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SOCIAL, POLITICAL AND EOCONOMIC IMPACT OF COVID-19 PANDEMIC ON : A STUDY

Mr. Mohan Pathak

Research Scholar, Dept. of Political Science, Rajiv Gandhi University,

Abstract:

The history of the world proved that several numbers of pandemics were emerged in the world from time to time and made a huge impact on the Social, Political, and Economic lives of the entire world community. The Plague, Cholera, Influenza, Malaria, Typhus, and HIV/AIDS were some of destructive pandemics which created a serious threat to the existence of entire human civilization and also highly affected the socio-economic as well as the political life of the people. Covid-19 is a recently developed global pandemic that has resulted in the rise of serious tension and unprecedented challenges among the people of the entire world. The outbreak of COVID-19 was first identified in Wuhan city of China in December 2019 and on 11th march 2020 it was declared as a pandemic by the World Health Organization. At present, most of the countries of the world have been severely affected by this pandemic with millions of loss of lives of people across the globe. It has been observed that because of the outbreak of COVID-19, the entire human society is facing lots of different challenges in their socio-political life. The economic sector of most of the countries has been badly affected and political relations among the countries are also gradually deteriorating. Therefore, this study is an attempt to highlight the major impacts of the Covid-19 on social, political, and economic sectors of Assam.

Key Words: Covid-19, Social, Political, Economic and Assam

Introduction

Pandemic is a disease which spread over a wide geographic area of the world and affects a large numbers of the population. It is a global epidemic with high mortality that impacts every aspect of the human life. The history shows that, the world community had suffered several global pandemics from time to time and also witnessed big socio-economic loss. The Plague, Ebola, Cholera, Influenza, Malaria, Typhus, and HIV/AIDS were some of the most destructive pandemics which created a serious threat to existence of entire human civilization and also highly affected the social-economic as well as the political life of the people.Covid-19 is a recently originated global pandemic which led to the rise of serious tension across the world. It is a global challenge posing a serious health crisis in almost every country of the world. The outbreak of Covid- 19 was first identified in Wuhan city of China in December 2019 and on 11th March 2020 it was declared as a pandemic by the World Health Organization (Shoeb, Aslam, Naaz, 2020:361). According to the report of WHO, the Severe acute respiratory syndrome corona virus 2 (SARS-COV-2) is the main reason of Covid-19 disease and this virus can transmit through both biotic and abiotic components. The cold, cough, fever and tiredness are some of the common syndromes of Covid-19 disease.

It has been seen that the current situation of the entire world is unprecedented; the Covid-19 disease is rapidly spreading across the globe. Almost every territory of the world has been infected by this devastating virus. The advanced countries of the world have also failed to overcome the adverse effects of this pandemic. America, Russia, UK, Spain and Italy have been listed in the list of top ten most Corona virus affected countries (The Indian Express, June 30, 2020). The covid-19 straining the healthcare system of entire world, the medical system of several developed countries are on the verge of collapse. As on 4th July 2020, a total of 10922324 people got contaminated and 523011 people had died across the world and this number is growing rapidly (Reports WHO).

The effect of Covid-19 is not only limited to health of the people but also has a huge impact on the socio-political and economic sector of the world. An economic downfall has been noticed in the global economy after outbreak of Covid-19. The preventive policies adopted by the Governments to avoid Covid-19 such as Lockdown, quarantines, social distancing etc. completely stopped the production and consumption activities. Alongside, the international as well as national trades and commerce, air services, railway services and other transports services have also been suspended. The industries, shopping 2840

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ISSN- 2394-5125 VOL 7, ISSUE 16, 2020 malls and Educational institutions were also closed for an uncertain period of time. The Tourism, also known as the backbone of global economy, has also been adversely affected by Covid-19, The World Tourism Organization has reported the decline of 58 to 78 percent in world tourism output because of outbreak of Covid-19. Moreover, a drastic change also been observed in the GDP of around 170 developed and developing countries across the globe. It has been predicted that the GDP of most advanced state like America will decline by 2.4 percent (Duffin, 2020). As per the report of IMF, due to Covid-19, the global economy can go below 3 percent and it will be the highest slowdown since the great depression of 1930(Indian Express, May 16, 2020).

The Covid-19 has also greatly influenced national and international politics. Because of outbreak Covid-19, the Governments or ruling parties of some countries seems to be highly worried while the Government of other some countries are also using this pandemic as an opportunity for their political gain. Many developed as well as developing countries already declared national health emergency. As per the report of United Nations’ Centre for Civil and Political Rights, 84 countries across the world have declared state emergency in response to this pandemic (Quraishi, 2020).Moreover, it also been seen that the ruling parties of some countries are using the government machineries for political gain by strictly banning mass protest movements. The democratically elected leaders of some countries became autocratic by using their power like emergency. It is reported by Reporters without Borders, 38 countries around the world restricted the freedom of the Press, the reporters are facing verbal attacks in USA and Brazil, and moreover some journalists have been arrested in Algeria, Jordan and Zimbabwe (Reports of Reporters without borders). The Covid-19 also impacted the elections of various countries across the world. The International Foundation for Electoral System (IFES) has recorded that 61countries and 8 territories have postponed their elections and a total of 106 elections have been postponed because of Covid-19 (Reports of IFES, 17th June 2020).

The outbreak of Covid-19 created a serious tension in the international politics also. Several obstacles have been arisen in the international relations of the countries after wide spread of this deadly virus. A war like situation has been seen between America and China. The United States of America criticized the Chinese Government and also blamed it for the outbreak of Covid-19 pandemic. Moreover, despite frequent request of Chinese Government, the president of America Donald Trump called Corona Virus as Chinese virus and also threatened to seek compensation for the damage caused by this pandemic (Jhony, 2020).The Chinese Government strongly opposed the allegation imposed by President Donald Trump and in turn, blamed America for outbreak of this pandemic. The Chinese Ministry of Foreign Affairs strongly claimed that the American military is responsible for covid-19 outbreak (The Hindu, 9th May 2020).Due to outbreak of this virus; the China has faced criticism from several countries across the world apart from America such as Brazil, Australia, France, etc. The Brazil Congress man Eduardo Bolsonaro says that “The blame of the global corona virus pandemic has a name and sure name: the Chinese Communist Party” (Phillips, 2020).

After outbreak of Covid-19, the World Health Organization, an important organ of United Nations, is also facing a lot of challenges. The several countries across the globe are raising questions on the impartiality of the WHO. The President of USA Donald Trump says that WHO is not an impartial international agency, he accused WHO for covering China, whom he blames for outbreak of Corona virus. Further, Trump also threatened WHO to permanently cut off the UAS’s financial contribution to WHO (VOA news, 19th May 2020).The Tendros Adhanom, Director of WHO claimed that he has been facing lots of challenges after outbreak of this deadly virus. Further he said that he had faced severe discrimination and racial slurs from various parts of the world and also received death threat (Kaur, 2020).

Like the rest of the world, too is not free from the affects of this deadly virus. However, India is less affected compared to other currently affected nations as the precise principles taken by the Government at right time saved the India from being more affected. As on 8th July 2020 India’s Covid-19 cases reached 7, 42,417 including 20,642 fatalities, 2, 64,944 active cases and 4, 56,831 recoveries (Report of MHFW, Govt. of India). The Government of India has introduced various preventive measures to save the life of the people from Covid-19, such as quarantine, social distancing, compulsory of wearing mask etc. Moreover, the Government also handed over relief funds to poor section of the society and migrant workers who have been hit by the impact of Covid-19. Apart from this the Government also provides free train and quarantine facility to the migrant workers. The Covid-19 badly hit the Indian economy, the growth rate of Indian economy before pandemic was 4.4 percent, but during the period of pandemic it is reached at lowest level that 3.1 percent. According to the International Monetary Fund (IMF), the Covid-19 will badly hit the large Indian economy and it also predicated the 2 2841

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ISSN- 2394-5125 VOL 7, ISSUE 16, 2020 percent economy growth rate for the year 2020(Sharma, 2020).Apart from this, the corona virus also contributed in the rise of unemployment rate in India, as per the data of CMIS’s, the monthly unemployment rate is increased from 8.74 percent to 23.52 percent in the month of April (The Hindu, 5th May 2020). The Covid-19 has also disrupted the various elections of India, The Rajya Sabha elections which were supposed to be held in the month of March 2020, has been postponed because of Covid-19. The Panchayats elections of Maharashtra and Karnataka also got postponed because of the pandemic. Therefore, the effect of Covid-19 can be seen in each and every sphere of the society. All states of India are suffering from the worst affects of this pandemic. Therefore, the major concern of this study is to understand the social, political and economic impacts of Covid-19 on the state of Assam.

Objectives of the Study:

The major objectives of the present study are as flows:

. To know the various affects Covid-19 in India. . To examine the social, political and economic impacts of Covid-19 on Assam. . To suggest some suitable recommendation to mitigate the effects of Covid-19 in Assam.

Methodology of the Study:

The study is descriptive and analytical in nature. The information has been collected from secondary sources which contained Books, Journals, Newspapers, and Internet etc.

Discussion:

Assam is one of the worst Covid-19 affected state in India. It is also the most Corona affected state among all northeastern states of India. The first Corona positive case was reported in Assam on 31 March 2020. Prior to that, Assam was totally free from Covid-19 pandemic (Barak Bulletin, 31 March, 2020). After the end of March, the cases of Covid-19 started to grow rapidly in Assam and as on 12 July 2020, a total of 16,071 Covid-19 positive cases have been confirmed including 10,426 recoveries, three migrations and 73 deaths (Reports of govt. of Assam). At present the situation of Assam is very critical and the people of each and every corner of the state are suffering from this pandemic. The Community transmission has been stared in big cities if Assam such as , which has created an atmosphere of panic among the . The Government of Assam seems to very proactive in protecting the life of the people by palliating the affects of this pandemic, however, the affect of this pandemic in Assam is swiftly increasing day by day. It is a disturbance in the social and political life of the people and at the same time taking down the . The social, political and economic impact of Covid-19 on Assam is briefly discussed below:

1. Social Impact:

The Covid-19 has made a huge impact on the social life of the people of Assam to a large extent. The strategies of the Government of Assam to combat the Covid-19 highly affected the daily life of the people of entire state. On 15 March 2020, the Government of Assam directed to shut down all entertainment, religious and tourism places. Further, Government also made it compulsory to maintain social distancing and wear mask. Moreover, the Government also imposed 14 days institutional or home quarantine to those people who come from other states or countries. According to the report of Government of Assam, as on 12 July 2020, total 180000 persons completed their institutional or home quarantine and 10,43,331 persons screened at different places in Assam (Media Bulletin on Covid-19 of Assam).The government strategies such as social distancing and quarantine badly harm the social relations of the people. It is found that many persons who come from other states or countries have suffered mental stress during the period of quarantine just because of social isolation.

Covid-19 pandemic impacted on the mental health of the people to a large extent. Like people of other parts of the globe, the people of Assam also suffering from depression, frustration, anxiety and appetite during the period of nationwide lockdown and these triggered the rapid increase of mental health related cases in the state. The Guwahati based psychiatrist Dr. Sangeeta Datta said, the economic crisis is the major cause behind the speedy rise of such mental health related cases in 2842

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Assam (INSIDENE, 12 May 2020). The Sentinel reported that a welder man belongs from Darang district of Assam committed suicide in the month of July just because he couldn’t afford to pay his three month rent due of lockdown (The Sentinel, 18 July 2020). Moreover, a 15 years student of of Assam allegedly committed suicide because of deprived from online classes due to lack of Smartphone (Basumatary, 2020).

The Covid-19 pandemic has also adversely affected women across the world. A rapid spike in the cases of domestic violence after outbreak of Covid-19, clearly shows how the women are the worst victim because of this pandemic. The Chairperson of NCW Rekha Sharma reported that form March 24 till April 1 the NCW has received 69 domestic violence complaints from different parts the country and this number is increasing day by day (The Sentinal, 3 April 2020). The National Family Health Survey-4 also reported that one in three women in India suffers physical and sexual violence at home during lockdown (Basu, 2020). Similarly in Assam also the cases of domestic violence and cybercrime have been increasing since lockdown. As per the report of the Nilakshi Sharma, the manager of Women Helpline number Assam, total 54 cases of domestic violence and 11 cases of internet blackmailing have received in Assam so far. The Sharma also added that a woman in district was hiding from her husband in the neighbor’s house and it took three hours to rescue her (Firstpost, 13 April 2020). Apart from this, there are many more such cases seen in Assam during lockdown, such as sexually abusing girlfriend and also blackmail her etc. It is found that mostly 22 to 26 years old boys are indulging in such crimes.

The Covid-19 also greatly influenced the religious and cultural life of people of Assam. To defeat the Corona virus the Government of Assam directed to shut down all religious places of Assam such as Temple, Masjid, Church and Gurdwara etc. The biggest religious event of Kamakhya Temple which is known as Ambubachi mela has been restricted because of this pandemic. Moreover,The grand festival of Muslim community Eid also cancelled because of growing threat of Covid-19. The MP and also chief of AIUDF also requested the Muslim people not to celebrate the Eid. Further he also requested the people to refrain from shopping for Eid. Moreover, other more religious events such as Bolbom, Naga Panchami have also been cancelled due to Covid-19.The biggest festival of Assam popularly known as which is held in the Month of April of every year has also been cancelled because of this deadly virus. Keeping in mind the growing affects of Covid-19, many other festivals have been cancelled in Assam besides Bihu.

The Covid-19 has also given a considerable impact on education system of Assam. A drastic change has been seen in education system of Assam after outbreak of this pandemic. On 15 March 2020, the Government of Assam ordered to shut down all educational institution across the state and from that day, there has been no possibility of reopening any educational institution in state till date. Due to the closure of all educational institutions across the state, many universities of the states are unable to conduct the exams and many universities have taken the decisions of canceling the exams and promote the students on the basis of performance of previous exam. The universities of the states such as Gauhati, , and decided to cancel entrance exams for the upcoming session 2020-21. Apart from that the Government of Assam also announced to change the academic calendar of the School of the state to April-March from existing January-December (News 18, 29 June 2020).

2. Political Impact:

The Covid-19 pandemic also affected the political system of Assam to a large extent. The outbreak of deadly Corona virus created many obstacles in political activities of Assam. Keeping in mind the increasing spread and threat of the pandemic, the Government of Assam invoked epidemic Act of 1897 and also postponed ongoing budget session of the state. Moreover, the Government also took several measures for containing the spread of Covid-19 in the state such as Lockdown, Home or institutional quarantine and social distancing etc. Keeping in view the rapid spread of Corona virus, the Government of Assam also passed several regulations to combat the pandemic such as The Assam Covid-19 Regulations 2020 and The Assam Covid-19 Containment Regulations 2020 etc (Akhil, 2020).Beside that the Government of Assam also constituted some task force at both state and district level in order to ensure the effective implementation of Corona containment measures.

The Covid-19 also impacted elections of Bodoland Territorial Council of Assam. The term of previous council of BTC ended on 27 April 2020 and the State Election Commission of Assam scheduled its election on 4 Aril 2020, but due to wide spread Corona virus pandemic the Commission decided to postpone the election for a indefinite period (Report of State 2843

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Election Commission of Assam). As a result on 27 Aril 2020, Rule has been imposed in Bodoland Territorial Area Districts of Assam until elections are held (Mazumdar, 2020).However, some politicians are pressuring the Government of Assam to conduct the Elections of BTC as no Covid-19 positive cases have been reported there. On the other hand, some politicians such as Biswajit Daimary, had been pressing the Government of Assam to extend the term of BPF as per the certain provision of the Constitution of India (Das, 2020).

Moreover, this global pandemic also affected the prominent political leaders of Assam. As per the news of The Sentinel, The prominent leader of AIUDF and also the MP of parliamentary constituency Badruddin Ajamal became the first politician of Assam who tested positive for Covid-19 and presently he is undergoing treatment at a private medical in Mumbai (The Sentinel, 11 July 2020). , the brother of Badruddin Ajaml and also former parliamentarian of parliamentary constituency has also suffering from Corona virus infection (Northeast Now, 11 July 2020). However, no official announcement has been made by the AIUDF on this yet. Apart from that, one more politician of Assam namely Bolin Chetia, representing the Sadiya legislative constituency of Assam, also tested positive for Covid-19 (, 2020).

Apart from the political leaders, many prominent personalities of Assam also became the victim of this global pandemic. The renowned social activist and also the leading figure of Krishak Mukti Sangram Samiti of Assam Akhil Gogoi tested positive for Covid-19 inside the Guwahati central jail on 11 July 2020. Besides Gogoi, two more leaders of KMSS Dhairjya Konwar and Bitu Sonowal have also tested positive and presently they are undergoing treatment at Guwahati medical college (Times of India, 11 July 2020).When the news about Akhil Gogoi being Corona positive widely spread across the state, the people of Assam started to demand a proper medical treatment for Akhil Gogoi as well as other social activist who have tested positive for Covid-19. The Chief advisor of ASSU Samujjal Bhattacharjya strongly condemns the Government of Assam for not providing proper medical facility to Gogoi. Besides, Bhattacharjya, the writers’ community of Assam also demands proper treatment for Akhil Googi and other social activist of Assam who tested positive for Covid-19,(Times of India, 12 July 2020).

Because of this global pandemic, the Government of Assam is facing several criticisms from the people of Assam as well as leaders of opposition party. A lot of people strongly criticized the Government’s sudden decision of lockdown and said that they have been suffering a lot due to this. Some leaders of opposition party have alleged that the Government is doing politics on the Covid-19. The state opposition leader Debabrata Saikia criticized and alleged the Government of using police for political gains and harassing the people. Further Saikia also added that the Government is ignoring the opposition advice on fighting Corona virus and is acting on its won (, 2020). Aminul Islam, MLA of Dhing constituency made a video claiming that The Government of Assam will kill the quarantined people by injection. However Aminul was arrested later because of such controversial statement (The Hindu, 2 April 2020).The All Assam Students Union (ASSU), a well known student organization of Assam, strongly criticized the Government’s efforts to combat Corona virus and said that the Government’s decision of lockdown was totally faulty. The Dipanka Kumar Nath, President of ASSU, said that the measures taken by the Governments to prevent Corona virus are drama, and also added “Some people despite Covid situation are initiating mass contact programmes meeting people, however on the other hand livelihood of daily wages earners and other people are compromised” (Singh, 2020). The effective political leader and also health minister of Assam Dr. Himanta Biswasarma, strongly condemn such statement of ASSU and challenged the ASSU volunteers to come to the medical and look after the Corona infected patients without wearing PPE kit (Singh, 2020).

3. Economic Impact:

The novel Corona virus badly has hit the economy of Assam. Keeping in view the rapid spread and increasing threat of Corona Virus, the Government of Assam implemented complete lockdown in the entire state on 15 March 2020. The tourism places, cinema halls, bars, hotel, transportations and industries were totally shut down as per the lockdown policy, because of which the Government of Assam has been suffering a huge economic loss. In the tourism sector the Government of Assam faced a huge loss and as per the news of Northeast now, the state has faced Rs 500 crores loss in tourism sector because of Covid-19. Moreover, it is also estimated that the state will face Rs 12423 crores to Rs 18236 crores revenue loss in current financial year (Times of India, 2020). According to the Finance Minister of the state Dr. Himanta Biswasarma, in the year of 2019 the state’s average GST collection per month was Rs 693 crores but in April 2020 it was Rs 147 crores and in May

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2020 it was Rs 360 crores. Biswasarma also added that the economy of the state was not so good before pandemic; hence some innovative measures should be taken to overcome from such economic crisis (Parasar, 2020).

Moreover, a Government sponsored study to assess the impact of Covid-19 on state economy predicted that this pandemic will badly affect the lives and livelihood of the people of Assam. Around 50 percent people of the state will come under poverty line, due to this global crisis. The report on Economy of Assam, estimated that around 67 lakh people will have to face a lot of challenges for their livelihood. In addition, this report also said that the rate of unemployment of Assam will increase rapidly due to this deadly virus. Further it is estimated that the rate unemployment of the state will increase up to 27 percent from the present level of 8 percent (Times of India, 2020).

The Government of Assam also spent huge amount of fund to provide financial assistance to the people of the states stranded outside the state. As the report of The Economic Times, the Government of Assam gave Rs 2000 each to 86,000 migrant workers from the state who had stranded in other states. Apart from that, the Government also spent a lot of money in the name of providing minimum facilities to quarantined people in different quarantine centers across the state. Moreover, the Government also provided free rice and vegetables to the needy people of the state, because of which the economy of the state got badly affected.

Keeping in view the economic slowdown of the state, the of Assam called a high level meeting with 29 economists across the state on 28 April 2020. As per the decision of this committee, this Government of Assam constituted an economic task force and economic advisory committee to revive the economy of the state (The Telegraph, 28 April 2020).

Conclusion:

Looking into the above discussion, it becomes quite clear that the wide spread global pandemic Covid-19 has made an adverse impact in the social, political and economic sector of Assam. The overall economic system of Assam has deteriorated due to this pandemic and it will greatly affect the social, political and economic aspect of the lives of the people of Assam in future. The Government of Assam is doing its level best with utmost effort to reduce the impact of Corona virus but still it has not been fully successful. Since this pandemic is affecting entire world, it is not possible for any state or country to defeat this pandemic alone and that is why all the nations and territories of the world have to fight unitedly with this deadly virus. Apart from this, at the national level, all states should unite and provide active cooperation to the central Government to palliate the effect of this devastating virus. The people as well as the various socio-political organizations of the country should stop criticizing the Government and provide full support to the Government to combat this pandemic because this is a humanitarian crisis and not a political one.

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JOURNAL OF CRITICAL REVIEWS

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22. Quraishi, S. Y. (2020, May 3). Across the world, the coronavirus pandemic has become an invitation to autocracy. The Wire. https://thewire.in/government/ coronavirus pandemic autocracy 23.Report of Ministry of Health and Family welfare Govt. of India.(2020,July8).MoHFW Home. httpswww.mohfw.gov.in/ 24. Sharma, M. (2020, June 26). View: India’s economy is ailing from more than COVID-19. TheEconomicTimes. https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/economy/indicators/vew-indias-economy-is-ailing-from- more-than-covid-19/articleshow/76637162.cms 25. Shoeb, M., Aslam, A., & Naaz, F. (2020). How pandemic like Covid-19 effect the Indian Economy? An Evidence from Banking and Finance Industry. Tathapi, 19(53), 2320-0693. 26. Activist Akhil Gogoi tests COVID-19 positive in Guwahati jail. (2020, July 11). The Times ofIndia. https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/guwahati/activistakhilgogoitestscovid19-positive-in-guwahati- jail/articleshow/76913520.cms 27. Coronavirus lockdown: Assam government plans to boost economy. (2020, April 28). Telegraph India Latest News, Top Stories, Opinion, News Analysis and Comments. https://w.dia.com/north-east/coronavirus-lockdown-assam-government- plans-to-boost-economy/cid/1768828 28. Correspondent, S. (2020, April 7). Coronavirus outbreak | Assam MLA arrested for controversial statementon COVID19 quarantine centres.TheHindu. https://www.thehindm-arrested-for-controversial-statement-on-covid-19-quarantine- centres/article31283413.ece 29. Das, G. (2020, April 29). Assam: Governor takes charge of Bodol and territorial council. The Wire. https://thewire.in/government/assamgovernortakeschargeofbodolandterritorial-council 30. Kalita, K. (2020, April 27). ‘Assam govt ignoring opposition advice on fighting coronavirus’.TheTimesofIndia. https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/guwahati/assa-govt-ignoring-opposition-advice-on- fighting-coronavirus/articleshow/75404257.cms 31. More than 100 writers demand proper medical treatment for jailed Akhil Gogoi | India news –Times of India. (2020, July12). The Times of India. https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/more-than-100-writers- demandpropermedicaltreatmentforjailedakhilgogoi/articleshow/76927307.cms 32.Parasar, U. (2020, June 1). Focus on industry and agriculture to revive economy hit by COVID19,paneltells Assamgovt. HindustanTimes. https://www.hindustantimes.com/india-news/focus-on-industry-and-agriculture-to-revive- economyhitbycovid19paneltellsassam-govt/story-FzPLAaAvFAaewVJAkC7mPP.html 33. Saikia, K. (2020, July 11). Assam: Badruddin Ajmal, Sirajuddin test COVID-19 positive. NORTHEASTNOW. https://nenow.in/northeastnews/assam/assambadruddinajmalsirajuddin-test-covid-19-positive.html 34. Sing, B. (2020, July 9). Delayed by lockdown, Aasu now to fast-track move to form new politicalalternativeinAssam.TheEconomicTimes. https://economictimes.indiatimes.cowlics-and-nation/delayed-by- lockdown-aasu-now-to-fast-track-move-to-form-new-political-alternative-in-assam/articleshow/76868323.cms

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