Economic Community of the Great Lakes LRA Lord’s Resistance Army (Ugandan armed EU – Legislature 2014-2019 Countries group active in the DRC) CENCO National Conference of Bishops M23 March 23rd Movement (Armed group of Congo (DRC) active in the DRC, defeated militarily in CENI Independent National Electoral Commission November 2013) (Burundi and DRC) MDGs Millennium Development Goals
    [Show full text]
  • Governance and Post-Conflict Reconstruction in Rwanda
    1 Organisation for Social Science Research in Eastern and Southern Africa RWANDA CHAPTER Monograph Series Number 2 Governance And Post-Conflict Reconstruction in Rwanda July 20013 2 3 Organisation for Social Science Research in Eastern and Southern Africa RWANDA CHAPTER Monograph Series Number 2 Governance And Post-Conflict Reconstruction in Rwanda July 20013 4 5 Table of Contents Foreword………………………………………………………….i Bernard N. Rutikanga The 1994 Failure of Peace-Keeping in Rwanda………………....1 Bernard N. Rutikanga Perceptions on the Role of Economic Policy and Governance in the in the Reconstruction of Rwanda 200-2012……………...…16 Prof. Herman Musahara. Capacity Building as the Key for Rwandan Reconstruction…….30 Remy Twiringiyimana Governance, Gender Equality and Women Empowerment in Post Genocide Rwanda……………………………………………….48 Aimee Muziranenge Rwanda‘s Post-genocide Democratic Process: Political Parties, Decentralization, and Elections………………………………….64 Omar Khalfan Bizuru Rwanda Gacaca Courts and the Reconciliation Process: Testimonies And Analysis………………………………………86 Prof. Deo Byanafashe The Role of the National Commission for the Fight Against Genocide in Combatin Genocide Ideology and Denial………...100 Odeth Kantengwa 6 i Foreword One of the core objectives of OSSREA is ‗to promote dialogue and interaction between researchers and policy- makers‘ in member countries. It is on this basis that OSSREA Rwanda Chapter organized a one-day workshop at the National University of Rwanda on 24th August 2012, on ‗Governance and Post-Conflict Reconstruction in Rwanda‘; thanks to a generous grant from OSSREA head office in Addis Ababa. The workshop brought together researchers and policy-makers from different government sectors. This second monograph of OSSREA Rwanda Chapter is the product of that workshop.
    [Show full text]
  • Survey on Women Representation Within Political Parties’ Leadership
    SURVEY ON WOMEN REPRESENTATION WITHIN POLITICAL PARTIES’ LEADERSHIP. May- June 2011 Kigali, November 2012 1 ACCRONYMS CSPro: Census Survey Program ND: Not Determined PDC: Centrist Democratic Party PDI: Ideal Democratic Party PS Imberakuri: Social Party Imberakuri PL: Liberal Party PPC: Party for Progress and Concord PSD: Social Democratic Party PSP: Party for Solidarity and Progress PSR: Rwandese Labor Party RDHS: Rwanda Demographic Health Survey RPF-Inkotanyi: Rwandese Patriotic Front Inkotanyi SPSS: Statistical Package for the Social Sciences UDPR: Democratic Union of the Rwandan People 2 TABLE OF CONTENTS ACCRONYMS ............................................................................................................................... 2 TABLE OF CONTENTS ................................................................................................................ 3 CHAPTER ONE. GENERAL INTRODUCTION ......................................................................... 5 1.1. General Context ................................................................................................................... 5 1.2. Objectives of the survey ....................................................................................................... 6 1.3. Methodology ........................................................................................................................ 6 1.4. Period of the Survey ............................................................................................................. 7 Chapter
    [Show full text]
  • 9 August 2010
    Report of the Commonwealth Observer Group RWANDA PRESIDENTIAL ELECTIONS 9 August 2010 COMMONWEALTH SECRETARIAT Table of Contents Letter of Transmittal Chapter 1: Introduction ....................................................................................................... 1 Chapter 2: Political Background ........................................................................................... 3 Early History .............................................................................................................................. 3 Towards Independence .............................................................................................................. 3 Independent Rwanda ................................................................................................................. 3 Civil War ................................................................................................................................... 3 1994 Genocide .......................................................................................................................... 4 Post-Genocide Rwanda .............................................................................................................. 4 Exodus of Hutus ........................................................................................................................ 4 International Criminal Tribunal for Rwanda ................................................................................. 5 Paul Kagame‟s Presidency .........................................................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • Leadership and Good Governance: the Rwandan Experience
    International Journal of Research and Innovation in Social Science (IJRISS) |Volume III, Issue II, February 2019|ISSN 2454-6186 Leadership and Good Governance: The Rwandan Experience NDAGIJIMANA Ibrahim PhD Student in Governance and Leadership, Jomo Kenyatta University of Agriculture and Technology (JKUAT), Kigali Rwanda Abstract:-None can doubt about that, leadership and good taken on the task of ensuring that good governance and governance are central to the success of any country on Earth or leadership practices exist throughout the country. any company and economic sector. Promoting and getting it rights has a significant bearing on political, social and economic In fact, the quality of leadership and good governance in any growth and the way that a given Country performs in all sectors. country and Rwanda in particular, directly affects the level of political stability and social, economic development that such Without a strong Leadership and governance can’t ever achieve any positive outcomes on related political, economic and social country enjoys. Bad governance and poor leadership only objectives of any political community and yet it is an imperative. result in underdevelopment and political instability The significance of leadership to governance is seeing in the fact (Ologbenla, 2007). It is on the recognition of the imperative of that good leadership sets the strong stone of foundation and leadership and governance to a country that Nnablife (2010) standard of governance. This paper engages in the conceptual avers that the survival of a system rests with leadership. All analysis and examination of the governance and leadership things rise and fall on leadership because leadership phenomenon based on secondary data, analyzes its phenomenon effectiveness is a steering that drives a nation or any in Rwanda.
    [Show full text]
  • American Intervention Policy and the Failure to Act in Rwanda Jeremy Ryan Lund Iowa State University
    Iowa State University Capstones, Theses and Graduate Theses and Dissertations Dissertations 2011 Why we were not there: American intervention policy and the failure to act in Rwanda Jeremy Ryan Lund Iowa State University Follow this and additional works at: https://lib.dr.iastate.edu/etd Part of the History Commons Recommended Citation Lund, Jeremy Ryan, "Why we were not there: American intervention policy and the failure to act in Rwanda" (2011). Graduate Theses and Dissertations. 12125. https://lib.dr.iastate.edu/etd/12125 This Thesis is brought to you for free and open access by the Iowa State University Capstones, Theses and Dissertations at Iowa State University Digital Repository. It has been accepted for inclusion in Graduate Theses and Dissertations by an authorized administrator of Iowa State University Digital Repository. For more information, please contact [email protected]. Why we were not there: American intervention policy and the failure to act in Rwanda By Jeremy Ryan Lund A thesis submitted to the graduate faculty in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of MASTERS OF ARTS Major: History Program of Study Committee: Charles Dobbs, Major Professor Tunde Adeleke David Cunningham Iowa State University Ames, Iowa 2011 Copyright© Jeremy Ryan Lund, 2011. All rights reserved. ii Table of Contents Introduction 1 Chapter One: From tribal alliances to statehood and civil war 5 Chapter Two: Hopes for peace and thoughts of death: the Arusha Peace Accords, Hutu Power and blueprints for death 24 Chapter Three: A month for each horseman, genocide in Rwanda 42 Chapter Four: What were we thinking? American intervention policy and failure to act in Rwanda 67 Conclusion: A new commitment and a sad failure: America’s commitment to intervention 93 Bibliography: 111 1 Introduction Two monumental events shocked the world in the last decade of the twentieth century.
    [Show full text]