Preface by the Editor This publication was founded to the DAAD by the Ferderal Foreign Office. NATIONAL ATLAS OF National atlases belong to the distinctive symbols of states as well as national flags and national anthems. This holds true particularly for young AFGHANISTAN states and to those whose territorial identity and national independence cannot always be defined in cooperation with Department of Geography clearly and uncontroversially. Beyond the scienti- Justus Liebig University Giessen fic, geographical and cartographical issues, maps and cartography do also gain political importance. Geography Department In the context of national atlases Geography and Kabul University Ministry of Higher Education University Kabul Cartography can help to create the supportive Islamic Republic of Afghanistan instruments of a state directly. We as the Afghan workgroup take pride in contributing to this task of particular relevance by preparing the “National Afghan Geodesy & Cartography Atlas of Afghanistan”. Head Office Islamic Republic of Afghanistan National atlases are always a political issue, in par- ticular those regarding politically sensitive spaces of geostrategic prominence like Afghanistan. All the more this applies to those maps which show thematic maps that are not everywhere uncontro- 69° Darwaz 60°E 63° 66° ! 72° 75° Dushanbe ! 2981 1 2Amu Darya 34 5

2658 versial. As a matter of principle a national atlas has Topography ! j Pan d ! e f Karakum Khwahan a Canal S Mary 4548 !Raghestan ! ! - i Khamyab - Shighnan Yang-i-Qala h 443! 5402 ! ! ! !Chah Ab o to face those challenges and intentionally to spot K i d o r r r 5412 A Faiz Abad C o ! ! Panj Amu Darya Wakhan n Mu 303 Emam ! Baharak ! a ! Saheb h

rga Andkhoy k ! Aqcha a! ! Fayz Keshem

b ! ! d W !Abad Mazar-i- Taloqan ! 6033 ! Kunduz a !Sharif o Khulm o ! m Eshkashem on critical issues. By doing so it steps out of the Dasht-i-Layli ! Khan ! Balkh ® ® m 5851 ® 1363 ® ! ! a Zebak Abad 7485!

Te Shiberghan ! !1152 h Ali Abad ! u Koh-i d jen Dawlat Abad 1215 Marmol ! ! ! M h Noshak !Sholgareh Eshkmesh 5299 Koh-i Aybak Warsaj ! s 36° Sar-i-Pul ! Bandaka! Keshendeh a 6271 ! ! j u 36° Khuram Wa Baghlan-!Nahrin a ! Sarbagh i-Jadid hw shadow of a pure documentation or database and ! K Koran Wa6435 ! i- K ! ! Pul-i- h- Monjan Almar Darah Suf- Ko Koh-i ! Maymana Sang(San) Khumri Tuluksa 701 Ghormach i-Payin Indus ! Charak Pule ! Hesar u ! Dowshi Khenjan ! 1014! ! ! ! Qaysar 2423 d Bala Murghab Se ! lsel eh-Y ! n Contact: e B Tala Wa becomes a scientific instrument of analysis. an Kahmard i ! ! d-i- Barfak Bazarak 2001 T 3727 3370! ! or ! Towraghondi b ke ! H d sta ! urga n Ko 3573 Sayghan Chaharikar P Gulran M ! ! Mahmud-i-Raqi Nurgeram Asmar Bar Kunar a ! h ! ri Ru ! Jawand - r Kushk-i- i Band-i-Amir ! Taybad op Qala-i-Naw -H Asad Abad Ha ! ! a Kohna is Bamyan Shekh Ali mi ! ! a su Kushk r a o Mehtarlam !Islam Qala s Qadis ! a b M Yakawlang o h - i - B Surobi ountains K ® ! Chaghcharan Kabul River Selsel eh-Ye Safid Kuh Jalrez Jalalabad Markaze ! d 3402 KABUL o Muhmand elum B ! Chisht-i-Sharif Hari Ru ! Behsud Jh ! ! Dara Ghoryan ! B a n d - i - B a y a n ! ! Maydan ® ! 1312 Herat o 3146 2868 K o h Panjab ! Shahr ! Tourkham ® a h ! S i Shahrak 2889 2210 ! ! 2495 2849 Saydabad! Pul-i-Alam ! ! ! Peshawar Islamabad Khadir r 1495 ! a Lija ! ! Farsi w Ahmad Facts ! a Khel N Nili - 3279 n i Rawalpindi ! a l t- a Kiti h Gardez D ! s Prof. Dr. Andreas Dittmann ! a Ghazni p l a Taywarah D ! a !Gizab Shindand C 2442 Khost (Matun) ! Rud 33° nd a Sharan m • 56 page sized maps 33° Baghran! d ! n Hel a !Urgun m 2756 ! l ! Zarghun Department of Geography a ! ! Anar Dara ! M Khas Shahr - Uruzgan Muqur i Rud Tirin r um - Dehrawud a Jhel h ! Kot h 1425! o Khash C ! ! Farah K r Shah a Gomal Kajaki 1801 j Joy • 19 tables !1186 ! ! r ! f a Nawa Dilaram a Justus Liebig University Giessen ! K Wor Mamay Qalat ! Sangin!

! of Afghanistan National Atlas

Farah Rud of Afghanistan National Atlas !Shinkay 633 Lurah Rud 2464 henab Lash-i-Juwayn ! ! Turwo (Tarwe) C ! ! Lahore

2362! 762 ! Lashkar Gah Kandahar Faisalabad • 59 figures and photographies ! Arghestan Khash ! Senckenbergstr. 1 o C Rod ® 2068! w Chakhansur! o Garm Ser 1146 Ravi g ! ! r Spin Boldak a ! Zabol - M 72° • extensivly researched and validated content 1001! 35390 Giessen, Germany Zaranj - i h t a s D 1282 Capital City International Boundary n ! a Important City Provincial Boundary Chahar Burjak ! t and Rud Ind ! Province Town Trucial Boundary Helm s Quetta Multan us providing reliable information on e.g. popu- o e Sutlej Main Road 30°N 1031 30° i g ! ® International Airport Tel.: +49 (0)641 / 99 36200 1643 ! o R Connecting Road ® Airport Secondary Road Zahedan ! 2003 Elevation Pass (Elevation in m) lation, vegetation, infrastructure, and many ! 0 50 100 150 km Fax: +49 (0)641 / 99 36209 D 63° 66° 69° Railroad Tunnel 7 more topics [email protected] Topography Topics covered

Geography Neighbouring Countries Topography

Administrative Division Geology Hydrography

Earthquakes Minerals Soils Climate Tectonics

Vegetation Landcover Landscapes Eco Regions

Tectonics Mammals Trade Export Vegetables

Irrigated Area Cultivated Area Import Grain Crops

Orchards Horticulture Vineyards Rangeland

Industrial Crops Energy Media and Communication

Livestock Traffic Languages National Sites

Ethno-linguistic Groups Development of Borders Health Ethno-linguistic Groups

Population Health Workforce Education 19 authors, hundreds of contributing Public Schools Higher Education 59 figures and 19 tables with detailed researchers and scholars, and last but descriptions. not least Lisett Diehl, Bernd Goecke and Nadine Liebich (Cartography).

Dipl.-Geogr. Alexander Adick Mohammad Rafi Noorzai

)" 69° 60°E 63° 66° 72° 75° " 69° 60°E 63° 66° ) ! 72° 75° Dushanbe ! ! Dushanbe ! ! ! A ! !!!!! mu ! !! D !! !! ! ! ary !! ! a !! j !! ! Land Cover n !! ! a ! !!!! P Public Schools ! !!!!! ! Prof. Ghulam Arez Prof. Dr. Berthold Oehm ! !! ! ! K Panj ! ! ar ! ! aku Canal Karakum m Canal ! Mary Amu Darya !! ! Mary !!!! ( ! ! ! !! (! ! !! ! ! ! ! !!!!!!! ! !! ! !!! !! ! ! ! ! !!! !! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! !!! ! ! ! ! ! !! ! ! ! !!!!! !!! ! ! ! !!!! !! !! ! !!! ! ! !!!!! ! ! ! ! ! ! !!!! !!!!!!!! ! ! ! ! !! ! ! ! !! ! !!!!!!!!! ! !! ! Faiz Abad !!! !!! ! ! !! ! !! ! !!! !!! ! ! ! !!!!! ! ! !!! !!! !!! !! !!!Faiz! Abad! ! A (! ! ! !!! !!!!!!!!!!!!!! !!!! ! ! !!!!!!!! ! ! ! m Jawzjan ! ! ! Kunduz! !!!!!!!!!!!! !!!!!!! ! !!!!! ! !!!!!!(!! ! ! ! M ! Amu! ! !!! !!! ! ! ! !!!!! !!!! ! ! ! ! ! u nj ! ! !! ! !!!!!!! !!!! !! ! ! !!!!!!!!!!!! !!!!! ! ! u a ! ! !!! ! ! ! !! ! ! ! D P !! ! !! ! !! ! !! !!! Darya !!!! ! !!!!!!!!! Takhar!!! ! !! ! !!!! !! !!!! r a !!! !! ! !! ! ! ! !!!! ! ! !! !! !! !!!! !!!! !!!! ! ! Panj g ! ! ! ! ! !! ! ! !! ! ! ! ! ! ! ry !!! !!!!!! !!!!!!!!! ! !! ! ! ! !! ! ! !! !! ! !!! ! ! !! !!!! !!! ! a ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! !! ! ! Badakhshan! ! a !! !!!! ! !!!!!!!! !!!!! !!!!! !! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! !!! !! ! !!!!!!! !!! ! !!! ! b !! !! !! !!! ! ! ! ! ! !! ! !!! Taloqan !! ! !!!!! ! !! !Mazar-i-!!!! ! ! !!!!!!!!! ! !! !! !!!!!!!! ! !! ! ! !!!!! ! ! ! ! !!!!!! ! ! !! !!! ! ! ! !!!!!! ! !!!! !!!!!! ! !!! !!!!! !! ! ! ! ! ! Prof. Dr. Andreas Dittmann Dr. Azizullah Qureischie (! !!! !!!! !!! !!! !!!!!!! ! ! ! !!!!!!!!!!!! ! !!!!!! !!! !!! !! ! ! ! ! ! !! ! (! ! !!! ! ! ! ! !!!!!!!! !! !!Sharif!!! ! ! ! !!!!!!!!!!!! !!!!!!!! !!!!!(!!! ! !!!! !!!! ! ! !! (! ! !!!!! ! !! !!!!!!! ! !!!!! !!!!!!!!!(!!!!!!!!!!!! ! !! !!!!!! ! !!!! !! ! ! (! Kunduz !!!!!!!! ! ! !! !! !!(!!!! Balkh! ! !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! !! !!! !! ! ! !!(!!!! !! !!!!!!! !!!!!!!! ! ! !!!! !! !! ! ! ! !!! ! ! ! !! ! ! Shiberghan Mazar-i- !!! ! ! ! ! !! !!! ! !!!! !!!! !!! ! ! ! !! ! !!! T !!! ! ! !!!!!! !!!!!! ! ! ! ! ! !! !! Te ! ! ! e ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! Sharif Mu Shiberghan!!! ! ! !!! !! !! ! ! !!! !! ! ! !!! !! j !! ! !!! ! ! !!! !! ! ! ! ! (! e !! ! ! ! ! !!!!!!!! ! ! ! ! (! jen ! ! ! ! !!!!!! ! ! ! !! !!!!! ! ! ! ! n ! ! ! ! ! ! !! ! rg !!! !!! !! ! ! !!! ! !!!! ! ! ! !! ! 36° ! !! ! ! ! ! !! ! ! !! ! ! ! ! ! !!! !! ! ab ! ! ! ! ! ! !!! !! !! !! !! 36° !! ! !!! ! !!!!! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! !!!! ! !! !!! ! !!!!! ! ! !!!! !! ! ! !!!!! !! !! ! ! ! ! ! ! !!!!! ! ! !!!! !! !! !!!!!!!! ! !!!! !! !!! ! ! ! ! ! ! !! !!! !! ! ! ! !! ! ! ! !Samangan!! ! !!! !!! !! !! ! ! ! !!!! !! !!!!! !!! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! !! !!!! ! !! !!! !! ! ! 36° ! ! ! ! ! ! !! !!!!! !! ! ! ! !! ! ! !!!! ! !!!!! ! ! Pul-i- 36° Faryab!! ! ! ! !! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! !!!! ! ! !! !! !!! !!!! !! !!!! !!! !!! ! ! ! !! ! ! !! ! ! !! ! ! ! !!!!!!!! ! ! ! !!!! !!! ! !! ! !! !! !!! ! ! !! !!!!!! ! ! !!!!!! ! !! ! !! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! (!Khumri !! !!!! !!! !!!!!!! ! !! !! !! !! ! ! !! ! !!!! ! ! ! ! ! ! !!! ! !! !!! ! !! !! ! ! ! ! ! ! !! ! ! !!! !!!!!!! ! !!!! !!!! ! !!!! ! ! ! ! !! !!!!!(!!!! ! !!! !! ! !! ! ! (! !!!! !!!! ! !! !!!!! Sar-i-Pul! ! ! !!!!! ! !! ! !! ! ! ! !!!!!! !! ! !!!! ! !! ! ! ! !!! !(!!! !! !!!! ! !!! ! ! !!!!!! ! ! ! ! ! !! ! ! !! !!! !! !!! ! ! ! ! ! !! ! ! ! ! !!!!!!!!! !!! !! ! ! !!! !! !!! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! !! !! !! !! ! !!! Maymana Indus ! ! ! !! ! !!!!!!! ! !! ! !! !! ! !!! ! ! !!! ! ! ! ! ! ! !! ! !! !! ! Indus ! ! ! ! ! !!! !!!!! !! !!!! ! !! ! ! !!! !!! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! !!! ! !! ! ! !! ! !!!!!!! ! ! !! !! !! ! ! ! ! !! ! ! ! ! ! !!! !! !! Prof. (em.) Dr. Peter Felix-Henningsen ! ! !! !! !!! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! !!!! !! !! !!!! ! !! ! ! !! ! ! ! ! !! !! ! ! ! !! ! ! Dr. Daud M. Rafiqpoor ! ! ! !!!! ! ! ! !! ! ! ! ! !!!!! ! !!!!! !!! ! !! ! ! !! !!! ! ! ! ! ! !! ! !!!! !!!!! !!! ! ! ! !!! ! !!! !! ! !!! ! ! ! ! ! ! !!!! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! !!! !!! !! ! !!! ! ! ! ! ! ! Panjsher! ! !!! !! !! ! ! ! !!! ! ! ! ! ! ! !! ! !!! ! ! ! ! !! ! ! !!! ! ! !! !! ! ! ! ! ! ! !!!! !! !!! ! ! !!! !! !! !! !! ! ! !! ! !!! ! ! ! ! !! ! !! !!!!! ! !! ! ! ! Baghlan! ! ! ! ! ! ! !! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! !!!! ! ! ! !!!!! ! ! !! !! ! ! ! ! ! !Badghis! ! ! ! ! ! !!!! !! ! ! ! ! ! !!! ! !! !! ! !! Nuristan!! !! !!!! ! ! ! ! ! ! !! !! !!!!! ! ! ! !!!! ! ! !!! ! !!!!!!!! !!!!! ! ! ! ! !!!! ! !! ! ! !!! ! ! ! !! !!!!!! !!!!! ! ! ! !!! !!!! ! ! ! ! ! !! !! !! ! !!! !!!! !!!!!!! ! !! ! ! ! !! ! ! !! !!!!! !!!!!! !! ! b ! ! ! ! !! !!! ! ! !!! !!!!Kunar!! !! ! !! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! Bamyan!!! !!!!!!! !!! !! !! !! ! ! !! !! !!! ! d d ! ! ! ! !! ! ! ! !!!!!! ! !! !! ! M ! ! ! !! !! ! Murga ! ! ! ! !!! !!!!!!!! !!!!!!! ! !! !! ! ! !!!!!!!!!! !!!! u u u ! ! !! ! ! ! ! !! ! ! !! !!!!!!!!!!! !!!! ! !!! !! rg Chaharikar ! ! !! ! ! !! ! ! !! ! ! ! ! !! ! ! !! !!!!!!!!!!!!!!! !!!!!!!! !!! ! ! !!! !!!!! !!!!! ! !!!! R ! !! ! ! ! R a (! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! !! ! ! !!! ! !!! !!!!!!!!! ! !!!! !! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! !!!!!! !!! !! b ! ! ! ! !!! ! ! ! ! ! ! !! ! ! ! ! ! !!!!!!!!!!! !(!!!!!!! !!!!! ! ! ! !! !!! ! i ! ! !! ! ! ! ! ! ! !! !! !!!!!!! !! !!!!!!!! ! !!!!! ! !! !! ! !!!! !! !! r ! ! ! ! ! !!!! ! ! ! !! !! ! !!!!! ! !!! ! ! ! !!!! !!! ! !!!!!! ! ! !!!!!!! !!! ! !! !! !!! !! ! !! ! ! ! ! ! !!! ! !!!! ! !!!!!!!! !! ! !!! ! !!!!!!!! !!!! !!! !!! !!!!!!! a ! ! !!! ! ! ! ! ! ! !!!!! ! ! !!! !!! ! ! ! ! !!!! ! ! ! ! ! !! !! ! ! !!! ! !!!!! ! !! !!! ! ! ! !! ! ! ! ! ! !! ! ! ! !!!! !!! ! ! !! ! !! ! !!!!!! !!!!!!!!! ! ! ! !! !!! ! Hari ! ! ! !! !! ! !! ! ! H Bamyan ! ! ! ! ! ! !! ! ! ! ! ! ! !! ! ! ! !! ! ! !!!!!!!! ! !!! ! !! !! ! !!!!! !!!!! !! !! !! !! ! ! ! !! ! ! ! !!! !! ! !!! ! ! ! ! !!! ! ! !Bamyan! ! !!!!! !!!!!!!!!!! !!!! !! ! !!!!! !!!! ! !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! (! !! ! !! !!! !!! !! ! ! ! ! ! !! !! ! ! ! !!! ! ! ! ! ! !!(!! !!! !!! !!!!!!! !!!!Kapisa!!! ! ! ! !!!!!! !!!!! !!!!!!!!! !!!!! !!! ! ! ! !!! ! ! !!! !!!!! !! !! !! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! !!!! !!! ! !!!! ! ! !!!!!! ! !! ! !!!!!!!!!! !! ! !!!!!!!!!! !!! !!!!!!! ! !! ! !! !! ! !! ! ! !! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! !! !! ! !!!!!!!!! !!!! ! !!! !!!!!!! ! !! ! ! !! !!!!!!!! !!!!! ! ! ! !!!!! ! ! !!!!! ! ! ! ! ! ! !! !! !! ! ! !! ! !!! ! ! ! ! ! ! !! ! ! ! !! ! Parwan! !!!!!!!!!! ! ! !! !! !!!!!! ! ! ! !!!!!! !! !! ! ! ! ! !! ! ! !! !! !! ! ! ! ! ! !! ! ! !!!!!!! !!! ! ! ! !! ! ! !! ! !!!!!!! !! ! ! ! ! !!!! !! !!!! ! ! !!!!!! !! ! !!!!!! ! ! !! ! !! !! !!!!! !!!!!!!!! !! !! !!!! !!!! ! ! Chaghcharan Kabul River ! ! !! ! ! ! ! !! Chaghcharan! !! ! ! ! ! ! !!!! ! ! ! ! !! !! ! !!!! !!!!!!!!!!!!!!! !!!!!!!!!! !!!!!!!! !!!!!!!! ! )" !! ! ! !!! !! ! ! !!! ! ! ! ! !!!! !! ! !!! !!! ! ! !!!! ! !!!!!!!!!!!!!)"!!!!!!!!!!!! ! Laghman!! !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! ! !! Herat (! (! m ! !! ! ! !! ! ! ! ! !!! !!(! ! !! ! !!! ! !! ! !! ! !!!! ! ! ! !!!! !! !!!!!! !!!!! ! ! !!!!!!!!!!! !! ! !! !!!!!!!! ! ! !! Dr. Christine Issa Ulf Siefker lu ! !!! !! !!!! ! !! ! ! ! ! !! ! ! ! !! ! ! ! !!!! ! ! ! !!!! ! ! ! !!!!!!!!! ! !!!!!!!!! ! !!! !!(!!! !!!!!! ! Rud Kabul he !!! ! Herat!!!!!!!! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! !!! ! !!!! !!!!!!!! !!!!! !!! !!!!! Kabul!!! ! !!!!!! !! !!! (! Hari J ! ! ! !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! ! ! ! !! !! ! ! ! ! ! ! !!! ! ! ! !!! ! !!Wardak! ! ! !! !!!!!!!!! !! !! !!!! ! ! ! !!! !!!!!!!!! !!! Jhelum Jalalabad !!!! !!!!!!(!!!!!!!!!! ! !!! !! !!!! ! ! !! !! ! !! ! !! ! ! !! !!!! ! !! ! ! !! ! !!!!!!!!! !!! !! !! !! ! ! !!!!! !!! !! !! ! ! ! !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! ! ! !! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! !!! ! !! ! ! !! ! !! !! ! ! !! ! ! ! !!!!!!!!!! ! !!!!!!!!!! !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! !!! ! Rud !!!! !! ! ! ! !!!! ! !! !!!! !!! ! !! ! !! !! ! ! ! ! !! ! !! !!!! !! !! ! ! ! ! !!!! !!!!! !!!!!! !! Hari ! ! !! !! ! !!! ! ! !! !!!!!!!! ! ! !! !!!!!!!! ! ! !!!!!! !!! ! ! !! !!!!!! ! ! ! !! ! ! ! ! ! ! !! !! ! !!!!! !! !! !! !! !! ! !! !!!! ! !!!!!!!!!!!!! !!! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! !! ! ! !! !!!! ! !!!!! ! !! ! ! ! !!!!!!!!! ! !! ! !!!! !!!!!! !!!! ! ! (! !!! ! ! ! ! !! ! !! !!! ! ! ! !! !!! !! ! ! !! !! !! !! !!! !! ! !!!!!!!!!!! ! !!!! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! !! ! ! ! ! ! !Ghor!! ! ! !!! ! !!!!!! !!!! !! !! !! ! ! !!!!!!! !! !!!!!!! !! Logar! !!!!!!!! !! ! !!!!!!! ! ( ! ! ! !! ! ! ! ! ! ! !!!!!! ! ! ! !!! ! !! ! !!!! !! ! !!! !! ! ! !!!!!!! ! !! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! !! ! !! ! ! ! !!! ! ! !!!!! !! !! !!! !! !!! !! ! Peshawar Islamabad ! !! ! ! ! ! ! !! ! ! ! ! ! ! !! ! !!!!!!!!!!!!! ! ! ! !!!!! Peshawar Islamabad ! !! ! ! ! ! ! !! ! !! !! ! ! !!!!!!! ! !!! !!!!! )" ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! !!!! !! !! ! ! !! ! ! ! ! !! !! !!!! !! !! ! ! ! )" ! ! ! !! ! !! ! ! !! ! !! ! ! !! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! !! ! ! ! !!! ! ! !! !! !!!!!!! Nangarhar ! !! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! !! ! !!!!! !! ! !!! !!! ! !! (! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! !! ! !!! !! !!!!! ! ! !!!Paktya!! !!!! (! ! ! ! ! ! !! !! ! ! !! ! ! !! ! ! !! !!!!!!! ! !! !!! ! ! ! !!! !! !! !! ! ! !Ghazni!! ! !! ! ! ! !!!!!! ! ! ! ! !!! !! !!! !! ! !! ! ! ! !!!!!! !!! and Rud !! ! !!!!! !!!!! !!! ! !!!!!!!!!! ! ! !! Rawalpindi ! ! ! ! !!!! ! ! ! ! !! ! !! ! !! ! !!! !! ! !!! !! ! !!!! ! ! !! !!!!!!!! !! !!!!! Rawalpindi ! !! !! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! elm ! !! ! ! ! !!!!!! !! ! !!!!!!! !!!!!!!! !! ! (! Settlements ! ! ! !! !!!! ! ! ! ! !! !!! !! H ! ! ! !! !!!!(!!!! ! !!!!!!! !!!!! !!! !!!!!! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! !!! ! ! ! ! ! !! ! !!! ! !!! ! !!!! !!! !!!!!!!!! ! ! !!!!! ! !! !!!!!!!! ! Ghazni ! !! ! Herat! ! ! ! !! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! !!! ! ! ! !! ! ! ! ! !!!!!!! !!! !!!!!!!!!!!!! !!! ! !!!!! !! d !! ! ! ! ! ! !!! ! ! ! ! !! ! ! ! !! !!! ! ! ! !! !Ghazni! ! ! !! ! !!! !! ! ! !! ! !! u ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! !! ! !! ! ! !! ! !! ! ! ! ! !!! ! ! ! !!!!! !!!!!! !!!!!!!!!! ! R ! ! !! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! !! ! !!! ! ! ! !! !!! !!!!! !!! !!! ! !! ! ! !! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! !! !!! ! ! ! !!!! !! !! !!!!! ! ! ! ! !! !!!!!! ! ! !! ! Prof. Dr. Sardar M. Kohistani Prof. (em.) Dr. Agemar Siehl d 33° ! ! ! ! ! ! ! !! Daykundi!!! ! ! ! ! ! !! !! ! ! ! !! ! ! !!!!! !!!!! !!! 33° n Fruit Trees ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! !! ! ! !! ! ! ! ! !! !!! ! ! !! ! !! a ! !! ! !! ! ! ! ! ! !! ! !!! !!! ! !! !! !! !! ! ! !!!!!! !!!!!!!!! m ! ! ! ! !!!! !! ! !! !! ! ! !!!!! ! ! ! !!! ! !! ! ! Khost! !! !!!!!! l ! ! ! ! ! !!! ! !!!! !!!!! !!!! ! ! ! !! !! ! ! !! !! Kabul City Number of Schools e 33° !! !! ! ! !! !! ! !!!!! ! !!!!! ! !! ! !! !!! !!!!! !!!!! !!!!!! ! !!!!!!!! !!! 33° H ! ! !! ! ! !! !!! ! !! ! ! !! !! ! ! !!!! ! ! !! !! !! ! ! ! ! ! !! ! ! ! ! ! ! !! !!! !! Irrigated Land, intensively cultivated !! ! !!! ! ! ! ! ! ! !!!! ! ! !! !! !! !! ! 750 ! ! !! ! !! Uruzgan!! !! ! ! !!! ! ! !!!! ! ! !!!! ! ! ! ! ! ! !! ! !!!! !!! !!! !! ! !!! !! !! ! !!!!! ! ud ! ! ! ! ! !! ! !! ! !! ! !!! !!!!! !!! !! ! d ! R ! ! ! ! ! ! !! ! !!! ! ! !!!!! u !! ! ! !! Rud ! !!! ! ! ! !! ! !! ! !!!! ! ! R ! ! ! ! ! ! ! !! ! ! !! ! ! !! ! ! !! ! h ! ! ! ! !! ! !! ! !! ! !! !! s Irrigated Land, intermittently cultivated ! ! ! ! ! ! !! ! ! !! ! ! !! !Paktika! !! ! !! a ! Farah ! ! ! !! !!!! !!! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! !!! h ! Farah ! ! ! Khash ! ! ! ! ! !!! !! ! ! !! !! ! ! !! ! !! ! ! K ! ! ! ! !!!!! !! ! ! ! ! !!! !!!!!!!! ! ! ! !! !! ! ! !!! ! ! ! !!! !! ! ! ! !!!!!! !! ! ! !!! !! !! ! ! !! ! ! ! ! ! 500 ! !! ! !!!! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! !! ! !!!! !! ! ! !! !!!! ! ! !!!! ! ! ! ! ! !!! Zabul!! !! !! ! !!! ! ! Rangeland ! ! !!!!!!! ! !!! !!!! !! ! ! ! ! (! !!!(! Farah ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! !! !!! Farah ! ! !!! !! ! ! ! ! !! ! !! ! ! ! ! !! ! ! ! !! !!! ! !! !! !! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! !!!!! ! ! !! !! ! ! !!!! ! ! ! !! !!! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! d !!! !!! ! ! ! ! ! ! !! ! ! ! ! !! ! u !!!!! ! ! ! !! !! !! R Rainfed Crops ! ! ! !! ! ! ! !! ! !! !! ! !!!!!! Wilhelm Löwenstein Dipl.-Geogr. André Staarmann ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! h ! !!!! ! ! !!!! ! ! ! ! ! !! ! 250 ra ! ! ! ! ! !! !! ! ! !! ! ! ! ! ! ! !! of Afghanistan National Atlas a ! ! ! ! ! of Afghanistan National Atlas National Atlas of Afghanistan National Atlas ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! F of Afghanistan National Atlas ! ! ! !! ! ! ! ! !Rud !!! !!!! ! ! !! !!! ! ! !!! ! ! ! ! ! !!! ! ! ! !! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! !! ! ! ! !!! ab nab Natural Forest ! ! !! ! !!! !! ! ! !! !! ! ! ! hen d he ! ! ! ! !!! ! ! !! ! ! ! ! Lurah ! !! C u C ! ! !!! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! (! R (! ! ! ! ! ! !!!! !! ! ! Lahore Lahore ! !! !! ! !!!!!!! !! ! ! ! ! ! ! h ! ! ! ! ! !!!!! !!!! ! !! ! ! ! ra ! ! ! !! ! ! !!!! !! ! !! ! Faisalabad Kandahar PistaFcahisioa lFaobraedst ! !!!! !! ! !! Kandahar! ! !! !!!!! ! ! ! ! ! ! !!! ! ! u !!!!! !!! ! !!! !!(!!! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! (! Lashkar Gah(! ( L (! ! ! Lashkar! ! !! !Gah!!!!!!(!! ! ! ! ! !! !! !!! ! !! ! !! ! ! High Schools Primary Schools ! !!! ! !!! !!!!!! ! ! !! !! ! ! ! ! ! !! ! ! ! ! !! !! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! !! ! ! !!!!! ! !! !! ! ! ! !!! ! m ! ! !!! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! boys mixed u !! ! ! ! !!! ! !!!! ! ! ! ! l ! !! Degraded Forest !! ! ! ! ! ! !! ! ! !!! ! ! ! e ! ! ! ! ! ! ! h ! ! ! !! girls girls i !! !!!! ! ! ! ! !! ! ! ! ! Jhelum J v ! !!! ! ! ! ! a Zabol ! ! ! ! ! !! Ravi Zabol R ! ! !! ! ! ! ! mixed boys (! ! ! !! ! ! ! !! ! ! ! (! Rock Outcrop, Bare Soil !! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! !!!(!!!! Nimroz ! ! ! ! ! !!! Sayed Maqbool Prof. Dr. Helmut Toepfer (! !! ! ! ! !! !! ! ! ! Zaranj ! ! ! boys mixed Zaranj ! ! ! ! !!! ! girls Sand Dunes ! !!!! !!!! ! !!! ! ! ! ! ! ! Kandahar Secondary Schools !! ! ! ! Sand covered Area ! ! ! ! ! ! H H ! !elmand! R elm ! !! Helmand ! !! Distribution by Kind of Schools a Indus nd ! ! ud ! ! ! 30° R I 30° Marshland, permanently ! Quetta j ud Quetta n j (! le (! d tle ! ! ut u u 30°N ! ! PrimaryS School (class 1 - 6) 30°N s S ! Marshland, seasonal ! Secondary School (class 7 - 9) Prof. Dr. Gunther Nogge Dr. Philipp Wagner ! Permanent Snow Zahedan ! Zahedan (! High School (class 10 - 12) ! 0 50 100 150 km ( 0 50 100 150 km ! Lake 63° 66° 69° 72° Islamic School (class 7 - 12) 63° 66° 69° 72° 33 91 Land Cover Public Schools Prof. Dr. Walid Ahmad Noori