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Eisenia Arborea

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Eisenia Arborea Artículos Dinámica poblacional de Eisenia arborea Areschoug (Laminariales: Ochrophyta) en el intermareal de Punta Eugenia, Baja California Sur, México Gloria M. Parada*, **, Rafael Riosmena-Rodríguez**, Enrique A. Martínez*** & Gustavo Hernández-Carmona**** Resumen Abstract Résumé Dinámica poblacional de Population dynamics of Dynamique des populations Eisenia arborea Areschoug Eisenia arborea Areschoug de Eisenia arborea Areschoug (Laminariales: Ochrophyta) (Laminariales: Ochrophyta) (Laminariales: Ochrophyta) en el intermareal de Punta in the intertidal of Punta dans la zone inter-marée de Eugenia, Baja California Sur, Eugenia, Baja California Sur, Punta Eugenia, Baja California México. Se estudió la dinámica po- México. The population dynamics Sur, México. On a étudié la dyna- blacional de Eisenia arborea en la of Eisenia arborea from the inter- mique des populations de Eisenia zona intermareal de Punta Eugenia tidal zone of Punta Eugenia, Baja arborea Areschoug dans la zone por ser una de las especies críticas California Sur, was studied. Eisenia inter-marée de Punta Eugenia, car en la estructura comunitaria de esta arborea is one of the critical spe- c’est une des espèces critiques de la zona. Se trabajó entre diciembre de cies for the community assemblage structure communautaire de cette 2003 y agosto de 2004 para estimar in the study area. Sampling was zone. L’étude a été réalisée entre densidades, tasas de crecimiento, carried out from December 2003 décembre 2003 et août 2004 afin reproducción, reclutamiento y co- to August 2004. We measured the d’estimer les densités, les taux de rrelaciones morfométricas. La den- plant density, growth rate, repro- croissance, la reproduction, le recru- sidad promedio fue de 23 talos m-2, ductive season, recruitment and tement et la orrélations morphomé- con un máximo significativo en ju- morphometric correlations in the triques. La densité moyenne a été de lio de 2004. La tasa de crecimiento population. Average density was 23 thalles m-2 avec un maximum si- es estacional y lenta si se compara 23 plants m-2, with a significantly gnificatif en juillet 2004. Le taux de con otras Laminariales, no superan- maximum in July 2004. The growth croissance est saisonnier et lent si on do en promedio 0.2 mm día-1, aun- rate is seasonal and, in contrast to compare avec d’autres laminariales, que los individuos de la temporada the finding for other species from et il ne dépasse pas la moyenne de invernal tienen una mayor tasa de Laminariales, the growth rate for E. 0.20 mm j-1, même si les individus crecimiento. Las algas presentan arborea was much lower. The aver- de la saison hivernale ont un taux de una estrategia de vida perenne y age was always lower than 0.20 mm croissance plus élevé. Les algues ont estacionalidad en la presencia de so- d-1. Nevertheless, younger plants une stratégie de vie pérenne et sai- ros, con una alta presencia de fron- showed significant higher growth sonnière en présence de sores, avec das en estado reproductivo durante rates. We found a significant sea- une présence élevée de frondes en otoño-invierno. El mayor número sonal variation for sori presence. état reproductif pendant l’automne- de reclutas se registró en febrero de The highest percentage of plants hiver. Le nombre le plus important 2004. Las correlaciones morfométri- with reproductive fronds was ob- de recrues a été enregistré en février cas indican una tendencia positiva tained during autumn-winter. The 2004. Les corrélations morphomé- entre las longitudes máxima del highest number of recruits in the triques indiquent une tendance po- alga y del estipe, así como longitud study site was in February 2004. sitive entre longitude maximale de máxima y perímetro de estipe. Este Morphometric correlations between l’algue et du stipe, de même pour estudio evaluó la parte más accesible maximum stipe length and perim- longitude maximale et périmètre du * Laboratorio de Bioingeniería. Universidad Adolfo Ibáñez. Av. Diagonal Las Torres 2640. Peñalolén, Chile. ** Programa de Investigación en Botánica Marina. Universidad Autónoma de Baja California Sur. Carretera al Sur km 5.5. La Paz, B.C.S., 23080, México. *** Centro de Estudios Avanzados en Zonas Áridas (CEAZA), Avenida Raúl Bitrán s/n, Colina El Pino, La Serena. Chile. Ciencia y Mar 2009, XIII (39): 3-13 **** Centro Interdisciplinario de Ciencias Marinas. Av. Instituto Politécnico Nacional s/n. Ap. 592, La Paz, B.C.S., 23096, México. 3 en el margen superior de su distri- eter showed a positive trend. This stipe. Cette étude a évalué la partie bución vertical de E. arborea, que study focuses on the most accessible la plus accessible dans la marge su- sería el primer sector afectado en un portion of E. arborea populations. périeure de la distribution verticale proceso de extracción comercial, si- Such marginal parts would be the de E. arborea, partie qui serait af- tuación que ya presenta anteceden- first ones to be affected by the com- fectée en premier lors d’un procédé tes de haber comenzado. mercial exploitation, activity that d’extraction commerciale, extrac- already started. tion qui a déjà eu lieu. Palabras clave: Crecimiento, Key words: Density, growth, re- Mots clés: Croissance, densité, densidad, reclutamiento, repro- cruitment, reproduction manage- exploitation commerciale, recru- ducción, manejo, explotación ment, commercial exploitation. tement, reproduction, gestion. comercial. Introducción Se ha demostrado que latitudinalmen- Las algas pardas de los ordenes Fucales y te existe, en el hemisferio norte, una reduc- Laminariales son elementos que pueden ser ción significativa de la riqueza específica tanto comunes como dominantes en la zona de Laminariales que ocurre de Norte a Sur rocosa submareal e intermareal del mun- (Druehl 1970) y la mayor parte de los estu- do (Schield & Foster 2006). En la zona de dios de este orden se han realizado en la zona Columbia Británica (Canadá) se ha observa- submareal de California (Dayton et al. 1999, do que las interacciones biológicas tienen un Edwards 2004, Edwards & Estes 2006) en efecto considerable sobre los patrones de- particular con referencia a los efectos causa- mográficos de las Laminariales dentro de la dos por El Niño sobre las especies y evaluan- zona intermareal (Markel & DeWreede 1998). do su potencialidad de recuperación. Esto Mientras que para la zona Californiana se ha mismo se ha desarrollado en Baja California observado que los patrones demográficos se donde se ha observado que Eisenia arborea ven influenciados por cuestiones físico-quí- Areschoug es una especie competidora con micas del ambiente más que por los ramonea- Macrocystis pyrifera (L.) C. Agardh en proce- dores (Black 1974, Foster 1990, McConnico & sos de recolonización post-El Niño en la zona Foster 2005). submareal (Ladah et al. 1999). Eisenia arborea De las 20 especies del orden Laminariales puede recuperarse más rápidamente que M. reconocidas en California y Baja California pyrifera, debido a que la planta adulta perma- (Abbott & Hollenberg 1976), existen seis espe- nece en el ambiente pues posee adaptaciones cies con poblaciones de renovación típicamen- fisiológicas para almacenar nitrógeno en sus te anual (McConnico & Foster 2005). Todas las tejidos que le ayudan a resistir las mayores especies estudiadas hasta el momento tienen temperaturas del agua (Hernández-Carmona una tasa de crecimiento elevada (Schield & et al. 2001). Luego del evento, las poblaciones Foster 2006). La densidad poblacional tiende de E. arborea se recuperan al generar nuevos a variar estacionalmente con un máximo en reclutas que ocupan el espacio dejado por invierno y un mínimo en verano (Henkel & la desaparición de M. pyrifera y otras algas. Murray 2003). Pero no se conoce apropiada- Edwards & Hernández-Carmona (2005) mos- mente la relación entre la densidad, estructura traron que existen grandes cambios en la den- de tallas y reclutamiento (Creed et al. 1998). Se sidad de la especie entre un año normal contra ha observado que el reclutamiento ocurre en un año El Niño para la zona de San Roque en diferentes momentos de la primavera (Black Baja California Sur (BCS) (27º10’N, 114º26’O). 1974, Henkel & Murray 2003, McConnico & Riosmena-Rodríguez et al. (2005) también en- Foster 2005) y la maduración de soros abar- contraron densidades bajas de E. arborea en la ca de marzo a octubre (Blanchette 1996, zona submareal de Punta Abreojos (BCS) du- Ciencia y Mar 2009, XIII (39): 3-13 McConnico & Foster 2005). rante un evento El Niño moderado. Además 4 Parada et al. en esta zona registraron su presencia en la zona intermareal baja. Cabe señalar que la distribución de esta especie en México ha sido descrita de manera continua a lo largo de la península de Baja California desde la fronte- ra con Estados Unidos (Baja California) hasta la isla Santa Margarita en Baja California Sur (24º26’N, 111º49’O) (Druehl 1970). Es una es- pecie submareal pero también se la encuentra ocasionalmente en el intermareal medio-bajo (Abbott & Hollenberg 1976). En general el co- nocimiento de la dinámica poblacional de la especie es fragmentario y exclusivamente co- nocido para el submareal. Eisenia arborea ha sido descrita como un re- curso potencial para la extracción de algina- tos (Guzmán del Proo 1969, Guzmán del Proo et al. 1986, Hernández-Carmona et al. 2001), también constituye un elemento alimenta- rio importante para los abulones (González- Avilés & Shepherd 1996, Serviere-Zaragoza et al. 1998) ha sido explotada en forma arte- sanal en México (Callejas-Jiménez 2006), pue- Figura 1. Ubicación geográfica del área de estudio. Punta Eugenia, Baja California Sur. de ser usado para consumo animal o humano (Hernández-Carmona et al. 2009), además pre- senta efectos antialérgicos (Sugiura et al. 2008) del CICESE para la isla Cedros. La Tabla I y una alta actividad anticoagulante (Muñoz- muestra las fechas de muestreos y los prome- Ochoa et al. 2009) que la vuelve una especie dios mensuales de temperatura superficial del interesante para investigaciones biomédicas.
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