Lars Schmeink: Biopunk Dystopias

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Lars Schmeink: Biopunk Dystopias 208 MEDIENwissenschaft 02-03/2018 Lars Schmeink: Biopunk Dystopias: Genetic Engineering, Society and Science Fiction Liverpool: Liverpool UP 2016 (Liverpool Science Fiction Texts and Studies, Bd.56), 272 S., ISBN 9781781383766, GBP 75,– (Zugl. Dissertation an der HU Berlin, 2015) Um die Jahrtausendwende haben beigetragen (vgl. S.7). Der Biopunk Erfolge im Human Genome Project, ein steht laut Lars Schmeink also als rela- posthumanistischer Diskurs und eine tiv junges Subgenre der Science Fiction Gesellschaft, die von exzessivem Kon- (im Gegensatz zum Cyberpunk) bislang sum und einem wachsenden Wunsch weniger im Fokus der Forschung. Der nach Individualisierung geprägt ist, zur australische Literatur- und Kulturwis- Entstehung des dystopischen Biopunk senschaftler Sean McQueen untersucht Medien / Kultur 209 in Deleuze and Baudrillard: From Cyber- Posthuman: Virtual Bodies in Cyberne- punk to Biopunk (Edinburgh: Edin- tics, Literature, and Informatics (Chicago: burgh UP, 2016) den Übergang vom Chicago UP, 1999), Neil Badmingtons Cyberpunk zum Biopunk als Folge Alien Chic: Posthumanism and the Other des kulturellen und wirtschaftlichen Within (London: Routledge, 2004), Wandels vom Spätkapitalismus zum Cary Wolfes What is Posthumanism? Biokapitalismus. Obgleich McQueen (Minneapolis: Minnesota UP, 2010) nicht in Biopunk Dystopias zitiert wird, und Rosi Braidottis The Posthuman betrachtet Schmeink indirekt daran (London: Polity, 2013) –, als Kritik am anschließend den dystopischen Bio- Anthropozentrismus, indem er für eine punk als fiktionale Intervention in Subjektivität außerhalb kategorischer einen von Naturwissenschaft und Wirt- Grenzen wie Geschlecht, Rasse und schaft geprägten Diskurs über die gene- Spezies plädiert. Den zentralen Zugriff tische Forschung, der die Möglichkeit in Schmeinks Arbeit stellt jedoch der Heilung von Erbkrankheiten und Zygmunt Baumans Theorie der ,flüs- eines längeren, besseren Lebens hervor- sigen Gesellschaft‘ dar (vgl. Liquid hebt (vgl. S.239ff.). DNA wird so zur Modernity. Cambridge/Malden: Polity, Handelsware, deren Kauf eine Verbes- 2000). Hierfür greift Schmeink ver- serung des Selbst und eventuell sogar schiedene Aspekte der liquid modernity die Befreiung des menschlichen Geistes (z.B. Hyperkapitalismus, individuali- vom fehlbaren, vergänglichen Körper sierte Konsumgesellschaften und ein- verspricht. Dieser transhumanistischen permanenter Wandel der Gesellschaft) Utopie stellt Schmeink das Konzept auf und untersucht, wie diese in seinen der posthumanistischen Subjektivität Forschungsgegenständen zu Dystopien gegenüber. So warnen Biopunk-Dys- extrapoliert werden. So stellt Biopunk topien vor der Schaffung gentechnisch Dystopias in vielerlei Hinsicht vor allem hergestellter, posthumaner Kreaturen, eine marxistische Kritik an der Gesell- die nicht nur in Frage stellen, was es schaft des jungen 21. Jahrhunderts dar. heißt, Mensch zu sein, sondern die In fünf Kapiteln analysiert Schmeink oftmals drohen, ihre Erschaffer_innen fiktionale Biopunk-Dystopien „that auszurotten und ihren Platz einzuneh- extrapolate from liquid modern present, men: „Biopunk makes use of current exploring its dystopian dimension and posthumanist conceptions in order leading towards a posthuman future“ to criticize liquid modern realities as (S.71). Die generische Vielfalt der ver- already dystopian, warning that a future tretenen Primärquellen stellt eine große will only get worse“ (S.14). Den theore- Stärke des Buches dar: So findet sich tischen Rahmen von Biopunk Dystopias darunter Literatur, wie etwa Marga- bilden der kritische Posthumanismus ret Atwoods MaddAddam-Trilogie und das Konzept der liquid moder- (2013) und Paolo Bacigalupis The Win- nity. Den kritischen Posthumanismus dup Girl (2009), Filme (z.B. Vencenzo definiert Schmeink – in Anlehnung Natalis Splice [2010] und Danny Boyles an Katherine Hayles How We Became 28 Days Later [2002]), Fernsehserie 210 MEDIENwissenschaft 02-03/2018 (Heroes [2006-2010]) und Computer- beiträgt, sondern darüber hinaus den spiel (Ken Levines BioShock [2007]). wissenschaftlichen Diskurs für eine Schmeink geht an vielen Stellen auf die Vielzahl weiterer Fachrichtungen öff- medialen Besonderheiten der jeweiligen net. Die diskursive Verknüpfung, die Genres ein, indem er die generischen Schmeink zwischen wissenschaftlichem Möglichkeiten der Darstellung von Fortschritt, wirtschaftlichen Interessen, Dystopien hervorhebt. Zudem bringt gesellschaftlichem Wandel und der Schmeink Perspektiven verschiedener Fiktion als Instrument der kulturellen Fachrichtungen und theoretische Intervention herausarbeitet, stellt den Ansätze zusammen, unter anderem wissenschaftlichen und gesellschaft- aus der Soziologie, den Human-Ani- lichen Mehrwert von Biopunk Dysto- mal-Studies, den Monster Studies pias dar. und den Game Studies, was nicht nur zum Erkenntnisgewinn seiner Analyse Madeline Becker (Magdeburg).
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