Foreging Responses Behaviour in the African Giant Land Snail

Wayamba Journal of Animal Science – ISSN: 2012-578X; P768-P772, 2013 First Submitted October 03, 2013; Number 1380792695

OCCURRENCE OF GOOSE BARNACLE OCTOLASMIS SPP. INFESTATION ON COMMERCIAL IMPORTANT CRABS FROM PARANGIPETTAI, TAMILNADU, SOUTHEAST COAST OF INDIA

K. Sinduja, K. Raja, A. Saravanakumar*, R. Vijayakumar Center of Advanced Study in Marine Biology, Faculty of Marine Sciences, Annamalai University, Parangipettai

Corresponding author: [email protected]

Six species of crabs under different genera In most cases, the epibionts cause significant were investigated for the infestation damage to the host, Mytilus attaching to the pedunculate barnacles Octolasmis during walking appendages and book gills of the January to December 2011. Four species of horseshoe crabs, impeding the movement Octolasmis were O. angulata, O. cor, O. and breathing system of the host (Botton, lowei and O. warwickii identified. 2009). This study was conducted to Prevalence of infestation was higher in P. investigate the epibiont species infested on vigil (60.55%) followed by C. natator carapace and gill branchial of commercial (37.51%), P. pelagicus 26.07%, C. lusifer important crabs such as P. pelagicus, P. (25.17%), C. feriatus (24.6%) and P. sanguinolentus, C. feriatus, C. lusifera, C. sanquinolentus (20.04%). Sex wise higher natator and P. Vigil from Parangipettai, prevalence was recorded in female than Tamilnadu southeast coast of India. male. Key words: Crabs, goose barnacles, symbiotic relationship and prevalence MATERIALS AND METHODS Crabs were collected from Parangipettai Crabs support a sustenance fishery of landing center during Janaury to December appreciable importance, although, its present 2011. The six species of (P. pelagicus, P. status is not comparable with that of those sanguinolentus, C. feriatus, C. lusifera, C. major crustacean fisheries such as prawns natator and P. vigil) were examined for the and lobsters. In addition to the marine Goose barnacles attachment on the carapace, fishery, large numbers of crabs are landed legs and branchial chamber. Sex was from the estuaries and brackish water lakes determined for each crab, based on the shape adjoining the coastal areas. Most of the of abdomen. Crabs and barnacles were edible crabs caught in the marine and identified based on the description by brackish water regions belong to the family Jayabaskaran et al. (2000) and Jeffries et al. Portunidae. The calcified carapaces of (2005) respectively. For each host crab, the decapod crustaceans appear to be one of the prevalence was calculated according to the few suitable mobile habitats for epibiont sex and season. The prevalence (P) was attachment in this type of inhospitable, soft calculated according to Margolis et al. sediment bottom, as pointed out by Ross (1982) and Bush et al. (1997). (1983) and Gili et al. (1993). Furthermore, despite its relatively short lifespan due to moulting (shedding of the RESULTS AND DISCUSSION crab's exoskeleton), many organisms In the present study total 24529 (P. (protozoan, algae, barnacles, bryozoans, pelagicus: 3969, P. sanguinolentus: 3408, hydrozoans, bivalves) use this substratum as C. feriatus: 3825, C. lusifera: 4062, C. an alternative hard substrate (Abello and natator: 3850 and P. vigil: 5415) were Corbera, 1996). investigated for pedunculate barnacle infestation for four season from January to

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Table. 1. Investigate the six species of commercially important crabs (P. pelagicus, P. sanguinolentus, C. feriatus, C. lusifera, C. natator and P. Vigil) for goose barnacle infestation from Parangipettai, Tamilnadu southeast coast of India. No. of crab examined Total no. of infested Season Male Female Pooled Male Female pooled P. vigil Post monsoon 642 813 1455 344 539 881 2011 Summer 647 565 1212 175 193 368 Pre monsoon 726 901 1627 111 164 275 Monsoon 691 430 1121 316 298 614 P. sanquinolentus Post monsoon 421 512 933 67 120 187 2011 Summer 382 367 749 63 69 132 Pre monsoon 428 332 760 39 54 93 Monsoon 392 574 966 74 109 183 P. pelagicus Post monsoon 529 453 982 124 132 256 2011 Summer 444 543 987 67 102 169 Pre monsoon 395 614 1009 38 65 103 Monsoon 478 513 991 103 114 217 C. feriatus Post monsoon 389 493 882 83 134 217 2011 Summer 613 532 1145 63 68 131 Pre monsoon 473 422 895 71 68 139 Monsoon 524 379 903 75 103 178 C. lusifera Post monsoon 524 489 1013 113 142 255 2011 Summer 478 614 1092 69 84 153 Pre monsoon 582 444 1026 49 83 132 Monsoon 533 398 931 85 94 179 C. natator Post monsoon 473 588 1061 155 243 398 2011 Summer 572 379 951 122 121 243 Pre monsoon 444 392 836 95 92 187 Monsoon 509 493 1002 163 193 356

December 2011 from the parangipettai Octolasmis (O. angulata, O. cor, O. lowei landing center, tamilnadu, southeast coast of and O. warwickii) shown in table 1. India. Of these 6046 (P. pelagicus: 745, P. Prevalence of infestation was higher in P. sanguinolentus: 595, C. feriatus: 665, C. vigil (60.55%) followed by C. natator lusifera: 719, C. natator: 1184 and P. vigil: (37.51%), P. pelagicus 26.07%, C. lusifer 2138) were infested with four species of (25.17%), C. feriatus (24.6%) and P. sanguinolentus (20.04%) were recorded. Sex

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Figure. 1. Percentage of goose barnacle infestation on six commercial important crabs P. pelagicus, P. sanguinolentus, C. feriatus, C. lusifera, C. natator and P. vigil

wise higher prevalence of infestation was stalk and the intensity were higher in the gill recorded in female than male crabs in all six chamber (Figure. 2 and 3). The utilization of species and season wise higher during post decapod crustaceans as hosts by crustacean monsoon followed by monsoon, summer parasites constitutes one of the most and premonsoon for all six species intriguing relationships among this marine (Figure.1). fauna.

Figure .3. Octolasmis attached in gill lamellae (A) and eye stalk (B) of the P. Figure. 2. Octolasmis on carapace of P. pelagicus. pelagicus (A), in branchial chamber (B) All barnacles of the family Lepadidae (goose barnacles) are pelagic, commonly found The intensity of infestation was higher. The associated with floating objects, e.g., ships, infestation occurs entire body of the host buoys, wood, animals, marine debris and such as; carapace, gill chamber, legs and eye macroalgae, and only members of one genus

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(Dosima) can produce a float of their own Portunus spinicarpus, P. spinimanus, (Skerman 1958, Cheng and Lewin 1976, Hepatus pudibundus, In Brazil Majidae Arnbom and Lundberg 1995, Minchin 1996, (Young 1990) Gollasch 2002, Sano et al. 2003). Present O. hoeki was reported in the study shows that the four species of branchial chamber of L. spinosa (Milne- Octolasmis such as Octolasmis angulata, O. Edwards, 1834), O. lowei was found cor, O. lowei and O. warwickii attachment attached to the branchial chambers of L. occurs on the carapace, legs and branchial spinosa and P. spinimanus (Latreille, 1819), chamber of the crabs. The barnacle’s P. spinicarpus (Stimpson, 1871), H. attachments were higher in branchial pudibundus (Herbst, 1785), Callinectes spp., chamber than the carapace of the crabs also and in an unidentified majid crab (Young, in the gill filament. Similarly Santos and 1990). O. lowei infestation on the gills of 11 Bueno (2002) reported that the most O. crabs (7.5%). Only 3 crab species (36.6% of lowei were attached to the gills, some were C. danae, 9.0% of C. ornatus, and 7.7% of found affixed to the internal walls or to the P. spinimanus) carried the typical barnacle, floor of the branchial chambers. In some Chelonibia patula, on their dorsal carapaces cases the attachment found only in the (Mantelatto et al., 2003). The barnacle’s branchial chamber not in the carapace and attachment in crabs does not kill the crab but legs and also found in the eye stalk of the it may affect the crab respiration, normal crabs. Kumaravel et al. (2009) reported 6 activity and normal growth of the crabs. species of Octolasmis; O. tridens, O. neptuni, O. angulata, O. warwicki, O. lewei REFERENCES and O. cor goose barnacle occurred on the 1. Arnbom,T., Lundberg, S., ( 1995) gills, anterior branchial chamber wall in the Notes on Lepas australis (Cirripedia, epibranchial space, occasionally on the walls Lepadidae) recorded on the skin of of the branchial chambers beneath the gills southern elephant seal (Mirounga and on the scaphognathite within the leonina). Crustaceana, 68: 655-658. branchial chambers of five commercial 2. Bush, AO., Lafferty, K,D., Lotz, important crabs. Six barnacle species of the J,M., Shostak, A,W., (1997) genus Octolalsmis were found in Edible Parasitology meets ecology on its crabs and lobsters (Jeffries et al., 2005). own terms: Margolis et al. Revisited. Present result shows that the post J. Parasitol, 83:575–583. monsoon and monsoon season were 3. Cheng, L., Lewin, R,A., (1976) recorded higher prevalence than the pre Goose barnacles (Cirripedia: monsoon and summer season for six species. Thoracica) on flotsam beached at La Season, species, sex, crabs carrying eggs, Jolla, California. Fishery Bulletin, lack of available hard and stable substrate 74: 212-217. are the main factor for attachment of the 4. Colon-urban, R., Cheung, P,J., goose barnacle. Ruggieri, G,D., Nigrelli, R,F., (1979) Some earlier studies reported that the Observations on the development stalked barnacles attach in various species and maintenance of the deep sea and various region. The commensal barnacle, O. aymonini geryonophila pedunculate barnacle Octolasmis can be (Pilsbry).International Journal of found attached to many decapods and isopod Invertebrate Reproduction, 1: 245– crustaceans, to chelicerate horseshoe crabs, 252. corals, echinoids, mollusks, sea snakes and 5. Darwin, C., (1851) A monograph on fish (Colon-Urban et al., 1979; Jeffries and the sub-class Cirripedia. I. The Voris, 1979, 1996; Jeffries et al., 1982; Key Lepadidae.-Ray Society, London. Pp. et al., 1996). O. muelleri was infested in C. 1-400. sapidus and C. danae as well as species of 6. Gollasch, S., ( 2002) The importance Libinia, Portunus, and Calappa (Causey, of ship hull fouling as a vector of 1961). Gooseneck barnacle O. muelleri species introductions into the North infested Callinectes spp., Libinia spinosa, Sea. Biofouling, 18: 105-121.

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