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Family: Boraginaceae Taxon: Phacelia tanacetifolia Synonym: Phacelia tanacetifolia subvar. tenuisecta Bran Common Name: fiddleneck phacelia tansy phacelia bee phacelia Questionaire : current 20090513 Assessor: Chuck Chimera Designation: EVALUATE Status: Assessor Approved Data Entry Person: Chuck Chimera WRA Score 5 101 Is the species highly domesticated? y=-3, n=0 n 102 Has the species become naturalized where grown? y=1, n=-1 103 Does the species have weedy races? y=1, n=-1 201 Species suited to tropical or subtropical climate(s) - If island is primarily wet habitat, then (0-low; 1-intermediate; 2- Low substitute "wet tropical" for "tropical or subtropical" high) (See Appendix 2) 202 Quality of climate match data (0-low; 1-intermediate; 2- High high) (See Appendix 2) 203 Broad climate suitability (environmental versatility) y=1, n=0 y 204 Native or naturalized in regions with tropical or subtropical climates y=1, n=0 n 205 Does the species have a history of repeated introductions outside its natural range? y=-2, ?=-1, n=0 y 301 Naturalized beyond native range y = 1*multiplier (see y Appendix 2), n= question 205 302 Garden/amenity/disturbance weed n=0, y = 1*multiplier (see Appendix 2) 303 Agricultural/forestry/horticultural weed n=0, y = 2*multiplier (see Appendix 2) 304 Environmental weed n=0, y = 2*multiplier (see n Appendix 2) 305 Congeneric weed n=0, y = 1*multiplier (see y Appendix 2) 401 Produces spines, thorns or burrs y=1, n=0 n 402 Allelopathic y=1, n=0 n 403 Parasitic y=1, n=0 n 404 Unpalatable to grazing animals y=1, n=-1 n 405 Toxic to animals y=1, n=0 n 406 Host for recognized pests and pathogens y=1, n=0 n 407 Causes allergies or is otherwise toxic to humans y=1, n=0 408 Creates a fire hazard in natural ecosystems y=1, n=0 n 409 Is a shade tolerant plant at some stage of its life cycle y=1, n=0 n 410 Tolerates a wide range of soil conditions (or limestone conditions if not a volcanic island) y=1, n=0 y Print Date: 8/3/2012 Phacelia tanacetifolia (Boraginaceae) Page 1 of 9 411 Climbing or smothering growth habit y=1, n=0 n 412 Forms dense thickets y=1, n=0 501 Aquatic y=5, n=0 n 502 Grass y=1, n=0 n 503 Nitrogen fixing woody plant y=1, n=0 n 504 Geophyte (herbaceous with underground storage organs -- bulbs, corms, or tubers) y=1, n=0 n 601 Evidence of substantial reproductive failure in native habitat y=1, n=0 n 602 Produces viable seed y=1, n=-1 y 603 Hybridizes naturally y=1, n=-1 604 Self-compatible or apomictic y=1, n=-1 605 Requires specialist pollinators y=-1, n=0 n 606 Reproduction by vegetative fragmentation y=1, n=-1 n 607 Minimum generative time (years) 1 year = 1, 2 or 3 years = 0, 1 4+ years = -1 701 Propagules likely to be dispersed unintentionally (plants growing in heavily trafficked y=1, n=-1 y areas) 702 Propagules dispersed intentionally by people y=1, n=-1 y 703 Propagules likely to disperse as a produce contaminant y=1, n=-1 y 704 Propagules adapted to wind dispersal y=1, n=-1 n 705 Propagules water dispersed y=1, n=-1 706 Propagules bird dispersed y=1, n=-1 n 707 Propagules dispersed by other animals (externally) y=1, n=-1 y 708 Propagules survive passage through the gut y=1, n=-1 801 Prolific seed production (>1000/m2) y=1, n=-1 802 Evidence that a persistent propagule bank is formed (>1 yr) y=1, n=-1 y 803 Well controlled by herbicides y=-1, n=1 804 Tolerates, or benefits from, mutilation, cultivation, or fire y=1, n=-1 n 805 Effective natural enemies present locally (e.g. introduced biocontrol agents) y=-1, n=1 Designation: EVALUATE WRA Score 5 Print Date: 8/3/2012 Phacelia tanacetifolia (Boraginaceae) Page 2 of 9 Supporting Data: 101 1993. Halse, R.R.. Treatments from the Jepson [Is the species highly domesticated? No] Manual - Hydrophyllaceae. Jepson Flora Project [accessed 7/30/2012], http://ucjeps.berkeley.edu/cgi- bin/get_JM_treatment.pl?4518,4587,4703 101 2012. Blackwell, L.R.. Wildflowers of California: A [Is the species highly domesticated? No] Month-By-Month Guide. University of California Press, Berkeley and Los Angeles, CA 102 2012. WRA Specialist. Personal Communication. NA 103 2012. WRA Specialist. Personal Communication. NA 201 2012. Calflora. The Calflora Database - Phacelia [Species suited to tropical or subtropical climate(s) 0-Low] "Phacelia tanacetifolia, tanacetifolia. http://www.calflora.org/cgi- a dicot, is an annual herb that is native to California and is also found outside of bin/species_query.cgi?where- California, but is confined to western North America." [Higher elevations of tropics taxon=Phacelia+tanacetifolia would be suitable] 202 2012. Calflora. The Calflora Database - Phacelia [Quality of climate match data 2-High] tanacetifolia. http://www.calflora.org/cgi- bin/species_query.cgi?where- taxon=Phacelia+tanacetifolia 203 2003. Gilbert, L.. Phacelia tanacetifolia : A brief [Broad climate suitability (environmental versatility)? Yes] "However, this plant is overview of a potentially useful insectary plant being used in a wide range of climatic regions, and this illustrates its adaptability and cover crop. Small Farm Success Project to climate and soil types." Fact Sheet Number 2a. USDA, http://seriousaboutcamo.typepad.com/files/phacel ia_farmer_version.pdf 203 2012. Blackwell, L.R.. Wildflowers of California: A [Broad climate suitability (environmental versatility)? Yes] "Grasslands, sandy or Month-By-Month Guide. University of California gravelly slopes (to 6,000 feet); found in coast ranges, Central Valley, foothills, Press, Berkeley and Los Angeles, CA Transverse Ranges, Peninsular Ranges, Mojave Desert." [Elevation range exceeds 1000 m, demonstrating environmental versatility] 204 2007. Randall, R.P.. Global Compendium of [Native or naturalized in regions with tropical or subtropical climates? No] No Weeds - Phacelia tanacetifolia. evidence http://www.hear.org/gcw/species/phacelia_tanacet ifolia/ 204 2012. Tropicos.org. Tropicos [Online Database]. [Native or naturalized in regions with tropical or subtropical climates? No] No Missouri Botanical Garden, evidence http://www.tropicos.org/ 204 2012. USDA ARS National Genetic Resources [Native or naturalized in regions with tropical or subtropical climates? No] Program. Germplasm Resources Information Naturalized in areas with temperate and Mediterranean climates Network - (GRIN). http://www.ars-grin.gov/cgi- bin/npgs/html/index.pl 205 2003. Petanidou, T.. Introducing plants for bee- [Does the species have a history of repeated introductions outside its natural keeping at any cost? – Assessment of Phacelia range? Yes] "Native to Californian drylands, chaparral and Central oak woodland, tanacetifolia as nectar source plant under xeric P. tanacetifolia has been naturalised throughout the western United States and Mediterranean conditions. Plant Systematics and frequently in Europe (Tutin 1992), whereas it has been extensively used as a Evolution. 238: 155-168. nectar crop up to Australia." 205 2012. USDA ARS National Genetic Resources [Does the species have a history of repeated introductions outside its natural Program. Germplasm Resources Information range? Yes] "Naturalized: AUSTRALASIA Network - (GRIN). http://www.ars-grin.gov/cgi- Australia: Australia - New South Wales, South Australia bin/npgs/html/index.pl New Zealand: New Zealand EUROPE Southeastern Europe: Bulgaria Southwestern Europe: France" 301 2006. Domingues de Almeida, J./Freitas, H.. [Naturalized beyond native range? Yes] "Table 2. Exotic vascular plant species Exotic naturalized flora of continental Portugal – (invasive, potentially invasive or more or less naturalized) in continental Portugal." A reassessment. Botanica Complutensis. 30: [Includes Phacelia tanacetifolia, introduced in 1913] 117-130. 301 2006. Totland, Ø./Nielsen, A./Bjerknes, A.- [Naturalized beyond native range? Yes] "The herb is native to western North L./Ohlson, M.. Effects of an Exotic Plant and America, but has frequently naturalized in Europe (Tutin, 1972)." Habitat Disturbance on Pollinator Visitation and Reproduction in a Boreal Forest Herb. American Journal of Botany. 93(6): 868-873. Print Date: 8/3/2012 Phacelia tanacetifolia (Boraginaceae) Page 3 of 9 301 2007. Mahon, D.J.. Canterbury naturalised [Naturalized beyond native range? Yes] "Phacelia tanacetifolia" … "Fully vascular plant checklist. Canterbury Conservancy naturalised" Department of Conservation, Christchurch, NZ 301 2010. Stace, C.. New Flora of the British Isles. [Naturalized beyond native range? Yes] "Intrd-natd; grown in gardens for Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, UK ornament and small-scale in fields, for bees and as green manure, also contaminant of crop- and grass-seed, casual on tips, waste ground and among crops and new grass, rarely persistent; very scattered but increasing in BI" [Introduced and naturalized] 301 2012. USDA ARS National Genetic Resources [Naturalized beyond native range? Yes] "Naturalized: AUSTRALASIA Program. Germplasm Resources Information Australia: Australia - New South Wales, South Australia Network - (GRIN). http://www.ars-grin.gov/cgi- New Zealand: New Zealand bin/npgs/html/index.pl EUROPE Southeastern Europe: Bulgaria Southwestern Europe: France" 301 2012. Wagner, W.L./Herbst, D.R./Khan, N./Flynn, [Naturalized beyond native range? No evidence to date in Hawaiian Islands] T.. Hawaiian Vascular Plant Updates: A Supplement to the Manual of the Flowering Plants of Hawai`i & Hawai`i's Ferns & Fern Allies. http://botany.si.edu/pacificislandbiodiversity/hawai ianflora/supplement.htm 301 2012. Western Australian Herbarium. FloraBase [Naturalized beyond native range? Yes] "Naturalised Status: Alien to Western — The Western Australian Flora - Phacelia Australia" tanacetifolia Benth.. Department of Environment and Conservation, http://florabase.dec.wa.gov.au/browse/profile/666 9 302 1923. Abrams, L./Ferris, R.S.. An Illustrated [Garden/amenity/disturbance weed? Possibly] "widely escaped in grainfields" Flora of the Pacific States: Geraniaceae to Scrophulariaceae, geraniums to figworts. Stanford University Press, Stanford, CA 302 2006.
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  • Summer Cosmos – a Host of Cucumber Mosaic Virus M.S

    Summer Cosmos – a Host of Cucumber Mosaic Virus M.S

    J Agric Rural Dev 5(1&2), 84-93, June 2007 ISSN 1810-1860 JARD Journal of Agriculture & Rural Development Summer Cosmos – A Host of Cucumber mosaic virus 1 2 3* M.S. PARVIN , A.M. AKANDA AND A.H.M.A. RAHMAN 1, 2&3Department of Plant Pathology, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman Agricultural University, Gazipur, Bangladesh ABSTRACT In order to identify the cause of virus disease-like symptoms developed naturally in Summer cosmos (Cosmos sulphureus) plants at Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman Agricultural University (BSMRAU), Gazipur campus, a study was conducted during March 2004 to August 2005. The natural symptoms in Summer cosmos were consisted of mosaic, yellowing, shoe-string and leaf curling along with severe stunting of the infected plants. The ailments were found to be sap transmissible. Gomphrena globosa and Chenopodium amaranticolor were found to be good local lesion hosts producing chlorotic local lesion in the inoculated plants. The virus isolates obtained from the infected G. globosa plant had wide host range including Amaranthaceae, Chenopodiaceae, Compositae, Cucurbitaceae, Ligominosae and Solanaceae. The dilution end point, thermal inactivation point and longevity in vitro were determined as 10-6, 650C and 10 days, respectively. The host range test, dilution end point, thermal inactivation point and longevity in vitro suggested that the virus was identical to Cucumber mosaic virus (CMV). Double Antibody Sandwich Enzyme-Linked Immuno- Sorbent Assay (DAS-ELISA) detected the virus as CMV. The results of the study revealed that the virus disease-like symptoms naturally manifested in summer cosmos plants was identified as CMV. Key words: Summer cosmos, CMV, virus identification.