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NATL INST OF STAND & TECH NBS PUBLICATIONS A111D7 ESTflSM l*i 0F c 0i , o NBS SPECIAL PUBLICATION 698 Q U.S. DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE/National Bureau of Standards Proceedings of the Third Cryocooler Conference QC National Bureau of Standards Boulder, 100 Colorado September 17-18, 1984 • U57 No. 698 1985 C. ? m he National Bureau of Standards' was established by an act of Congress on March 3, 1901. The Jf Bureau's overall goal is to strengthen and advance the nation's science and technology and facilitate their effective application for public benefit. To this end, the Bureau conducts research and provides: (1) a basis for the nation's physical measurement system, (2) scientific and technological services for industry and government, (3) a technical basis for equity in trade, and (4) technical services to promote public safety. The Bureau's technical work is performed by the National Measurement Laboratory, the National Engineering Laboratory, the Institute for Computer Sciences and Technology, and the Center for Materials Science. The National Measurement Laboratory 2 Provides the national system of physical and chemical measurement; • Basic Standards coordinates the system with measurement systems of other nations and • Radiation Research furnishes essential services leading to accurate and uniform physical and • Chemical Physics chemical measurement throughout the Nation's scientific community, in- • Analytical Chemistry dustry, and commerce; provides advisory and research services to other Government agencies; conducts physical and chemical research; develops, produces, and distributes Standard Reference Materials; and provides calibration services. The Laboratory consists of the following centers: The National Engineering Laboratory Provides technology and technical services to the public and private sectors to Applied Mathematics address national needs and to solve national problems; conducts research in Electronics and Electrical 2 engineering and applied science in support of these efforts; builds and main- Engineering tains competence in the necessary disciplines required to carry out this Manufacturing Engineering research and technical service; develops engineering data and measurement Building Technology capabilities; provides engineering measurement traceability services; develops Fire Research 2 test methods and proposes engineering standards and code changes; develops Chemical Engineering and proposes new engineering practices; and develops and improves mechanisms to transfer results of its research to the ultimate user. The Laboratory consists of the following centers: The Institute for Computer Sciences and Technology Conducts research and provides scientific and technical services to aid Programming Science and Federal agencies in the selection, acquisition, application, and use of com- Technology puter technology to improve effectiveness and economy in Government Computer Systems operations in accordance with Public Law 89-306 (40 U.S.C. 759), relevant Engineering Executive Orders, and other directives; carries out this mission by managing the Federal Information Processing Standards Program, developing Federal ADP standards guidelines, and managing Federal participation in ADP voluntary standardization activities; provides scientific and technological ad- visory services and assistance to Federal agencies; and provides the technical foundation for computer-related policies of the Federal Government. The In- stitute consists of the following centers: The Center for Materials Science Conducts research and provides measurements, data, standards, reference Inorganic Materials 3 materials, quantitative understanding and other technical information funda- Fracture and Deformation mental to the processing, structure, properties and performance of materials; Polymers addresses the scientific basis for new advanced materials technologies; plans Metallurgy research around cross-country scientific themes such as nondestructive Reactor Radiation evaluation and phase diagram development; oversees Bureau-wide technical programs in nuclear reactor radiation research and nondestructive evalua- tion; and broadly disseminates generic technical information resulting from its programs. The Center consists of the following Divisions: 'Headquarters and Laboratories at Gaithersburg, MD, unless otherwise noted; mailing address Gaithersburg, MD 20899. 2 Some divisions within the center are located at Boulder, CO 80303. 3 Located at Boulder, CO, with some elements at Gaithersburg, MD. Proceedings of the Third Cryocooler Conference National Bureau of Standards Boulder, Colorado September 17-18, 1984 Edited by: Ray Radebaugh, Beverly Louie, and Sandy McCarthy Natbnal Bureau of Standards Boulder, Colorado 80303 Sponsored by: Cryogenic Engineering Conference International Institute of Refrigeration -Com mission A 1/2 NASA/Goddard Space Flight Center National Bureau of Standards Naval Research Laboratory Office of Naval Research Q z U.S. DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE, Malcolm Baldrige, Secretary NATIONAL BUREAU OF STANDARDS, Ernest Ambler, Director Issued May 1985 Library of Congress Catalog Card Number: 85-600544 Natbnal Bureau of Standards Special Publication 698 Natl. Bur. Stand. (U.S.), Spec. Publ. 698, 279 pages (May 1985) CODEN: XNBSAV U.S. GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE WASHINGTON: 1985 For sale by the Superintendent of Documents, U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC 20402 ABSTRACT This document contains the proceedings of the Third Cryocooler Conference, held at the National Bureau of Standards, Boulder, Colorado, on September 17-18, 1984. About 140 people from 10 countries attended the conference and repre- sented industry, government, and academia. A total of 26 papers were presented orally at the conference and all appear in written form in this document. The emphasis in this confer- ence was on small cryocoolers in the temperature range of 4 - 80 K. Mechanical and nonmechanical types were discussed in the various papers. Applications of these small cryocoolers include the cooling of infrared detectors, cryopumps, small superconducting devices and magnets, and electronic devices. Key words: conference; cryocoolers; cryogenics, cryopumps; helium; infrared detectors; refrigeration; superconductors. DISCLAIMER Except where attributed to NBS authors, the content of individual sections of this volume has not been reviewed or edited by the National Bureau of Standards. NBS therefore accepts no responsibility for quality of copy, comments, or recommendations therein. The mention of trade names in this volume is in no sense an endorsement or recommendation by the National Bureau of Standards. i i i DEDICATION TO THE MEMORY OF PROFESSOR WILLIAM E. GIFFORD The 3rd Cryocooler Conference on Refrigeration for Cryogenic Sensors and Electronic Systems is dedicated to our late colleague, Professor William E. Gifford of Syracuse University, for his valuable contributions to the field of cryoref rigeration. He was one of our pioneers, an inventor of practical systems, a dedicated teacher who inspired his students, and founder of an organization to carry on the development and manufacturing of cryoref rigeration machinery. SPONSORS National Bureau of Standards Office of Naval Research Naval Research Laboratory International Institute of Refrigeration - Commission Al/2 Cryogenic Engineering Conference NASA/Goddard Space Flight Center CHAIRMAN Ray Radebaugh - National Bureau of Standards ADMINISTRATOR Sandy McCarthy - National Bureau of Standards ADVISORY COMMITTEE Edgar A. Edelsack - Office of Naval Research Max Gasser - NASA/Goddard Peter J. Kerney - CTI Cryogenics Paul Lindquist - Wright-Patterson AFB Ralph Longsworth - Air Products and Chemicals Martin Nisenoff - Naval Research Laboratory Allan Sherman - NASA/Goddard Klaus D. Timmerhaus - University of Colorado Graham Walker - General Pneumatics Corp. James E. Zimmerman - National Bureau of Standards LOCAL COMMITTEE Beverly Louie - National Bureau of Standards Ray Radebaugh - National Bureau of Standards James E. Zimmerman - National Bureau of Standards iv CONTENTS Page 1. INTRODUCTION AND SUMMARY 1 2. "DESIGN OF CRYOCOOLERS FOR MICROWATT SUPERCONDUCTING DEVICES," by J. E. Zimmerman 2 3. "RECENT CRYOCOOLER PROGRESS IN JAPAN," by Yoichi Matsubara 10 4. "MAGNETIC REFRIGERATION FOR LOW-TEMPERATURE APPLICATIONS," by John A. Barclay 20 5. "RECIPROCATING MAGNETIC REFRIGERATOR," by Dean L. Johnson 33 6. "IMPROVED HEAT SWITCH FOR GAS SORPTION COMPRESSOR," by Chung K. Chan 42 7. "HYDRIDE ABSORPTION REFRIGERATOR SYSTEM FOR TEN KELVIN AND BELOW," by Jack A. Jones 53 8. "CLASSIFICATION OF CRYOCOOLERS," by G. Walker 65 9. "AN EXPERIMENTAL STUDY FOR A MINIATURE STIRLING REFRIGERATOR," by Shimo Li, Chen Guobang, Cuangji Cui , and Jiazhang Li 71 10. "PARAMETRIC TESTING OF A LINEARLY DRIVEN STIRLING CRYOGENIC REFRIGERATOR," by F. R. Stolfi and A. Daniels 80 11. "DESIGN OF A FLIGHT QUALIFIED LONG-LIFE CRYOCOOLER," by L. Knox, P. Patt, and R. Maresca 99 12. "SIMPLE CONSTRUCTION AND PERFORMANCE OF A CONICAL PLASTIC CRYOCOOLER," by N. Lambert 119 13. "EFFECT OF LEAKAGE THROUGH CLEARANCE SEALS ON THE PERFORMANCE OF A 10 K STIRLING-CYCLE REFRIGERATOR," by C. S. Keung and E. Lindale 127 14. "AN EXPERIMENTAL RECIPROCATING EXPANDER FOR CRYOCOOLER APPLICATION," by Moses Minta and Joseph L. Smith, Jr 135 15. "EXPERIMENTS WITH A FULLY INSTRUMENTED SPLIT STIRLING CRYOCOOLER," by Alain Faure, Serge Reale, and Philippe Bernhein 147 16. "LOW FREQUENCY SPLIT CYCLE CRYOCOOLER," by S. X. Bian, Y. D. Zhang, W. W. Wan, L. Wang,
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