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JOlJRNAL of MILK TECHNOLOGY September, 1939 Number 5 Editorials upinions and ideas expt·essed in ~a~ers and editorials are those_ ot the resp:ctif,e authors. '[he expressions of the Assocratron are completely recorded m rts transacttons. · 1•11 See You at Jacksonville If you fail to attend the International Association of Milk Sanitarians annual meeting in Jacksonville, Florida, October 26-28, you are bound to miss a golden op­ portunity to spend three of the most entertaining and educational days of your life. By attending this meeting you will not only have the opportunity of greeting td friends and meeting new ones, but you will also be privileged to participate in a prosram d evi s ~d to ~eet .your n.eeds, whether you ~re .interested in. ~ilk from the undpoint of tts offioal, mdustnal, regulatory, qua!tty control, nutntwnal, or tech­ nical asp,ects. "Nutritional Value of Milk", "Bangs Disease", "Plate Count for Measuring Quality", "Certified Milk", "Communicable Diseases Affecting Man", and many other equally important subjects will be discussed by eminent authorities, and you will aed the opportunity to participate in round table discussions should you have I especial problems or questions which you desire to have dicussed or answered. Since t! this meeting is international in scope, many interesting contributions are expected from authorities and friends from our neighboring P~n.-American countries. As a regular feature of the meeting, field trips will be arranged to points of in­ I tere& in the vicinity of Jacksonville and St. Augustine, and the program of enter­ tainment wi ll be replete with attractions and functions which will not cripple your ket book. lf you des ire to learn more about milk and milk products, want to make contacts tlut wi!I be invaluable through the remainder of your life, and would like to spend three of. the most enjoyable and entertaining days imaginable, you will meet me at the International Association Meeting in Jacksonville, Florida, October 26-28. YOU NEED THE INTERNATIONAL ASSOCIATION AND IT V. M. EHLERS, President. non-specific, and undependable, so that reliance on their reactions does not •• ,..,..,.,,.,,., afiO IVliiK \...Ontrol the confidence of the farmer. Moreover, many producers, when ordered to Laws designed to regulate public milk supplies contain provision,. that milk f mastitic cows, prefer to sell these animals to other dairymen rath_er than 0 be produced by healthy animals. An ideal which alert milk sanitarians are ch r Thus an attempt to reduce the incidence of mastitis by drastiC regu- to attain is a milk supply produced by animals with healthy udders. Both the thebut e. b " ht es may spread the infection to other herds. Human nature emg w a requirement and the ideal involve the problem of mastitis. The execution f rneasur d 0 . Id seem that the only way that this situation could be prevented woul js It WOU . • requirement is not a simple matter. Milk sanitarians of high professional ' h ar-marking such animals and paymg the farmer some compensation as throug e . · · h lhlds h h - ments, long experience, and public health ideals have different ideas as to the e tuberculosis eradtcatlon program. In ge~eral, . thts sc oo_ o t at t e . ap effective and desirable program to be used. th the farmer should be directed to enlist hts cooperatiOn and to convmce The facts in the situation are recognized by all. Mastitis in dairy cattle is ach to "t ·s to his advantage to dtspose· of such cows. T o at·d htm" tn· the con t co I • that 1 t . spread. This pathologic condition is always inimical to the economic prclelu:ctir\n 01 · mastitis the strip cup and palpatiOn of the udder are dependable tests. chroruc , . 1 d "1 milk and sometimes to the health of the consumer. A cow with mastitis is a r himself can use the strip cup at every mtlkmg, or at east at y, so as to e farmer . · · ( 1 to a dairyman. Such a cow eats as much food as a healthy, normal one but does ect the active cases. If this can be supplemented by a phystca 1 exammat10~ pa - produce a normal yield of milk from the infected udder. The segregation and . ) b an expert who can advise the farmer as to methods for reducmg the tiOn y · dSh ment of such a cow costs labor and money. Such udders are generally shedding read of udder disease, then_ encouragm~ progress may be expecte . uc an ap- numbers of organisms and are likely to spread the infection. These c;)1Jarters oach is likely to enlist the acttve cooperatiOn of the farmer. considerable fibrosis with a corresponding reduction in milk secretion. pt 'Flle other group believes that public health considerations must take precede~ce. one phase of the problem is economic. int of view provides the stimulus to utilize any or all present means of dtag­ Moreover, there is a bewildering variety of tests for the diagnosis of pof detecting cows with mastitis and eliminating them from the dairy herd. It IS or . Their very multiplicity is eloquent of the fragmentariness of our knowledge. ogni2es that none of these chemic~!, bwchemtcal, and mtcroscoptc tests are mclu- tests to diagnose this condition are as definite as the tuberculin test for • •ely and exclusively completely speofic and depen~able . How_e~er, they serve _as a tuberculosis. Diagnosis is further complicated by the fact that the chemical and ·d sorting test to reveal those milk samples whtch are susptcwus, and to duect chemical picture of the milk changes from milking to milking, so that a =~tion to those animals which should be examined p~ysic~lly . Any found t~ be finding is no guarantee of freedom from infection. Typical reactions fo r iofected are ordered to be excluded from the dairy herd, somettmes from the premtses, catalase, pH value, etc. are frequently obtained from quarters fre~ from an.y recoar1ia liling Joss to the farmer. An additional economic loss has ~en reveal~d by udder pathogens ( 1), and negative reactions may be obtaiP,~ from some Brooks (3) whereby the public are involved. An outbreak ?f mtlkborne dtsease cases (2). The elimination of all cows whose milk is positive to any of these ulting from mastitis in a small community was costly to busrneu. T~e ~onetary would probably create a decided milk shortage. far exceeded the total appropriation for an entire milk control orgamzat10n. Another aspect of the matter is that of the public health._ Some types of :c.'!Stic exclusion of mastitic animals from a milking herd may introduce a regu­ titis are caused by microorganisms which are pathogenic to 11'1!tn; such as those ory problem of tracing the disposition of the excluded animal. To this may be ing septic sore throat, erysipelas, and scarlet fever. Although the number of ded the resentment of the unconvinced farmer. It is doubtful whether the cause cases in relation to the total number of infected udders is very smal ~ the an improved public health is advanced in such a ci~c!lmstance unless the affected hazard is very real to the victims and potentially so to the public at large. is cured or traced, and the farmer "sold" on the reasonableness of the _procedure. Associated with this aspect is the fact that most competent obser-vers agree He becomes a booster of the program when he is shown that he is better off. After cows whose milk frequently shows clots, flakes, or other abnormal features he economic stimulus was the basis for the great success of the tuberculosis eliminated, because this kind of milk is unacceptable for human consump tion. dication program. It is newly evident in the campaign against Bang's disease. It abnormal milk from a diseased udder is obnoxious, especially when it rnn1 t.air1 ~ uld be invoked in the control of mastitis. f!ammatory secretions of va~ious kinds, together with high cell content and What school of thought do you adhere to? We should like to know your debris from infection. s. Write us . Conscientious and intelligent milk sanitarians are faced with the question, ]. Agr. Research, April 1939. far shall I go in attempting to eliminate mastitis, and what shall be the basis An evaluation of some of the tests used in detecLing mastitis in dairy cattle. A. C. Fay, deciding what animals to eliminate?" ]. Milk Techno/. 1, No.4, 38 (1938) . One group holds that a mastitis control program should be based mainly A study of milk-borne epidemics. P. B. Brooks, Ibid. 2, 168 (1939). economic considerations. They hold that chemical and biochemical tests are J. H. S. JoURNAL OF MILK TECHNOLOGY 2 13 212 .. ~ Pasteurized Cream Production Coordinated With q Simultaneous Milk Processing ~ ~ ~ W. B. Palmer ~ ·t " ::- Exemtive Officer, Milk Inspection Association of the .li ~ 0 to .."> ~ Oranges and Maplewood, N. J. tq A pasteurized cream supply is as im­ TABLE 1 portant from the public health and tech­ Bacteria Counts of Bottled Cream Separated from Pasteurized Milk ~ nological points of view as a pasteurized (Samples taketl at time of delivery to consumer) ;; milk supply. Heretofore it has been 19)8 ~ the practice and actual requirement that Milk Light Heavy -!:!... 2,000 9,000 cream be pasteurized subsequently to 500 ~ ~"' 16,000 separation. This procedure has been 2,000 ···················· 12,000 ~ "' 600 .................... 5,000 1,000 ..t" <>.. deemed necessary to insure against the 2,000 1,000 ~ ~ '< !1- "~ 1,000 't • 4,000 ):> possible contamination of the product dur­ 3,000 2,000 ~ ~ ~ ing the handling of the milk and the 2,000 4,000 6,000 .."~ ~ ...................
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