supply his Liberian forces and his proxy Sierra Leone forces, the AFRC/RUF, with that materiel, thus conserving some ofhis own stores".11618
5255. The Prosecution further alleges that the Accused was in a long-term cooperative relationship with Alhaji Kromah, who became the leader of ULIMO-K, and that they were working together on various matters from as early as 1993. The Prosecution submits that a Memorandum of Understanding entered into by Taylor and Kromah in November 1995 led to Taylor once again having access to the border with Sierra Leone.11619
5256. The Defence denies the Prosecution's allegation and submits that there is no evidence suggesting that the Accused was involved in the arms trade between the RUF and ULIMO in Liberia.11620 The Defence accepts that Sankoh gave Bockarie $USD 7000 to buy ammunition from ULIMO, but submits that this is not linked to Taylor in any way other than by the suggestion that it was Jungle who carried the money from Sankoh to Bockarie. In this regard, the Defence submits that Jungle was not with the RUF on Taylor's behalf. 1l 621The Defence also challenges the Prosecution's allegation that the Accused and Alhaji Kromah were in a long-term cooperative relationship and submits that this is simply a Prosecution assumption, since there is no evidence on this point.11622
Evidence
Prosecution Witness TF1-168
5257. Witness TFI-168, an RUF member, testified that when Foday Sankoh was in the Cote d'Ivoire for the peace negotiations he received $USD 500,000 in May 1996 from the Libyan ambassador to Ghana, Mohamed Talibi. This assistance came after Sankoh went to Libya to ask for it in order to transform his movement into a political party. After Sam Bockarie told Sankoh that he could get ammunition from ULIMO fighters along the Sierra Leone-Liberian border and that he needed money in order to do that, Sankoh sent $USD
11618 Prosecution Final Trial Brief, para. 220.
11619 Prosecution Final Trial Brief, paras 221-222.
11620 Defence Final Trial Brief, para. 1040-1041; Defence Response to Prosecution Final Trial Brief, paras 40-41. 11621 Defence Final Trial Brief, para. 1039.
11622 Defence Response to Prosecution Final Trial Brief, paras 40-43.
1795~ Case No.: SCSL-03-01-T 18 May 2012 7,000 with Daniel Tamba (a.k.a. Jungle) to Bockarie. Out of that amount, $USD 2,000 was for food and $USD 5,000 was for ammunition. 11623
Prosecution Witness TFl-338
5258. Witness TFI-338, an RUF member, testified that in 1997 after Foday Sankoh returned from Abidjan he gave "some money" to Bockarie when they were in Giema. Sankoh told Bockarie to use the money to purchase arms and ammunition from ULIMa since he had heard that ULIMa were disarming and had a large cache of arms with them. The witness went to Foya with Bockarie, Kennedy, Lion, Sam Kolleh and others to negotiate for arms and ammunition from ULIMa. The materiel was bought from Farrah Aidid and Musa Sidibay, called Jungle. The witness stated that this happened in 1997 but could not recall the particular time. 11624
Prosecution Witness TF 1-371
5259. Witness TFI-371, an RUF member, testified that in 1997 the RUF purchased arms and ammunition from ULIMa through Vannuyan Sherif. Abu Keita was also "involved". The first sum of money came from Sankoh who sent Bockarie $USD 7,000. Bockarie also got 40,000 Liberian dollars although the witness did not know from where the money came from.11625
Prosecution Witness TFl-367
5260. Witness TFI-367, an RUF member, testified that the RUF purchased ammunition from ULIMa in 1997 until "Johnny Paul called us", referring to when Johnny Paul Koromoa invited the RUF to Freetown.11626 The witness stated that the first purchase was made with $USD 7,000 Bockarie had provided. Bockarie said that the money was given to him by Sankoh "to maintain the ground". Sankoh had given the $USD 7,000 to Bockarie upon his return to Buedu from the peace talks in the Cote d'Ivoire.11627 Bockarie would change the currency and provide funds for the ammunition purchases out ofthe $USD 7,000
11623 TFI-168, Transcript 22 January 2009, pp. 23283-23285 (CS); Transcript 26 January 2009, pp. 23537-23540 (CS). 11624 TFI-338, Transcript 3 September 2008, pp. 15275-15277. [1625 TF 1-371, Transcript 31 January 2008, pp. 2696-2697 (CS). 11626 TFI-367, Transcript 29 August 2008, pp. 14964-14966, 14967-14969. 11627 TFI-367, Transcript 20 August 2008, pp. 14156-14158.
1796 Case No.: SCSL-03-01-T .: 18May 2012 lump sum. The witness could not recall how much out of that sum was actually used to . . 11 628 purehase t h e ammumtion.
Prosecution Witness Mohamed Kabbah
5261 . Witness Mohamed Kabbah testified that prior to the Junta taking power, in 1996, the
RUF was trading for ammuniton with ULIMO at the border. 11629
The Accused
5262 . The Accused denied that he had anything to do with providing Bockarie with the $7000 he used to buy arms and ammunition from ULIMO, asserting that there is no evidence whatsoever ofhis involvement. 11630
5263 . The Accused acknowledged that the NPFL and ULIMO worked together to resolve a dispute regarding governmental posts after the signing ofthe Cotonou Agreement on 25 July 1993. It was eventually agreed that the NPFL would receive the posts of Foreign Affairs and the Ministry ofJustice while ULIMO would get the post ofFinance.11631
5264. The Accused also acknowledged that he himself signed the Akosombo Agreement on 12 September 1994, signed also by Alhaji Kromah for ULIMO. That agreement established the Council of Five, in which one member of the NPFL, ULIMO and AFL were to be appointed while one other member was to be chosen by the Liberian National Conference, and another one to be jointly appointed by the NPFL and ULIMO. The Accused also agreed that ULIMO and the NPFL jointly appointed the Honourable Tamba Tailor as a representative in the Council ofFive. 11 632
5265 . The Accused recalled that Mr George Boley of ECOWAS mediated between the NPFL and ULIMO-K of Alhaji Kromah. He acknowledged that the NPFL and ULIMO-K signed a memorandum of understanding on 30 November 1995 to cease all hostilities. They
11618 See TFI-367, Transcript 1 September 2008, pp. 15013-15019 . 11619 Mohamed Kabbah, Transcript 17 September 2008 , p. 16425. 11630 Charles Ghankay Taylor, Transcript 23 July 2009, pp. 25139-25140. 11631 Charles Ghankay Taylor, Transcript 14 January 2010, pp. 33316-33317.
11632 Charles Ghankay Taylor, Transcript 14 January 2010, pp. 33317-33321.
1797 Case No.: SCSL-03-01-T 18 May 2012 39SQO
then cooperated to ensure free movement of civilians and conunercial activity In their respectr.ve contro11 ed ternton..es.11 633
5266. The Accused denied acting in concert with ULIMO-K in 1996 against Roosevelt Johnson of ULIMO-J. He asserted that it was the Liberian government who arrested Johnson, which included the NPFL, ULIMO-K and ULIMO-J which at that time was headed by Kai Karyee,. Taylor asserted he was not involved in ULIMO's internal fights and stated that it was the govemrnent who temporarily recognized Karyee as the head of ULIMO-J so that his faction could implement the peace plan. I 1634
Defence Witness Charles Ngebeh
5267. Witness Charles Ngebeh testified that before the RUF retreated from Zogoda in 1996, Bockarie established a relationship with ULIMO in Foya, who by then were disarming in 1996, 1997. Bockarie would go with other officers to negotiate for ammunition with the ULIMO commander in Foya. Bockarie and the other officers who would then travel with the ammunition back to Buedu. TIle witness stated that this was in 1996/1997. According to the witness, the ammunition was mainly bartered for "single barrels" and goods, although sometimes it was done with money. The witness went with Bockarie on one occasion to purchase anununition and arms from ULIMO. On that occasion the y went with single barrels to make the exchange for ammunition. Bockarie also had US doll ars with him .11 635
Defence Witness Issa Sesay
5268 . Witness Issa Sesay testified that in late No vember, before signing the peace accord in Abidjan, Sankoh gave Sam Bockarie $USD 7,000 in the presence ofIssa Sesay, Peter Vandi and Lawrence Womandia in Buedu. Sankoh told Bockarie to try very hard to establish a relationship with ULIMO in order to buy ammunition to defend Kailahun.11 636 After Sankoh returned to Abidjan, Bockarie sent him a message that he had met ULIMO members and that "it had gone through". 11 637
11633 Charles Ghankay Taylor, Transcript 14 January 20 IO. pp. 33321-33324.
11634 Charles Ghankay Taylor, Transcript 14 January 2010. pp. 33324-33328; Transcript 17 November 2009 , pp. 31877-31880. 11635 Charles Ngebeh, Transcript 23 March 20 I0, pp. 37848-37852. 11636 Issa Sesay, Transcript 6 July 2010, pp. 43769-43770 , 43774-43 775. 11637 Issa Sesay, Transcript 6 July 20 IO. p. 43796.
1798 Case No.: SCSL-03-0 I-T ~ 18 May 2012 j) 5269. The day Sankoh left for Abidjan, Issa Sesay, Matthew Sesay, Peter Vandi , Lawrence Womandia and Sam Bockarie went back to Giema. Two days later, in late November, Bockarie said he was going to the border, to Foya, to meet with ULIMO. Bockari e then went to Foya with his bodyguards, Matthew Sesay (a.k.a. Kennedy), a Vanguard named Big Daddy and CO Sellay. Bockarie was there for about a week. 11 63S Upon their return they told Issa Sesay that ULIMO thought Bockarie had come to surrender. ULIMO's commander in Foya contacted ULIMO 's headquarters in Voinjama. ULIMO generals, Abu Keita and Sherif, then came to Foya with their bodyguards. The ULIMO commanders sent 20 to 25 ULIMO men to accompany Bockarie and his delegation back to Giema. They said it was for the men to see the RUF-controlled-territory in order to "feel safe with the RUF". Bockarie returned with the delegation to Giema in December. I 1639 Issa Sesay was there during the 5 days the ULIMO members stayed in Giema and were establishing a relationship with the RUF.11 640
5270. Then, 10 late December, the ULIMO members returned to Foya with Bockarie, Matthew Sesay and Bockarie's bod yguards. Bockarie stayed in Foya for 3 days . He then explained to the men that he was interested in buying ammunition and they were willing to sell their ammunition to Bockarie. Abu Keita and Sherif then brought ammunition which was bought by Bockarie. Bockarie returned to Kailahun with ammunition which included 45 RPG rockets, 15 "sardine tins" ofAK rounds and there were "open ones" which were in rice bags, about ten sardine tins ofG3 rounds, and eight to ten sardine tins ofGMG rounds.l'"!
5271. When Keita and Sherif brought the ammunition from Voinjama, the commander on the ground told Mosquito that he too had some ammunition that he would like to sell separately, without the other commanders knowing. Bockarie told the commander to wait and that he would come to buy it later from Koindu. Bockarie then introduced Kennedy to Sherif, Keita, the commander in Foya and all the other men, telling them that if they wanted to sell their consignments they should bring them to Koindu, and if they meet Kennedy there, Kennedy would send a message to him, to Bockarie. l l M 2
11638 Issa Sesay, Transcript 6 July 20 I0, pp. 43779-43781,43786-43787. 11639 Issa Sesay, Transcript 6 July 20 10, pp. 43781-43783, 43787. 11640 Issa Sesay, Transcript 6 July 2010, pp. 43783-43784. 11641 Issa Sesay, Transcript 6 July 2010, pp. 43784-43785, 43787. 11641 Issa Sesay, Transcript 6 July 20 10, pp. 43785-43786.
1799 Case No.: SCSL-03-01 -T d 18 May 2012 5272. Kennedy was then posted by Bockarie to Koindu, as Koindu was close to the border, for Kennedy to be able to receive the men and pay them for the ammunition When the ammunition was stocked and accumulated they would transport it to Buedu. Kennedy was based in Koindu for this purpose from December 1996 until the AFRC overthrow in May 1997."643
5273. Keita, Sherif and others came to Koindu with ammunition in their pick-ups on two to three occasions. Some ULIMO members from Foya Tinkia towards Masabulahun would themselves bring ammunition to Buedu and Bockarie would buy it from them.11644 The ULIMO fighters and their commanders would sell the ammunition to the RUF and get what they requested for it. These transactions were not controlled by Keita or Sherif. Keita and others used to sell their ammunition from the headquarters, and soldiers from lower ranks would sell their own ammunition.I 1645
5274. Because of the frequent attacks by government troops and the Kamaj ors on RUF positions, the money given by Sankoh for materiel was not sufficient. Therefore, these purchases from ULIMO were also financ ed by selling civilians' harvest. I 1646 Bockarie would send Peter Vandi to sell the civilians' products in the trading areas. Peter Vandi would brin g the money to Bockarie, who would then send it to Kennedy in Koindu. Kennedy would purchase ammunition from the Mand ekoma border area. Some mone y would stay with II 64 Bockarie as he would buy materiel from Dawa customs area. ? ULIMO men would also ask for different commodities in exchange for the ammunition, including single barrel guns , generators , tape recorders. There came a time when it became rampant. I 1648
5275. The trade with ULIMO began in late December 1996 and continued until the AFRC coup, and after the AFRC took power and continued up to 1998.11649 Between December 1996 and May 1997 ECOMOG was deployed in Liberia in order to carry out the
11643 Issa Sesay, Transcript 6 July 2010, pp. 43787-43788. 11044 Issa Sesay,Transcript 6 July 20 I0, pp. 43788. 11645 Issa Sesay, Transcript 6 July 2010, pp. 43793-43794. 11 646 Issa Sesay, Transcript 6 July 2010, pp. 43788-437889. The civilians agreed to give their harvest to the RUF in exchange for the RUF defending them, instead of having to become refugees in Liberia. 11647 Issa Sesay, Transcript 6 July 20 10, pp. 43792-43793. 11048 Issa Sesay, Transcript 6 July 20 10, p. 43793-43795. 11 64 ~ Issa Sesay, Transcript 6 July 20 10, p. 43787.
1800 Case No.: SCSL-03 -01-T ~ l8 tvlay 2012 disannament process. I 1650 It was impossible to have contact with Charles Taylor at this time, as ULIMa was controlling the entire Lofa County.llb5 1
Defence Witness Fayia Musa
5276. Witness Fayia Musa testified that when Sankoh was in Abidjan, he started getting support from leaders in Africa. The first came from the Libyan government. Mohammed Talibi, who worked at the Libyan embassy in Ghana, gave Sankoh $USD 500,000 in Abidjan. The money was given in a carton. A letter in the carton stated that this money was meant tor Sankoh to help civilians living in RUF-held-territory and to buy food, medicines and "other important things for your civilians back home". The letter also congratulated Sankoh for allowing the peace negoti ations to get started.11652 Out of the $US D 500,000, Sankoh sent $US D 7,000 to Mosquito to buy arms and ammunition from ULIMa at the border. By then, they had succeeded in breaking "the barri cade" between them and the
ULIMa members at the border in Lofa County.I 1653 The witness thought that the $USD 7,000 was delivered to Bockarie through one of the radio operators, 11 654 then recalled that it was Colonel Jungl e who transferred the $USD 7,000 to Bockarie along with a radio operator who brought Bockarie a satellite phone. I 1655 The inform ation that $US D 7,000 was given to purchase war materiel was conveyed to RUF members by the RUF external delegation in Abidjan, as the delegation was angry that money given for humanitarian purposes had been used either for arms or was expropriated by Sankoh for himself I 1656 They never saw the rest of the money. Sankoh used it and the 10 million CFA francs given to the delegation by Charles Taylor in December 1995 to buy flight tickets, and "squandered" the rest of the money. By July 1996 Sankoh told Musa that he had no money.I 1657
Defence Witness Sam Kolleh
5277. Defence witness Sam Kolleh testitied that at the end of 1996 Mosquito went with Kennedy, Lion and others to Foya in Liberia to get arms but mainly ammunition from
11650 Issa Sesay, Transcript 6 July 2010, p. 43792. 11651 Issa Sesay, Transcri pt 6 July 2010, p. 43795.
11652 Fayia Musa, Transcript 14 April 2010, pp. 390 19-39020 .39022-39023. 11 653 Fayia Musa, Transcript 14 April 2010, pp. 39020 -3902 1. 11654 Fayia Musa, Transcript 14 April 20 10, p. 39023. 11655 Fayia Musa , Transc ript 14 April 2010, pp. 39026- 39027. 11656 Fayia Musa, Transcript 14 April 20 10, pp. 39023-39024. 11657 Fayia Muse, Transc ript 14 April 2010, pp. 39033-39034.
1801 Case No.: SCSL-03-01-T 18 May 20 12 .f) ULIMO. Bockarie told ULIMO, his former enemies, that he did not come to attack but rather to establish relations with them. ULIMO agreed to establish a relationship and then provided the RUF with a sufficient amount of ammunition and a few arms.' 1658 Kolleh was in charge oftransporting the materiel to Sierra Leone.I 1659
5278. On their way by from the mission , Bockarie told the group who went with him to pick up the materiel that it was Sankoh who told him to ask for ULIMO's assistance since he had a dream to connect with ULIMO. Bockarie himself was fearful of going to ULIMO since they were former enemies. 11660 Kolleh did not know how Sankoh knew that it was 1 safe for Bockarie to approach ULIMO. 1661
5279. From this operation they brought "plenty" ofammunition in sardine pans, boxes and rice bags. Bockarie purchased the anununition with US dollars taken in ambushes, some diamonds, gold watches and clothing, and a single barrel shotgun. Mr Kolleh did not see the transfer ofmoney. 11662
5280. After this occasion, some ULIMO fighters brought ammunition individually to Mosquito, saying that they were not part of the arrangement between Bockarie and their commanders. 11663
Prosecution Exhibit P-425
5281. The Prosecution cites Prosecution Exhibit P-425, a report made by the United Nations Secretary General to the Security Council about the situation in Liberia, dated 18 December 1995. According to this report, the NPFL headed by Taylor and ULIMO-K headed by Alhaji Kromah signed a Memorandum of Understanding to end all hostilities which resulted in opening the roads to Lofa County through Bong County. It further states
11658 Sam Kolleh, Transcript 1 November 20 10. pp. 48409-48410.
11659 Sam Kolleh, Transcript 1 November 2010, pp. 48411-4841 3.48427. Kolleh gathered over 100 people, both civilians and armed men. to transport the materiel overnight from Nyandehun in Liberia to Sierra Leone. 11660 Sam Kolleh, Transcript I November 20 I0, pp. 48410-48412. 11661 Sam Kolleh, Transcript 4 November 20 I0, p. 48762. 11662 Sam Kolleh, Transcript I November 2010, pp. 48423, 48425-48427.
11663 Sam Kolleh, Transcript 1 November 2010, pp. 48424-48425.
1802 Case No.: SCSL-03-01-T 18 May2012 that the factions have increased delivery of humanitarian assistance to the newly accessible
areas. I 1664
Prosecution Exhibit P-6ll
5282. Prosecution Exhibit P-6ll, "Interview of Sam Koroma, November 18 2003", is Sam Kolleh's interview with the Prosecution in 2003.11 665 The interview includes a statement by Kolleh that after the retreat from Zogoda in 1996, Bockarie went to Foya to establish relations with ULIMO_K. 11 666
Defence Exhibit 0-009
5283. Defence Exhibit 0-009 is a salute report from Sam Bockarie to "the Leader of the Revolution", i.e. Foday Sankoh, authored on 26 September 1999. In his report, Bockarie writes that after Sankoh left for Abidjan in 1996 he, Bockarie, had made contacts with ULIMO upon Sankoh's instructions. Bockarie stated that he was first arrested by ULIMO but then convinced them to release him and was able to establish a relationship with them . He had used the $USD 7,000 Sankoh had given him to purchase "vitally needed materials that gave us the stance to fight and challenge the SLPP government until they were ousted by the AFRC coup. The efforts of the civilians most [sic] be highlighted as they provided
Agricultural Produce which I traded for materials during the same period". I 1667
Defence Exhibit 0-015
5284. Defence Exhibit 0-015 is a letter from Foday Sankoh to Mohamed Talibi, Libyan Arab People's Jamahiriya, Accra, Ghana, dated 26 June 1996. Sankoh thanks Talibi for $USD 500,000 given to him to purchase materiel to pursue "the military mission" , but asks for an additional $USD 1,500,000 as requested by his "business partners". 11668
1h 11664 Exhibit P-425, " I4 Progress Report of the Secretary General on UNOMIL, 18 December 1995, S/l995/l042, paras 6-7. 11665 The witness identified himself at the time as "Sam Kororna" . See Sam Kolleh, Transcript 4 November 20 10, pp.48701-48706. 11666 Exhibit P-6II, "Interview of Sam Koroma, November 18 200r, pp. 95-99.
11667 Exhibit D-009. "RUF Defence Headquarters. Salute report to the Leader of the Revolution. RUF/SL, from Major General Sam Bockarie", p. I. ERN 9658. 11668 Exhibit D-015, RUF - Follow up request from Foday Sankoh, Leader, RUF/SL to Brother Mohamed Talibi, Libyan Arab People's Jamahiriya, Accra, Ghana. 26 June 1996.
1803 Case No.: SCSL-03-0 1-T / [8 May 20 12 Defence Exhibit D_08411669
5285. Defence Exhibit D-084 is a Salute Report from Issa Sesay to Foday Sankoh, dated 27 September 1999. In his report, Sesay states that after Sankoh left for Abidjan to sign the peace accord, Bockarie (a.k.a. Mosquito) was able to establish relations with ULIMO. With the $USD 7,000 Sankoh had given them they purchased materials from ULIMO which helped them resist enemy advances in the Kailahun District. 11670
Defence Exhibit D-385
5286. The Prosecution cites Defence Exhibit 0-385. This Exhibit is an ECOWAS journal which documents agreements, decisions and resolutions made in relation to the Liberian crisis under the auspices of ECOW AS. It includes the Cotonou Agreement between the Interim Government of National Unity, the NPFL and ULIMO,1I671 the Akosombo Agreement between the AFL, NPFL and ULIMO ,11 672 and the ECOMOG field commander's report on the attack of "government forces", NPFL and ULIMO fighters, on the premises ofGeneral Johnson in 1996.11 673
Defence Exhibit 0-470
5287. Defence Exhibit 0-470 is a photograph of Sam Bockarie and other men. Sam Kolleh testified that he took this picture in December 1996 at Dawa crossing after the night operation in which they brought materiel from ULIMO.11 674 Kolleh recognized in the picture Sam Bockarie,11 675 Simeon who was a medic, Haji and Devuyama who were bodyguards, and Stewart who was an officer. 11 676
Deliberations
11669 Authenticity Assessment ofSpecific Documents; Credibility Assessment , Issa Sesay, paras. 359-372. 11670 Exhibit D-084. RUE Sierra Leone, Defence Headquarters, Salute Report, from Brigadier Issa H. Sesay Battlefield Commander RUF/SL to the Leader of the Revolution, dated 27 September 1999. p. 00007757. 11671 Exhibit D-385 , "ECOWAS Official Journal , Vol. 22 (Special Edition)", pp. 27-34. 11672 Exhibit D-385 . "ECOWAS Official Journal, Vol. 22 (Special Edition)", pp. 58-64. 11673 Exhibit D-385 ,"ECOWAS Official Journal , Vol. 22 (Special Edition)", pp. 88-89, paras 40-43. The fighting resulted in severe and widespread devastation and looting in Monrovia. 11674 Exhibit D-470 ; Sam Kolleh, Transcript I November 20 lO, pp. 48413-48415, 48423-48424. The picture includes some bodyguards and some ofticers. These men are only part ofthe group who went to collect materiel. 11675 Sam Kolleh, Transcript I November20lO, pp. 48418-48420.
11676 Sam Kolleh, Transcript 1 November 2010, pp. 48421-48423.
1&04 / Case No.: SCSL-03-01-T 18 May 2012 I~ 39897
5288. Evidence not contested by the parties shows that Sankoh either gave or sent Bockarie $USD 7,000 to purchase materiel from ULIMO, and that this money was used to purchase ammunition and arms from ULIMO members from around November 1996 until the AFRC coup in May 1997.
5289. The Prosecution contends that "it is no coincidence" that Sankoh 's instructions to Bockarie to purchase materiel from ULIMO and the $USD 7,000 given to Bockarie came after the Accused met the RUF external delegation in Abidjan in about December 1995, at which time Taylor gave them 10 million CFA francs.
5290. However, the only Prosecution witness who testified about the origin of this money, TFl-168, testified that it came from $USD 500,000 given to Sankoh in Abidjan by the Libyan Ambassador to Ghana, Mr Mohammed Talibi . Similarly, Defence witness Fayia Musa testified that Mohammed Talibi, an employee at the Libyan Embassy in Ghana, gave $USD 500,000 to Sankoh in Abidjan, and that out of that sum Sankoh sent Bockarie $USD 7,000 to purchase military materiel from ULIMO. Exhibit D-015, written by Sankoh, corroborates that he received $USD 500,000 from Mohammed Talibi for materiel purchases. No evidence was introduced to establish that the $USD 7,000 came from Taylor or that it was Taylor who told Sankoh or Bockarie to purchase materiel from ULIMO . TIle Trial Chamber recalls that it had no general reservations regarding the credibility of either TF 1 168 or Fayia Musa.1 1677
5291. Prosecution witnesses TFl-338 and TFl-367 and Defence witness Issa Sesay testified that Sankoh gave Bockarie the US dollars in Sierra Leone, before returning to Abidjan for the peace negotiations. However, Prosecution witness TFl-168 and Defence witness Fayia Musa testified that Sankoh sent the $USD 7,000 to Bockarie through Daniel Tamba (a.k.a. Jungle) . TFl-371 testified that Sankoh sent the money to Bockarie, but he did not name Tamba as the one who transferred it. Even if Tamba was involved in the transaction, as stated by some witnesses, the Trial Chamber notes that it was in the role of a courier to transfer the money from Sankoh to Bockarie.
5292. TIle Prosecution submits that the Accused had good relations with Alhaji Kromah of ULIMO-K. However, no evidence was introduced to suggest that the Accused was involved
11677 Credibility Assessment, TFI -168, Pre-Indictment period (I 988-1996), para. 2328; Credibility Assessment, Fayia Musa, Pre-Indictment period (1988-1996), para. 2557.
]80 5 Case No.: SCSL-03-0] -T 18 May 20]2 in facilitating the relationship between the RUF and ULIMO prior to his inauguration, or that it was the Accused who facilitated a relationship between Sankoh or Bockarie and Kromah. The evidence rather shows that it was Bockarie who facilitated the relationship between the RUF and ULIMO." 678
Findings
5293. The Trial Chamber finds that Sankoh gave Bockarie $USD 7,000 which was used to purchase arms and ammunition from ULIMO from around late 1996. The Prosecution failed to prove beyond reasonable doubt that the Accused was involved in the arms and ammunition transactions between the RUF and ULIMO between November 1996 and May 1997.
(ii) Alleged Facilitation through Varmuyan Sherif
Submissions ofthe Parties
5294. The Prosecution submits that after he became President, the Accused tasked Varmuyan Sherif at the end of 1997/early 1998 with encouraging former ULIMO fighters to sell weapons directly to the RUF and with opening "a corridor" between Lofa County and RUF held territories in Sierra Leone so that the RUF could purchase arms and ammunition from former ULIMO fighters. According to the Prosecution, the Accused devised this plan in order to provide materiel for the RUF and in order to diminish the possibility that such materiel would be used by potential Liberian dissidents against Taylor's rule. The Prosecution contends that to further advance his plan, the Accused provided Sam Bockarie with money to purchase materiel from former ULIMO members, and made his subordinate 1 commanders available to assist the AFRC/RUF to obtain the materiel from Lofa County. 1679
11678 TFI-168, Transcript 22 January 2009, pp. 23283-23285 (CS); Transcript 26 January 2009, pp. 23537 23540: Bockarie told Sankoh that he could get ammunition from ULIMa fighters along the Sierra Leone Liberian border; DCT-14 6, Transcript 23 March 2010, pp. 37848-3 7853: before the RUF retreated from Zogoda in 1996, Bockarie established a relationship with ULIMa in Foya; Issa Sesay, Transcript 6 July 20 I0, pp. 43769 43770, 43774-43775: Bockarie went to Foya to facilitate a relationship with ULIMa and was almost arrested; Sam Kolleh, Transcript I November 20 I0, pp. 48412-48413; Bockarie went to Foya to establish a relationship with ULIMa; Exhibit 0-009, "RUF Defence Headquarters, Salute report to the Leader of the Revolution from Major General Sam Bockarie", p.l : Bockarie wrote to Sankoh that after Sankoh left for Abidjan in 1996 he, Bockarie, had made contact s with ULIMa upon Sankoh's instructions. 11679 Prosecution Final Trial Brief, paras 7, 236-237.
1806 Case No.: SCSL-03-01-T 18 May 2012 5295. The Defence does not dispute that the RUF continued transacting with ULIMa during the Junta period and after the Intervention. However, the Defence submits that the only witness to implicate the Accused in these transactions is Varmuyan Sherif. Moreover, the Defence argues that since there is evidence that the transactions between the RUF and ULIMa had been going on for years prior to the Accused's alleged instruction to Varmuyan Sherif, it is unclear why the Accused would need to "kick-start" an already established relationship. The Defence submits that Sherif himself had been a part of the trade between the RUF and ULIMO , doing so independently of the Accused, and it is therefore unlikely that the Accused sent him to engage in a trade which he had been doing independently.11680
Evidence
Prosecution Witness Varmuyan Sherif
5296. Witness Varmuyan Sherif testified that after the Intervention, I 1681 Taylor instructed him to open a corridor between Lofa County and RUF held territories, so that former ULIMO fighters would feel free to provide arms and ammunition to the RUF. Sherif then went to Lofa County, to Voinjama, Kolahun and Foya districts, and met with the former fighters there. Sherif let them understand that they were free to sell arms and ammunition to the RUF if they wanted to, and that the RUF should have free access to Foya, Kolahun and Voinjama.11682
5297. Sherif stated that he was then tasked with ensuring that RUF members were moving freely and that former ULIMO-K fighters who wanted to go to Sierra Leone felt free to do so. He therefore went on a monitoring mission to Foya.11 683 Sherif observed that former ULIMa fighters were taking hidden anns to Sam Bockarie in RUF held territories, and that Bockarie sent Superman, one of his senior commanders at the time, to travel to Voinjama and the surrounding area to buy arms and ammunition and bring them to Sierra Leone.I 1684 Sherif stated that after he fulfilled the mission he received from the Accused , former combatants were selling their arms and ammunition individually. At first, after the
11680 Defence Final Trial Brief, paras 1056, 1089.
11 681 Varmuyan Sherif, Transcript 9 January 2008, pp. 825-826. Sherif describes a helicopter incident following the Intervention, after which he escorted Bockarie on a trip to Monrovia. After his trip with bockarie, Sherif was tasked with opening a corridor. 11682 Varmuyan Sherif, Transcript 9 January 2008, pp. 852-853. 11683 Varmuyan Sherif, Transcript 9 January 2008, p. 864.
1807 Case No.: SCSL-03-01-T 18May2012 ECOMOG Intervention in 1998, weapons were being taken to Sierra Leone on a weekly basis, but afterward s Bockarie "took control" over the entire Lofa area. The fighters canied weapons in bags or in any way they could. Sherif was told that fighters were being paid $USD 200-300 per weapon. Some weapons were exchanged for looted goods. 11685
5298. Sherif further testified that Taylor told him that he gave "some money" to Sam Bockarie and that Bockarie would obtain arms and ammunition from Lofa Count y through his commanders or by himself11686
Prosecution Witness Dauda Arona Fornie
5299. Witness Dauda Arona Fornie testified that in mid-1998 he travelled to Voinjama to collect ammunition from Liberian ex-fighters who had buried their arms in the ground. After the commander responsible for that area assembled the ammunition, he would contact Mosquito. Mosquito would then send people to go and collect it. Such transactions started in early 1998 and occurred in Voinjama, Vahun and Foya, along the border area. Bockarie would send people, such as Kennedy and Sellay to make the transactions.11687 Mosquito would mainly send Sellay for these transactions.I 1688 Bockarie would give them "money like US dollars", which he obtained from Taylor during his trips to Monrovia. Mosquito told the witness that Taylor would give Mosquito $USD 10,000-20,000. Bockarie would say that "the Pa" had given him "something here", and would sometimes give the witness $USD 50 or $USD 100 out of what Taylor had given him.11689 The money for the purchases was not given directly to Fornie. Mosquito would give the money to the person who went to make the purchase. Fornie was on the ground at one point when Mosquito gave Sellay up to $USD 8,000 and told him to "go and hustle" for ammunition. 11 690The witness then said that he saw Mosquito giving Kennedy money to go and meet Sellay. Sellay was a Liberian who was
11684 Vannuyan Sherif, Transcript 10 January 2008, pp. 89 1-892.
11685 Varmuyan Sherif, Transcript 14 January 2008, pp. 1136-1137.
11686 Varmuyan Sherif, Transcript 10 January 2008, pp. 1016-101 7; Transcript 14 January 2008, p. 1137. Sherif stated that no money was given to him by Taylor to make the purchases from ULIMO for Taylor.
11687 Dauda Aruna Fornie , Transcript 2 December 2008, pp. 2 1524-2 1526, 2 1529; Tran script 3 December 2008, pp. 21538-21539.
11688 Dauda Aruna Fom ie, Transcript 2 December 2008, p. 21529; Transcript 3 December 2008, pp. 21539 21540 .
11689 Dauda Aruna Fornie, Transcript 2 December 2008, pp. 21526-2 1527.
11690 Dauda Aruna Fom ie, Transcript 2 December 2008, pp. 21527-2 1528.
1808 Case No.: SCSL-03-0 I-T 18 May 2012 3990/ from the Voinjama area and used to be an NPFL commander. That is why Mosquito made
Sellay "the leader" I 1691 or "the foreman" .I 1692
5300. On cross-examination the witness explained that he only went to collect materials from Sellay, that he was not engaged in making the transaction, and that Sellay was the one who bought the materiel from the ex-combatants. Fomie stated that he never knew the people with whom the transactions were being made as he was not the one who made the transactions.I 1693 The witness further stated on cross-examination that he was present when Bockarie gave money to the group who went to go and buy materiel, that he did not receive the money himself and that he did not make the purchase himself, as he collected the materiel from Sel1ay and not from the ex-combatants. 11694
Prosecution Witness TFI-371
5301. Witness TF1-371 testified that around 1997 the RUF purchased arms and ammunition from ULIMa. Initially the money came from Foday Sankoh. Bockarie also received 40,000 Liberian dollars but the witness did not know from where. Sam Bockarie told the witness that he transacted directly with Varmuyan Sherif. The witness himself was involved in two such purchases; one in 1997 and another one in 1998. The witness explained that the transactions with ULIMa were a "minor enterprise". 11 695
Prosecution Witness TFI-367
5302. Witness TF1-367 testified that upon Bockarie's orders, he received from Superman
56 million Leones which was stolen from a bank in Koidu Town. 11 696 The witness then went to Buedu and handed the money over to Bockarie. He also gave Bockarie another 200
11 691 Dauda Arona Fomie, Transcript 2 December 2008, p. 2 1446; Transcript 3 December 2008, pp. 21539 21541 . The witness was asked whether he had seen the cash transaction during the one trip he attended and answered that he had not. He only had cash for his lunch meal. 11692 Dauda Arona Fornie , Transcript 2 December 2008 , pp. 21539 11 693 Dauda Arona Fomie, Transcript 4 December 2008, pp. 21771- 21772 ; Transcript 5 December 2008, pp. 21776-21777. The witness insisted that he did not know from whom the weapons were bought, although in a prior statement it is recorded that he named "former NPFL and ULIMO-K fighters" as the ones from who they were buying ammunition from. See Dauda Arona Fomie, Transcript 5 December 2008, pp. 21780-2178 I. 11 694 Dauda Arona Fornie, Transcript 5 December 2008, pp. 21776-21777, 21783-21784. 11695 TFI-371, Transcript 31 January 2008, pp. 2696-2700. 11690TFI_367, Transcript 20 August 2008, pp. 14141-14145,14151.
Case No.: SCSL-03-01-T 18 May 2012 37962 million Leones, which was given to him by the AFRC prior to the retreat from Freetown to give to the RUF in 1997, and a 12 carat diamond. I 1697
5303. Approximately two months after the bank: robbery, and after the RUF retreated from Freetown, Bockarie took 25 million Leones out ofthat money and travelled with the witness and his bodyguards to Foya in Liberia. There they met an NPFL police officer called Ma Mary who took them to the Guinean border to exchange the currency into Guinean francs. From there the witness, Bockarie and Bockarie's bodyguards travelled to Voinjama. From there, Bockarie and his bodyguards proceeded to Monrovia, while the witness stayed in Voinjama to purchase ammunition from former ULIMa soldiers, upon Bockarie's orders. Although ULIMa was supposed to be disarmed, some ULIMa soldiers did not hand over their materiel and hid it in the bush. I 1698
5304. In Voinjama, the witness was assisted by Colonel Kundi and an NPFL police commander to track former ULIMa fighters. When the witness would get a sufficient amount ofmateriel, he would contact the headquarters in Buedu with radio equipment which the NPFL police officer gave him. He would then inform the commanders in Buedu, usually Bockarie but Issa Sesay or Kallon in Bockarie's absence, and they would send a vehicle to pick him up from the border. The witness and the police commander's bodyguard, Captain Junior, would then go to load the police officer's car, a police jeep, with materiel the witness had purchased and assembled in one place. The two would then go back to Voinjama. They would then load the materiel onto the vehicle which was sent from Buedu and go back to
Sierra Leone. I 1699
5305. The witness took these trips after they retreated from Freetown and before Sam Bockarie had travelled to Monrovia to meet Charles Taylor. All in all, the witness attended two to four trips to Lofa County to purchase ammunition. Bockarie escorted the witness during his first trip to meet Ma Mary, and for the other trips the witness went on his own.
11697 TFl-367, Transcript 20 August 2008, pp. 14145-14147.
11698 TFl-367, Transcript 20 August 2008, pp. 14148-14151; Transcript 29 August 2008, pp. 14965-14966, 14968-14969. The witness distinguishes between his trips to Voinjama to purchase materials, which occurred after they retreated from Freetown, from his purchases from ULIMO before the AFRC called the RUF to join them in Freetown which he made from Foya at the border. The witness stated that the first group he met was "Kundi at the border line in Foya". 11699 TFl-367, Transcript 20 August 2008, pp. 14152-14156.
1810 Case No.: SCSL-03-01-T ..«" 18 May 2012 39C/o3
The witness would usually stay there for about two weeks, locating the hidden materiel and cajo. l' mg t h e ex- fighI ters m. or d er to convince .t h em to se11 th err .matene . 1.11700
5306. Other than funding the purchases from ULIMO with the stolen money from Koidu Town and the money given to the witness in Freetown, the RUF also used money they received from selling goods and agricultural products to the Guineans at the border. 11701
Prosecution Witness Jabaty Jaward
5307. Witness Jabaty Jaward was confronted on cross-examination with a prior statement in which it is recorded that he had told his investigators that he knew Varmuyan Sherif in 1996 "when he was fighting for the ULIMO-K". Jaward explained that he knew about Varmuyan Sherif in 1996, during the time the RUF was making contacts for arms and ammunition with ULIMO-K fighters along the Liberian border. This was during the disarmament process in Liberia. The witness stated that he never knew of Sherif making a direct transaction at the time nor saw Sherif with weapons to sell, but his name was mentioned among the various commanders within ULIMO at that time along the border. 11702
The Accused
5308. The Accused denied that he ordered, "in effect", a free zone in Lofa in order enable trade of arms and ammunition at the border. He denied knowing that such a trade occurred, calling the ULIMO men "crooked". The Accused questioned why he would tell ULIMO to sell their weapons when his own security and police forces had no arms at the time. He stated that when he found out after he was elected that ULIMO had hidden arms, in August 1997, he called Sherif who was "more senior there". Taylor then asked Sherif what he can do about it, and Sherif answered that to prove his loyalty to Taylor's government he will go to Lofa and bring "whatever" he could find. 11703
11700 TFl-367, Transcript 20 August 2008, pp. 14155-14156. 11701 TFl-367, Transcript 29 August 2008, pp. 14961-14964.
11702 Jabaty Jaward, Transcript 15 July 2008. pp. 13762-13765.
11703 Charles Ghankay Taylor, Transcript 29 October 2009, pp. 30754-30758,30760-30761.
1811 Case No.: SCSL-03-01-T .: 18 May 2012 5309. The Accused also stated that in late 1998, although he was the President of Liberia, people like Sherif, a former general of ULIMO-K, had "real control" and influence over former ULIMO-K members in Lofa.11 704
Defence Witness Issa Sesay
5310. Witness Issa Sesay testified that after the RUF retreated from Freetown, in February 1998 and until the Freetown invasion in January 1999, Bockarie sent an RUF member to Kolahun to buy buried ammunition from ULIMO .11 705 Sesay also testified that he first met Sherifaround April 1997, when Sherif sold ammunition to Bockarie. At that time Sherifwas acting as a ULIMO general. He was not working for the Liberian govemment, as this was before the Liberian electi ons.11706 After those two times, Sesay saw Sherif in 2000 going to Monrovia. Sesay heard in 1998 that Sherifwas working with Taylor' s govemment.11 70 7
Defence Exhibit D-009
5311. Defence Exhibit D-009 is a salute report from Sam Bockarie to "the Leader of the Revolution", i.e. Foday Sankoh, authored on 26 September 1999. In his report, Bockarie writes that he established a "Defence Headquarters" in Kailahun immediately after Freetown fell. Bockarie then writes that "back at the headquarters I renewed my contact with ULIMO and tried to secure materials from them. It was out ofthese materials that 1gave Superman a good quantity to attack and capture Kono".11 708
Deliberations
5312. The Prosecution contends that the Accused instructed Vannuyan Sherif to encourage ULIMO fighters along the Sierra Leone-Liberian border to sell arms and ammunition to the RUF, that Sherif fulfilled his assignment, and that as result of that a large number of former ULIMO fighters sold their arms and ammunition to the RUF.11 709 Furthermore, the
11704 Charles Ghankay Taylor, Transcri pt 29 October 2009, pp. 30758-30760 .
11705 Issa Sesay, Transcript 20 July 20 10, pp. 44626-44627.
11706 Issa Sesay, Transcript 6 Jul y 20 10, pp. 43790-43791.
11707 Issa Sesay, Transcript 6 Jul y 20 I0, pp. 43791-43792 .
11708 Exhibit D-009, "RUF Defence Headquarters, Salute report to the Leader of the Revoluti on, RUF/SL, from Major General Sam Bockarie ", pp. 4-5, ERN 9661-9662. 11709 Prosecution Final Tri al Brief, para. 236 .
1812 Case No.: SCSL-03-0 I-T .e: 18May 201 2 Prosecution submits that the Accused provided money to the RUF in order to purchase the arms and ammunition from ULIMO. ll7 lO
5313. The Prosecution relies on the testimony of Varmuyan Sherifthat after the ECOMOG Intervention the Accused instructed him to "open a corridor" between ex-ULIMO fighters in Lofa County and RUF-held-territories. 1l711 After he fulfilled his mission, Sherif observed that ex-ULIMO fighters were selling their arms and ammunition individually.11712
5314. The Trial Chamber finds that the Defence's characterization of Sherif's actions is inaccurate. The Defence argues that it is unclear why the Accused would send Sherif to "kick-start" an already established relationship, as the RUF was already making purchases from ULIMO prior to Sherif's alleged assignment. ll713 The Trial Chamber agrees, as it has found,11714 that the RUF was trading with ULIMO from around November 1996 and until May 1997, when the AFRC took power over Sierra Leone.
5315. However, the extent of the trade between the RUF and ULIMO before the Junta period was minor, compared to the trade which occurred after the fall of the Junta in February 1998. Prosecution witness TFI-367, who was involved in the transactions with ULIMO stated that the trade before "Johnny Paul called" the RUF, meaning before the Junta period, was at the border from Foya. The witness distinguished the trading with ULIMO after the fall of the Junta, which occurred in February 1998, stating that during that period the RUF/AFRC would go into Liberia, to Voinjama. TFI-367 described how he would stay for about two weeks in Voinjama making these purchases, as he had to "cajole" the ex ULIMO fighters. 1l715 The Trial Chamber notes that TFI-367 was confused in regards to dates, as he, for example, placed the retreat from Freetown in 1997,11716 instead of 1998.
5316. Moreover, the evidence shows that during the Junta period, between May 1997 and February 1998, there was almost no trade between the Junta and ULIMO, and that the trade was renewed after the ECOMOG Intervention. Prosecution witness Dauda Aruna Fornie
11710 Prosecution Final Trial Brief, para. 237.
11711 Varrnuyan Sherif, Transcript 9 January 2008, pp. 852-853.
11712 Varrnuyan Sherif, Transcript 14 January 2008, pp. 1136-1137.
11713 Defence Final Trial Brief, paras 1056, 1089.
11714 Arms and Ammunition: Allegations that the Accused Facilitated Supplies, Supplies from ULIMO.
11715 TFI-367, Transcript 20 August 2008, pp. 14148-14151; TFI-367, Transcript 29 August 2008, pp. 14965 14966,14968-14969.
11716 TFI-367, Transcript 20 August 2008, pp. 14145-14147.
Case No.: SCSL-03-0 I-T 18 May 2012 testified that the transactions with the ex-Liberian fighters in areas in Lofa County in Liberia started in early 1998. 11717 Prosecution witness TFI-367 described two time periods for the transactions with ULIMO; the first being before the Junta period and the second after the RUF retreated from Freetown. lI7l g In Exhibit 0-009, Bockarie describes how he renewed his
contacts with ULIMO after Freetown fell. I 1719 Defence witness Issa Sesay testified that after the RUF retreated from Freetown, in February 1998 and until the Freetown invasion in January 1999, Bockarie sent an RUF member to Kolahun to buy buried ammunition from ULIMO. 1I720
5317. The break in the trade between the RUF and ULIMO, and the reason for the Accused to send Sherif in order to renew the trade, can be explained by the two major political events which transpired during these time periods; the Junta coup which brought the relocation of the RUF headquarters from Kailahun District to Kenema District and Freetown, and the re establishment of the headquarters in Kailahun District close to the border after the ECOMOG Intervention; and the inauguration of the Accused as the president of Liberia in August 1997.
5318. The Accused denied that he ordered Sherif to facilitate a free-zone in Lofa County in order to enable the trade of arms and ammunition at the border. The Accused asserted instead that his own police and security forces had no arms of their own, and that he would have requested the arms for his own forces. 1I721 However, the Trial Chamber has found that the Accused ordered Sherif to bring arms and ammunition from ex-ULIMO fighters to Monrovia, that the first three shipments were brought to Monrovia, but that the Accused told Sherif to give the fourth shipment ofmateriel from ULIMO to Bockarie, and that Sherif did
SO.II722 The Accused then ordered Sherif to open the "corridor" to make sure that a trade between the RUF/AFRC and ULIMO takes place without the need of the Accused interfering as an intermediary.
11717 Dauda Arona Fornie, Transcript 2 December 2008, pp. 21524-21526, 21529; Dauda Arona Fornie, Transcript 3 December 2008, pp. 21538-21539. 11718 TFl-367, Transcript 29 August 2008, pp. 14965-14966, 14968-14969.
11719 Exhibit D-009, "RUF Defence Headquarters, Salute report to the Leader of the Revolution, RUF/SL, from Major General Sam Bockarie", pp. 4-5, ERN 9661-9662.. 11720 Issa Sesay, Transcript 20 July 2010, pp. 44626-44627.
11721 Charles Ghankay Taylor, Transcript 29 October 2009, pp. 30754-30758, 30760-30761. 11722 Arms and Ammunition: Allegations of Direct Supply by the Accused, During Sam Bockarie's Leadership (February 1998-December 1999).
1814 Case No.: SCSL-03-0 1-T / 18 May 2012 zqqDt
5319. The Accused also stated that in late 1998 Sherif, a former general of UUMO-K, had "real control" and influence over former UUMO-K members in Lofa, as opposed to the Accused who was in charge of Lofa County only as the Liberian president. 11723 Indeed, Sherif himself agreed that after his election the Accused had "very little influence" in the Lofa County area until towards the end of 1998, when he began to deploy armed forces there, 11724 and that in 1998 former combatants were selling arms and ammunition to the RUF because they had no other form of income. 11725 The Trial Chamber therefore finds that the Accused did not have influence over former UUMO combatants in Lofa County. In the Trial Chamber's opinion, that is the reason the Accused sent Vannuyan Sherif to Lofa County, as Sherifdid have influence over the ex-UUMO combatants, and was therefore in a position to ensure that the trade between the RUF and UUMO continued freely.
5320. The Defence submits that Sherif himself had been a part of the trade between the RUF and UUMO, doing so independently of the Accused, and that it is therefore unlikely that the Accused sent Sherif to engage in a trade which he had been doing independently.v'J'" Moreover, the Defence submits that Vannuyan Sherif is an accomplice witness who sought to mask his longstanding involvement in selling arms and ammunition to the RUF as a member of UUMO by attributing his activities to the Accused, 11727 that he tailored his evidence to support the Prosecution's case, and that his testimony should be treated with caution. I 1728
5321. Indeed, Prosecution witness TFI-371 testified that Bockarie told him that he transacted directly with Vannuyan Sherif, and that the trade with UUMO took place in 1997.11729 This evidence is supported by the testimony of Defence witness Issa Sesay who testified that the RUF was transacting with Vannuyan Sherif and Abu Keita as part of the trade with UUMO before the Junta period.1173o Prosecution witness Jabaty Jaward testified on cross-examination that he heard Sherif's name in connection with these transactions, as a UUMO commander during that time, although he said he did not know of direct
11723 Charles Ghankay Taylor, Transcript 29 October 2009, pp. 30758-30760. 11724 Vannuyan Sherif, Transcript 14 January 2008, pp. 1138-1139. 11725 Vannuyan Sherif, Transcript II January 2008, p. 1083.
11726 Defence Final Trial Brief, paras 1056, 1089. 11727 Defence Final Trial Brief, paras 1089, 1137, 1383-1384. 11728 Defence Final Trial Brief, paras 1089-1090. 11729 TFI-371, Transcript 31 January 2008, pp. 2696-2700.
11730 Issa Sesay, Transcript 6 July 2010, pp. 43784-43787.
Case No.: SCSL-03-01-T 181/ 18 May 2012 transactions made by Sherif 11731 Sherif himself stated that the trade between the RUF and ULIMO began in 1997, \1732 but did not say that, and was not asked whether, he himself was involved in the trade.
5322. The Trial Chamber accepts that Sherif himself was involved in the transactions between the RUF and ULIMO before the Accused ordered him to "open a corridor" between Lofa County and RUF-held-territories. However, the Trial Chamber does not find this inconsistent with the premise that after he was elected as president, the Accused wanted to ensure the continuing existence of a trade between the RUFfAFRC and ex-ULIMO fighters, and therefore tasked Sherifwith ensuring it on the Accused's behalf.
5323. The Defence argues that it is only Sherif who implicates the Accused in the transactions between the RUFfAFRC and ULIMO, but the Trial Chamber considers that as the order was given from the Accused to Sherif, this is not surprising and does not undermine his credibility.
5324. With regard to other matters relating to the credibility of Sherif, the Trial Chamber notes that Sherif acknowledged that he and his family disliked the Accused due to the deaths of his family members, but accepts his explanation that he told his family that he was working for the Accused out of respect for the electoral wishes of the Liberian people. II73 3 Moreover, while Sherif testified that he was imprisoned for six months by the Accused, he also testified that the Accused was the one who released him from prison, apologized to him and promoted him to Deputy Chief of Staff of the Army Division. I1734 Sherif was surprised when he was told on cross-examination that payments he received from the Prosecution totalled $USD 2,575,11735 and stated that he did not need financial support since the Accused had given him $USD 10,000.11736 The Trial Chamber does not find the amount given to Sherif by the Prosecution to be excessive, in particular given that he did not need financial support. The Trial Chamber notes that the Defence led evidence suggesting that Sherif had developed a mental illness in late 1998fearly 1999, but the two witnesses who testified to
11731 Jabaty Jaward, Transcript 15 July 2008, pp. 13762-13765.
11732 Vannuyan Sherif, Transcript 10 January 2008, p. 1018. 11733 Vannuyan Sherif. Transcript 10 January 2008, p. 956; Transcript 11 January 2008, pp. 1047-1049. 11734 Vannuyan Sherif, Transcript 10 January 2008, pp. 895-896. 11735 Vannuyan Sherif, Transcript 14 January 2008, pp. 1121-1126, 1146-1147. 11736 Vannuyan Sherif, Transcript 11 January 2008, p. 1068.
Case No.: SCSL-03-01-T 18 May 2012 this had heard it from others and did not provide details.1173 7 Sherif himself admitted that he "acted crazy" in order to avoid being involved in attacks in Sierra Leone and Guinea, where
his ancestors had come from. I 1738The Trial Chamber therefore does not find this suggestion to be substantiated. In light of these considerations, the Trial Chamber finds Sherif to be generally credible.
5325. With regard to the source of funding for these transactions, Prosecution Witness Dauda Aruna Fomie testified that starting in early 1998, Bockarie would give US dollars to the persons he sent to make the transactions at "the border". He also testified that Bockarie would bring $USD 10,000 to $USD 20,000 from the Accused, following his trips to Monrovia. Fomie testified that he only went on one of these trips, and when asked repeatedly who the materiel was purchased from, he was unable to say, mentioning only Liberian ex-fighters without reference to ULIMO. He explained that he was not the one making the transactions and was therefore not able to say with whom they were made. I 1739 When asked whether he had seen the money for these purchases, Fomie stated that he once saw Bockarie hand $USD 8,000 to Sellay telling him to buy ammunition. I 1740 Subsequently Fomie said that what he saw was Bockarie giving money to Mathew Sesay (a.k.a. Kennedy) for him to take to Sellay.11 741 On cross-examination he stated that he was present when
Bockarie gave money to the group who went to go and buy materiel. I 1742 Varmuyan Sherif also testified that the Accused told him that he gave money to Bockarie in order to purchase arms and ammunition from ULIMO. 1l743
5326. Prosecution witness TFl-367 testified that the RUF used money stolen from a bank in Koidu Town and money given to the witness from the AFRC to help the RUF make the purchases from ULIMO after the Intervention, as well as money they got from selling goods and agricultural products at the Guinean border.11 744
11737 Yanks Smythe, Transcript 24 February 2010, pp. 35910, 35916-3517; DCT-008, Transcript 31 August 2010, p. 47530. 11738 Varmuyan Sherif: Transcript 14 January 2008, pp. 1192-1193. 11739 Dauda Aruna Fornie, Transcript 5 December 2008, pp. 21776-21777. 11740 Dauda Aruna Fernie, Transcript 2 December 2008, pp. 21524-21530. 11 741 Dauda Aruna Fomie, Transcript 3 December 2008, pp. 21539-21541. 11 742 Dauda Aruna Fornie, Transcript 5 December 2008. pp. 21783-21784. 11 743 Varmuyan Sherif, Transcript 10 January 2008. pp. 1016-1017; Transcript 14 January 2008. p. 1137 11 744 TFI-367, Transcript 20 August 2008. pp. 14141-14151 ; Transcript 28 August 2008. pp. 14961-14964.
1817 Case No.: SCS L-03-01-T ~ 18 May 20 12 399/0
5327. The Trial Chamber notes that TFl-367 did not mention the Accused as a source of funding for these transactions in his testimony, while Fomie did not mention the sources of funding mentioned by TFl-367. The Trial Chamber is of the view that there were several sources for the money used to make the purchases from ULIMO, and that one of these sources was the Accused. The Trial Chamber has discussed the financial support given by the Accused to the RUF or RUF/AFRC, including financial support for arms and
ammunition, in a different section ofthe Judgement. 11745
5328. The Trial Chamber notes that TFl-367 described in his testimony the assistance of an NPFL police commander to track former ULIMO fighters, as well as his assistance with radio communications to inform headquarters in Buedu to send a vehicle when he had acquired a sufficient amount ofmateriel. 11746
Findings
5329. The Trial Chamber finds that the Prosecution has proved beyond reasonable doubt that the Accused sent Varmuyan Sherif to open a corridor to facilitate the existing trade of the purchase and sale of arms and ammunition between the RUF and ULIMO between Lofa County and RUF-held-territories after 14 February 1998, that Sheriffulfilled his assignment, as result of which members of ULIMO who were supposed to disarms and surrender their arms to the UN, instead sold or bartered them to the RUF.
5330. The Trial Chamber also finds that the prosecution has proved beyond reasonable doubt that the Accused provided financial support to the RUFIAFRC in order to facilitate their purchases ofarms and ammunition from ex-ULIMO combatants.
(b) Supplies from ECOMOG
Submissions ofthe Parties
5331. The Prosecution submits that in late 1996, the Accused attempted to obtain a large supply of materiel from ECOMOG to re-provision a large group of RUF who were trapped near the Pujehun District/Liberia border and were out of ammunition. Taylor was not convinced that Foday Sankoh could be trusted to use money given directly to him to
11745 Operational Support: Support and Training, Financial Support. 11746 TFl-367, Transcript 20 August 2008, pp. 14152-14155.
1818 Case No.: SCSL-03-01-T 18 May 2012 39q//
purchase this materiel so he devised a means of suppl ying these RUF which allowed him to keep Sankoh only peripherally involved in the arrangement. Taylor used his connections with ECOMOG and one of his senior NPFL Special Forces commanders, Saye Boayou, to strike a deal for this materiel. Taylor sent Boayou to Cote d'Ivoire to meet with Sankoh. Sankoh then sent DCT-292, a member ofthe RUF external delegation, with Boayou to meet a senior ECOMOG official whom Boayou knew and who would supply the ammunition. During the travel from the Cote d'Ivoire border to Monrovia, Boayou and DCT-292 passed easily through the NPFL checkpoints. Saye Boayou was in charge of this transaction, from setting up the meetings with the ECOMOG official, to handing over the money and arranging the transfer of the ammunition to the RUF at the border. However, the attempt was unsuccessful and the RUF forces in Pujehun were forced to cross over into Liberia. 11747
5332. The Defence argues that there is no evidence to support the Prosecution's assertion
that the Accused was involved in the alleged transaction.I 1748
Evidence
Prosecution Witness TF 1-371
5333 . Witness TFI-371 testified that after the retreat from Zogoda in Kailahun District in 1996, the RUF forces in Pujehun were under attack and were having problems acquiring ammunition. The witness heard a radio conversation between Foday Sankoh, who was in Abidjan, and Mike Lamin, one ofthe commanders on the ground, Sankoh told Lamin to tell the commanders there to be patient since he had sent Jonathan Kposowa and Joseph Brown with $USD 42,000 to Liberia to try to meet with Taylor to explore whether the NPFL could help the RUF get ammunition. The RUF forces in Pujehun waited but the ammunition never arrived. They therefore had to retreat to Liberia.11 749
5334. After Lamin retreated to Liberia, the witness heard him inform Sankoh via radio communication that the ammunition had not arrived and that they had to retreat. Sankoh invited him to come meet him in Abidjan. When the two met in Abidjan, Sankoh informed him that Jonathan Kposowa could not have met Taylor since Kposowa had been arrested by
11747 Prosecution Final Trial Brief, para. 219. 11748 Defence Response to Prosecution Final Trial Brief, para. 43. 11749 TFI-371, Transcript 25 January 2008, pp. 2276-2278 (CS); Transcript 29 January 2008, p. 2462 (CS).
1819 Case No.: SCSL-03-01-T / 18 May 2012 some ofTaylor's Special Forces and these Special Forces had taken the money. Afterwards, Jonathan Kposowa stayed in Monrovia because he was afraid to meet Sankoh.11750
Prosecution Witness Augustine Mallah
5335. Witness Augustine Mallah testified that after the Kamajors and the SLA mounted an assault on Zogoda in 1996, a group of RUF rebels led by Mike Lamin withdrew to the Pujehun District of Sierra Leone and joined another RUF group stationed there. The SLA and the Kamajors advanced to Pujehun and maintained continuous pressure on the RUF. Mallah testified that, in Pujehun, he heard Mike Lamin communicating with Foday Sankoh over the radio. Foday Sankoh informed Lamin that he had sent his secretary Kposowa to the Accused in Gbarnga to ask for his help in obtaining arms and ammunition. However, they never received this ammunition.11751
Prosecution Witness Isaac Mongor
5336. Witness Isaac Mongor testified that when Sankoh returned from Abidjan, Sankoh told him and the rest ofthe RUF commanders that he had sent Jonathan Kposowa to convert money, which Mongor believed was from someone in Ghana, and with that money purchase ammunition. Sankoh explained that the ammunition was not purchased since Kposowa had used the money for himself. 11752
The Accused
5337. Taylor testified that during the fighting in Liberia the NPFL had bought weapons 11753 from ECOMOG.
5338. However, he stated that he never received Jonathan Kposowa or Joseph Brown, and that Sankoh never gave him, Taylor, money for materiel. 11754
Defence Witness DCT-292
11750 TFI-371, Transcript 25 January 2008, pp. 2278-2281 (CS).
11751 Augustine Mallah, Transcript 12 November 2008, pp. 20111-20114.
11752 Isaac Mongor, Transcript 3 April 2008, p. 6625; Transcript 4 April 2008, pp. 6636-6640. 11753 Charles Ghankay Taylor, Transcript 3 August 2009, pp. 25784-25785.
11754 Charles Ghankay Taylor, Transcript 23 September 2009, pp. 29532-29533 (PS).
Case No.: SCSL-03-01-T 1820/ 18 May 2012 5339. Witness DCT-292, a senior member of the RUF, testified that in Cote d'Ivoire, in around November 1996, Foday Sankoh gave Jonathan Kposowa $USD 20,000 and instructed him to go to Liberia to purchase arms and ammunition from an ECOMOG
commander and then to deliver the purchased materiel to Mike Lamin. 11 755 Kposowa was to go with Saye Boayou, a member of the NPFL Special Forces, who was supposed to hand over the money to the ECOMOG commander. When Kposowa reached Duala, he met the contact person, who was the ECOMOG commander's chief security officer. He told Kposowa that the amount of money that they had brought was too little to arrange the transaction. Kposow a went to Foday Sankoh in Cote d'Ivoire, who gave him an additional $USD 10,000. Kposowa then returned to Liberia, this time with Joseph Brown, and handed the money over to the ECOMOG official via Boayou, who had remained in Liberia. Kposowa waited a month in Liberia to receive the arms and ammunition, but did not receive
anything. After he informed Sankoh, Sankoh accused him ofembezzling the money. I 1756
Defence Witness John Vincent
5340. Witness John Vincent, a Liberian Vanguard, testified that in 1990, Saye Boayue was
deployed as the commander ofthe NPFL in Bong Mines.11757
Defence Witness Joseph Dehmie
5341. Witness Joseph Dehrnie, an NPFL senior radio operator, testified that in March-April
1990, Saye Bonayue was the NPFL commander in Bong Mines.11758
Defence witness DCT-025
5342. Witness DCT-025 testified that Joseph Brown and Jonathan Kposowa were part of the group that accompanied Sankoh to Abidjan . At the time this attempted purchase took place, Joseph Brown was in the hospital, and therefore could not have participated in it.1l759
Defence witness Issa Sesav
11755 DCT-292, Transcript I June 2010, pp. 41755-41767. 11756 DCT-29 2, Transcript I June 2010, pp. 41767-41771, 41773-41774; Transcript 2 June 2010, pp. 41994 41995; Transcript 3 June 20 10, pp. 42045-42051. 11 757 John Vincent, Transcript 25 March 2010, pp. 37983-37984. 11 758 Joseph Dehmie, Transcript 19 May 2010, p. 41167. 11 759 DCT-025, Transcript 16 March 2010, pp. 37363-37370 (PS).
1 8 2~ Case No.: SCSL-03-0 1-T 18 May 20 12 5343. Witness Issa Sesay testified that in 1996 the RUF group in Pujehun needed ammunition. When Sankoh came back to Kailahun District in November 1996, he told Sesay, Sam Bockarie and the others that he had sent Jonathan Kposowa to make contact with ECOMOG in Monro via to buy ammunition. 11 760
Deliberations
5344. The Prosecution contends that the Accused sent Saye Boayou to Sankoh to help the RUF get arms and ammunition from ECOMOG, but acknowledges that this attempt failed and the RUF forces in Pujehun were forced to cross over into Liberia. JJ7 61
5345. Several witnesses testified that Foday Sankoh sent Jonathan Kposowa to obtain ammunition, and that the attempt to purchase ammunition had failed. I 1762 However, no Prosecution witness testified that the purchase was to be made with ECOMOG, or that Saye Boayou was involved in the attempted purchase. Prosecution Witness TFI-371 testified that he heard Sankoh tell Lamin that he sent Jonathan Kposowa and Joseph Brown with money to meet Taylor but that he later learned from Sankoh that the meeting did not occur and the money was taken by Taylor's Special Forces.)1763 Prosecution Witnesses Isaac Mongor and Augustine Mallah onl y testified that Sankoh sent Jonathan Kposowa to obtain ammunition and that the ammunition never arrived. 11764 Neither of them indicated that the ammunition was to be purchased from ECOMOG, or that Saye Boayou was involved in the attempted purchase.
5346. In support of its submi ssion, the Prosecution relies on Defence witness DCT-292's account, which differs greatly from the account of its own witnesses. According to DCT 292, Saye Boayou, a member ofthe NPFL Special Forces, was sent by Sankoh together with Kposowa to make contacts with ECOMOG in order to purchase materiel. Two Defence witnesses testified that Boayou was the NPFL commander in Bong Mines in 1990,1 1765 but
11760 Issa Sesay, Transcript 17 August 20 I0, pp. 46516-46522. 11761 Prosecution Final Tria l Brief, para. 219.
11762 TF I-371, Transcript 25 January 2008, pp. 2276-228 1 (CS); Augustine Mallah, Transcript 12 November 2008, pp. 20112-20 114; Isaac Monger, Transcript 3 April 2008, p. 6625; Transcript. 4 April 2008, pp. 6636 6640; DCT-29 2, Transcript I June 2010, pp. 41757-41774 ; Transcript 3 June 20 10, pp. 42045-42052; Issa Sesay, Transcript 17 August 20 10, pp. 46516-46522 . 11763 TF 1-371, Transcript 25 January 2008, pp. 2276-2281 (CS); Transcript 29 January 2008, p. 2462 (CS).
11764 Augustine Mallah, Transcript 12 November 2008, pp. 20 112-20 114; Isaac Monger, Transcript 3 April 2008, p. 6625; Transcript 4 April 2008, pp. 6636-6640.
11765 John Vincent, Transcript 25 March 2010 , pp. 37983-37984; Joseph Dehmie, Transcript 19 May 2010, p.
1822 Case No.: SCSL-03-0 1-T / 18 May 20 12 no evidence was introduced to indicate the role or position of Boayou in 1996, or his relationship with the Accused at that time. While Defence witness DCT-292 testified that Boayou was involved in the failed transaction, he testified that it was Sankoh who sent him on the mission to ECOMOG, without reference to the Accused.
5347. The Prosecution's theory that the Accused devised this transaction in a manner so as to keep Sankoh peripherally involved, since he did not trust Sankoh with money, is incompatible with the evidence given by both Prosecution and Defence witnesses that it was Sankoh who gave the money to Kposowa for the transaction.
Findings
5348. The Trial Chamber finds that the Prosecution failed to prove beyond reasonable doubt that the Accused used one ofhis superior commanders, Saye Boayou, in an attempt to help the RUF purchase arms and ammunition from ECOMOG in November 1996.
(c) Magburaka shipment
Submissions ofthe Parties
5349. The Prosecution submits as follows. After the breakdown of negotiations between the AFRC/RUF Junta and ECOWAS, the former was desperate for arms as they not only faced the threat of military action to force it from power but also suffered from an arms embargo imposed on Sierra Leone by UN Resolution 1132. Taylor met that desperate need by supplying the Junta with arms and ammunition in various shipments that enabled them to hold on to key areas in Sierra Leone for several additional months." 766 In August 1997 Johnny Paul Koroma sent a delegation to Monro via with a written request to the Accused for materiel and his assistance in gaining recognition from the ECOWAS States. The delegation met with officials of Taylor's Govemrnent.v' f'" and were told that their letter was transmitted to the Accused and that Taylor was willing to work with the ECOWAS Committee to recognise the Junta. In addition, Koroma 's delegation was assured that Taylor was in touch with their leader; was safely escorted by Taylor's security to the airport; and had their expenses in Monrovia paid for by the Taylor government. On their return to
4 11 67. 11766 Prosecution Final Trial Brief, paras 223-225. 11767 The Prosecution refers to John T. Richardson and Monie Captan the Foreign Minister. 1823/ Case No.: SCSL-03-01-T 18 May 2012 ,~ Freetown the delegation briefed Koroma who confirmed that Taylor had spoken with him
and assured him ofcooperation to ensure the recognition ofthe Junta Government. 11 768
5350. In Freetown, Taylor's representative, Ibrahim Bah was already there and had met with Bockarie and Koroma. Bah informed Bockarie that he had been given a directive from the Accused to help the Junta get arms and ammunition and asked about mining operations in Kono and whether they had diamonds to pay for the shipment. After he met Bockarie, Bah met with Koroma and said that on the instructions ofthe Accused 90 carats ofdiamonds would be needed for the arms shipment and $USD 90,000 for the flight." 769 Two or three days later Koroma briefed the Junta Supreme Council that he was in the process of arranging the shipment, and it was agreed to obtain the diamonds and money. Gullit brought the diamonds from Kono. The rough diamonds and $USD 90,000 were given to Bah who took the cash and diamonds to Monrovia. I 1770
5351. The Prosecution further submits that in September 1997 the Accused took the diamonds and used the opportunity under diplomatic cover of a trip to South Africa, Burkina Faso, Libya, and Niger to arrange the shipment of arms and ammunition to the Junta. 1l77 1 In South Africa the Accused presented some of the Junta diamonds as a gift to supermodel
Naomi Campbell. 11 772 The "huge" shipment which arrived at Magburaka in October 1997, included arms, ammunition and weapons to bring down aircraft, was distributed between the
AFRC and RUF forces and was "central to prolonging the life ofthe Junta". 11773
5352. The Defence points out a number of inconsistencies and contradictions In the Prosecution's evidence on the Magburaka arms shipment, characterizing it as "a jigsaw where the pieces just do not fit" and invites the Trial Chamber to reject the Prosecution evidence as unreliable. I l774 The Defence submits that there are inconsistencies over where the shipment came from, how the shipment was paid for, who facilitated the shipment, when
11768 Prosecution Final Trial Brief. para. 226. 11769 Prosecution Final Trial Brief. para. 227.
11770 Prosecution Final Trial Brief, para. 228. 11771 Prosecution Final Trial Brief, paras 229, 230, 233.
11772 Prosecution Final Trial Brief, para. 230. 11 773 Prosecution Final Trial Brief, para. 234. 11774 Defence Final Trial Brief, para. 589.
1824 Case No.: SCSL-03-01-T -: 18 May 20 12 399J 7 the shipment took place and who picked it up, what were the contents of the shipment and where the shipment was delivered.11 775
5353. The Trial Chamber examined the following evidence related to the so-called "Magburaka arms shipment".
Evidence
Prosecution Witness TF 1-371
5354. Witness TFl-371, an RUF member, testified that in August 1997,11776 Johnny Paul
Koroma asked him to be part of a delegation 11777 that carried a letter to President Charles Taylor requesting the latter to assist the Junta Government to gain recognition amongst the ECOWAS States. 1\778 On arrival in Monrovia, the delegation was not able to meet President Taylor and instead met with officials of the Liberian Government including one John T. Richardson and Monie Captan, the Foreign Minister. Captan, who received the letter from the delegation, told them that he had passed it on to Taylor who had expressed a willingness to work with the ECOWAS Committee for recognition of the Junta Government and who was already in contact with Johnny Paul Koroma. I 1779
5355. On returning to Freetown the delegation went to brief Johnny Paul Koroma who confirmed that President Taylor had already communicated with him and promised support in securing recognition by ECOWAS. 1l780 TFl-371 also attended a meeting in the Cape Sierra Hotel between Sam Bockarie and General Ibrahim Bah at which Bockarie expressed concern at the constant military attacks on the AFRC by the Nigerian ECOMOG troops and the AFRC Junta's lack of arms and ammunition. Bah responded that Charles Taylor had specifically sent him to negotiate terms with Johnny Paul Koroma that would assist the AFRC to secure arms and ammunition.l T" Bah suggested that given the quantity of materiel required, 90 carats of diamonds would be required to pay for the arms and
11775 Defence Final Trial Brief, paras 591-596 . 11776 TFl-371, Transcript 25 January 2008, p. 2301 (CS).
11777 The delegation was headed by one Frank Karifa Smart and other members included Mike Lamin and Milicent Kamara. 11778 TFl-371, Transcript 25 January 2008, pp. 2299-2300 (CS).
11779 TFl-371, Transcript 28 January 2008, pp. 2304-2307 (CS). 11780 TFl-371, Transcript 28 January 2008, p. 2307 (CS).
11781 TFl-371, Transcript 28 January 2008, pp. 2308-2309 (CS).
18~ Case No.: SCSL-03-01-T 18 May 2012 ammunition and $USD 90,000 to transport them by air, and that he had already made this proposal to Koroma. 11 782
5356. Two or three days later TF1-371 attended an emergency meeting of the AFRC/R UF Supreme Council , also attended by Abu Sankoh, SAJ Musa, Gibril Massaquoi, Morris Kallon, Bazzy Kamara, Eldred Collins, Brigadier Mani and Issay Sesay, at which the imminent threat of an ECOMOG attack was discussed .11 783 Johnny Paul Koroma, who chaired the meeting, announced that he had made arrangements to secure a supply of arms and ammunition that would cost the Junta Government 90 carats of diamonds and $USD 90,000 for shipment.11 784 Koroma then instructed Cobra, the mining commander in charge of Kono, and Gullit, the Principal Liaison Officer, to bring the requisite amount of diamonds to his residence. The meeting also endorsed SAJ Musa 's proposal that $USD 90,000 required for the air freight be obtained from the Central Bank of Sierra Leone. 11785 Sometime later TF1-371 was at Johnn y Paul Koroma ' s residence when he saw Koroma hand over the requisite diamonds and $USD 90,000 to Bockarie who in tum handed the diamonds and cash to Ibrahim Bah, after which Bah and Bockarie left Freetown.11 786 TFl-371 denied having seen the letter (Exhibit D-004) before but stated that he was familiar with its contents as they were discussed in the said emergency meeting.Il787
5357. TF1-371 testified that towards the end of October 1997, 11 788 while at Cockerill Military Headquarters, he saw a report from Issa Sesay, Morris Kallon and the Military Intelligence Branch officer that Ibrahim Bah had delivered a shipment of arms and ammunition by plane to the Magburaka airfield .11 789 TF1-371 was further informed that a second arms shipment accompanied by Issa Sesay and Fonti Kanu, a senior SLA officer, was scheduled to arrive later that day, but the delivery was not made because Nigerian ECOMOG jets bombed the runway before the plane could land.11790 TFl-371 testified that
11 782 TF 1-371, Transcript, 28 January 2008, p. 2309 (CS). 11783 TF I-371, Transcript 28 January 2008, pp. 23 10-23 11 (CS). 11 784 TF I-3 71, Transcript 28 January 2008, p. 2312 (CS). 11 785 TFI-37 1, Transcript 28 January 2008, pp. 23 10-23 13 (CS). 11 786 TFI-371, Transcript 28 January 2008, pp. 23 13-23 14, 2374-23755 (CS). 11 787 TF1-371, Transcript 28 January 2008, p. 2318 (CS). 11788 TFI-371, Transcript 31 January 2008, pp. 2744-2748 (CS). 11789 TFI-371, Transcript 28 January 2008, p. 2314 (CS). 11790 TFI-371, Transcript 28 January 2008, pp. 2314-2316 (CS).
Case No.: SCSL-03-0 1-T 18 May 2012 he did not know from where the flight had departed11791 but that he understood from "the organisers of the shipment"11792 that the flight came from Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso.11793 The weapons were distributed to the Cockerill Military Headquarters, Koroma's residence and Issa Sesay's base in Kenema District. 1l794 The witness could not recall the exact quantity11795 of arms and ammunition purchased but stated that the shipment was "huge" and that approximately 200 AK-47 rifles, one of two 75 calibre machine guns, rocket propelled grenades and 80 boxes ofAK-47 ammunition were allocated to the RUF alone. 11796
Prosecution Witness Isaac Mongor
5358. Witness Isaac Mongor, a senior RUF member, testified that he was present at a meeting at Sam Bockarie's residence at Hill Station, Freetown, attended by senior RUF members including Issa Sesay, Morris Kallon, Foday Lansana (a.k.a. CO Nya), Gibril Massaquoi and others, at which Ibrahim Bah delivered a message from Charles Taylor urging the RUF "to work together with the AFRC". 11797 After the said meeting, Ibrahim Bah was taken to the residence of Johnny Paul Koroma on Spur Road to deliver the same message to the AFRC. Mongor was present at the meeting attended by senior AFRC members including Johnny Paul Koroma, SO Williams, Gullit and Bazzy and "all the other authorities" of the AFRC, at which Bah repeated the message from Charles Taylor that the RUF and AFRC should "work hand in hand", a message that was "well received" by both the RUF and AFRC.11798 The witness testified that the main topic discussed at the second meeting was the need for ammunition and that the meeting was happy because Bah "would be able to help them get ammunition".1l799 The witness further stated that after this meeting Koroma and Bah held "a closed-door meeting", but the contents of these discussions were not disclosed to Mongor. 11800 Koroma later told Mongor that he had been in contact with
11791 TFl-371, Transcript 31 January 2008, pp. 2700-2701 (CS). 11792 The witness stated that he was informed by Bah and Issa Sesay that the plane flew from Burkina Faso. 11793 TFl-371, Transcript 31 January 2008, pp. 2701-2702, 2732-2736 (CS). 11794 TFl-371, Transcript 28 January 2008, pp. 2316-2317 (CS). 11795 In cross examination, the witness stated that the sum total of arms and ammunition paid for with the 90 carats of diamonds and $USD 90,000 comprised two plane loads, although only one plane load was actually delivered at Magburaka. Transcript 31 January 2008, p. 2726. 11796 TFl-371, Transcript 28 January 2008, pp. 2316-2317 (CS). 11797 Isaac Mongor, Transcript 11 March 2008, p. 5712.
II 798Isaac Mongor, Transcript 11 March 2008, pp. 5712-5714. 11799 Isaac Mongor, Transcript 11 March 2008, p. 5714. 11800 Isaac Mongor, Transcript 11 March 2008, pp. 5713-5715; Transcript 4 Apri12008, pp. 6658-6659.
Case No.: SCSL-03-01-T 18 May 2012 Taylor and that Taylor had said that he was gomg to "send something" for the Junta Government. I1801
5359. Mongor testified that in 1998 shortly before the ECOMOG intervention,11802 a "small amount of ammunition" was delivered at the Magburaka airstrip and that Koroma sent
Mongor, Fonti Kanu , Mike Lamin and other people to collect the delivery. I 1803The deli very consi sted of two anti-aircraft guns and some ammunition for the AA gun and GMG rounds. I1804 The witness stated that one of the two anti-aircraft guns was allocated to the AFRC and mounted at Koroma's residence in Freetown, while the other was allocated to the RUF and taken by Mike Lamin to Bockarie in Kenerna.11805 He said that an Alpha jet bombarded the place after they had already collected these items.II S06 In cross-examination Isaac Mongor testified that he learnt from Johnny Paul Koroma that the Magburaka arms shipment originated from Libya in 1998 and passed through Liberia, through arrangements made by Taylor with the AFRC, and arrived in Magburaka shortl y before the ECOMOG intervention.i'j'" Mongor confirmed his statement to the investigators that previousl y the RUF had made arrangements with Ibrahim Bah to ship arms in from Burkina Faso but when they joined the AFRC Johnn y Paul Koroma renewed the arms contract by talking directly with Bah. 11 808
Prosecution Witness Samuel Kargbo
5360. Witness Samuel Kargbo, a former SLA and member of the AFRC Supreme Council,11809 testified that one to two weeks after the 25 May 1997 coup, he overheard a telephone conversati on between Johnny Paul Koroma and Charles Taylor pertaining to an arms shipment. In the telephone conversation, Koroma reportedly told Taylor that he was sending him a delegation led by Mike Lamin and that Ibrahim Bah had been recommended by Sam Bockarie to assist the delegation with the procurement of the arms and
1180 1 Isaac Monger, Transcript II March 2008 , p. 5724. 11802 Isaac Mongor, Transcript 4 April 2008, pp. 6646-665 1. 11803 Isaac Monger, Transcript II March 2008, p. 5724. 11804 Isaac Monger, Transcript II March 2008, pp. 5724, 5726-5728; Transcript 4 April 2008, p. 6644. 11805 Isaac Mongor, Transcript II March 2008, pp. 5733-5734. 11806 Isaac Mongor,Transcript II March 2008 , p. 5724. 11807 Isaac Mongor, Transcript 4 April 2008, pp. 6644-6652. 11808 Isaac Mongor, Transcript 4 April 2008, pp. 6659-6661.
11809 Samuel Kargbo, Transcript 21 May 2008, pp. 10421-10423, 10433-10440 ; Transcript 2 June 2008, p.I07I7.
Case No.: SCSL-03-0 1-T 18 May 20 12 ammunition.1181O Kargbo stated that he was aware of other telephone calls made by Koroma to other African leaders at various times thereafter, including Presidents Mainassara of Niger, Blaise Compaore of Burkina Faso and Muammar Gaddafi of Libya, and that the delegation in fact travelled to Liberia, Niger, Burkina Faso and Libya. 11811 Later Kargbo attended a Supreme Council meeting in which Koroma explained that a delegation headed by SYB Rogers was going to take a letter to Charles Taylor asking for political recognition ofthe AFRC Junta and other things.11812
5361. After the first delegation went to Liberia, Koroma told another Supreme Council meeting that Kargbo attended, that he was sending a second delegation to Liberia led by Mike Larnin of the RUF, Lieutenant-Colonel Fonti Kanu of the AFRC and General Ibrahim Bah to purchase arms and ammunition for the Junta. Koroma recommended Lieutenant Colonel Fonti Kanu to be on the delegation because he was familiar with the military equipment needed by the Junta, II813 while General Ibrahim Bah was recommended by Sam Bockarie to facilitate the movement of the arms into Sierra Leone.11814 In the meeting, it was agreed that the arms and ammunition would be paid for with "a parcel", which the witness understood to mean diamonds. I 1815 Between 48 and 78 hours later, I 1816 a delegation headed by Mike Larnin and including Fonti Kanu, and General Ibrahiml1817 travelled to Liberial1818 and between one and two weeks later an arms shipment arrived by plane at Magburaka.11819 Kargbo estimated that the shipment was delivered about one month before the Conakry Accord (hence on or about 23 September 1997).11820
5362. Samuel Kargbo testified that he and others, including Issa Sesay, CO Lion and
"Senegalese" were present when the Magburaka shipment arrived. I 1821 When the plane landed at night between 7.00pm and 9.00pm, it was already dark and vehicle headlights
11810 Samuel Kargbo, Transcript 21 May 2008, p. 10455.
11811 Samuel Kargbo, Transcript 21 May 2008, pp. 10445-10446, 10456-10457. 11812 Samuel Kargbo, Transcript 21 May 2008, pp. 10453-10454. 11813 Samuel Kargbo, Transcript 21 May 2008, p. 10477. 11814 Samuel Kargbo, Transcript 21 May 2008, pp. 10455-10459, 10477. 11815 Samuel Kargbo, Transcript 21 May 2008, p. 10458. 11816 Samuel Kargbo, Transcript 21 May 2008, p. 10458. 11817 Samuel Kargbo, Transcript 21 May 2008, p. 10457. 11818 Samuel Kargbo, Transcript 21 May 2008, p. 10478.
11819 Samuel Kargbo, Transcript 21 May 2008, pp. 10458-10459; Transcript 2 June 2008, p. 10710. 11820 Samuel Kargbo, Transcript. 21 May 2008, pp. 10457-10459. 118?1- Samuel Kargbo, Transcnpt. 2 June 2008, p. 10712.
Case No.: SCSL-03-01-T 18May2012 were used to illuminate the airstrip."822 According to the witness, a "large quantity" of ammunition comprising AK rounds, G3 rounds, mortar bombs, RPG bombs and stinger missile bombs, was dropped by net from the plane, but the shipment did not include arms. 11823 The shipment was accompanied by Lieutenant-Colonel Fonti Kanu, Mike Lamin
and a soldier called Musa wearing a Burkina Faso uniform with an insignia on it.II 824 The ammunition was hurriedly put in vehicles and delivered to Johnny Paul Koroma's residence in Freetown, from where it was distributed to the AFRC and RUF commanders."825 In cross-examination, the witness admitted that he did not know from where the arms shipment originated but concluded based on the presence on the plane of Musa who was wearing a Burkinabe uniform, that the shipment "may have passed through Burkina Faso".11826
5363. Witness Sam Kargbo also testified that after the ECOMOG intervention and the loss of Freetown, the AFRC were unable to bring their heavy artillery with them as they retreated as Waterloo was blocked and there was no way for the heavy artillery to cross over. They left the weapons at Tombo.11827
Prosecution Witness Augustine Mallah
5364. Witness Augustine Mallah, a former RUF member,11828 testified that at a meeting held at the Officer's Mess at the Wilberforce Barracks in Freetown, the Chief ofArmy Staff told the meeting that Koroma should tell the officers that they were expecting the first consignment of arms, ammunition and medicines since the AFRC coup, due to arrive at the Magburaka Airfield, and that one Major Dumbuya should go there to receive the shipment.11829 The ChiefofArmy Staff also told the meeting that the Junta had money in the bank and diamonds from Kono and Tongo to pay for the shipment."830 In cross examination, the witness testified that this meeting occurred "close to October 1997" and
11822 Samuel Kargbo, Transcript 21 May 2008, pp. 10459; Transcript 2 June 2008, pp. 10709, 10747. 11823 Samuel Kargbo, Transcript 21 May 2008, pp. 10479-10482; Transcript 2 June 2008, p. 10718. 11824 Samuel Kargbo, Transcript 21 May 2008, p. 10479; Transcript 2 June 2008, p. 10710. 11825 Samuel Kargbo, Transcript 21 May 2008, pp. 10479-10482. 11826 Samuel Kargbo, Transcript 2 June 2008, pp. 10715-10719. 11827 Samuel Kargbo, Transcript 22 May 2008, p. 10514. 11828 Augustine Mallah, Transcript 12 November 2008, p. 20073. Mallah was an RUF Junior Commando from 1991 until the disarmament. 11829 Augustine Mallah, Transcript 12 November 2008, pp. 20152-20154. 11830 Augustine Mallah, Transcript 12 November 2008, pp. 20152-20154.
Case No.: SCSL-03-0 1-T "30/ 18 May 2012 that he did not know if Ibrahim Bah made the arrangements for the shipment or from where the shi ipment ongmate.. dl1831.
Prosecution Witness Alimamy Bobson Sesay
5365. Witness Alimamy Bobson Sesay testified about the Magburaka arms shipment in cross-examination. In 1997, about 2 months after the AFRC coup, Hassan Papa Bangura (a.k.a. Bomb Blast) told the witness that the Junta were expecting a consignment of arms and ammunition to arrive at the Magburaka arifield.11832 The witness and Colonel SO Williams went to Magburaka airfield to collect arms and ammunition. Many other RUF fighters and SLA members, including Denis Mingo and Akim Turay, were present and were deployed in the bushes around the airstrip. Fonti Kanu and Colonel Yapo coordinated the arrival of the shipment. 11833 When the witness arrived at Magburaka, the plane carrying the arms shipment had already landed and the ammunition loaded on trucks. I 1834 The witness initially testified that the shipment took place around two months after the AFRC coup (therefore around July 1997) 11835 but later said it was "during the AFRC, but at least they had been in power for some time". I 1836 According to the witness, there were discussions amongst some of the soldiers that the shipment came from Ukraine, while others said that it was from Liberia. 11837 In a previous witness statement, Bobson Sesay told investigators that he was not aware where the shipment came from but other soldiers told him that it originated from Ukraine. The shipment contained sub machine guns (SMGs) and SMG rounds, AK rounds, and an anti-aircraft gun with lasers. When tested at Johnny Paul Koroma's house on
Spur Road, the anti-aircraft lasers were found not to be working. I 1838 The witness told the Trial Chamber that the arms were distributed among RUF and SLA members 11839 and that some other arms and ammunition were used to reinforce the fight against ECOMOG forces. 11840
11831 Augustine Mallah, Transcript 17 November 2008, pp. 20379-20380. 11832 Alimamy Bobson Sesay, Transcript 28 April 2008, p. 8686.
11833 Alimamy Bobson Sesay, Transcript 28 April 2008, pp. 8686-8691. 11834 Alimamy Bobson Sesay, Transcript 28 April 2008, p. 8693. 11835 Alimamy Bobson Sesay, Transcript 28 April 2008, p. 8686. 11836 Alimamy Bobson Sesay, Transcript 28 April 2008, pp. 8687, 8701. 11837 Alimamy Bobson Sesay, Transcript 28 April 2008, pp. 8687, 8701.
11838 Alimamy Bobson Sesay, Transcript 28 April 2008, pp. 8701-8703. 11839 Alimamy Bobson Sesay, Transcript 28 April 2008, pp. 8702-8704. 11840 Alimamy Bobson Sesay, Transcript 28 April 2008, p. 8688.
18~ Case No.: SCSL-03-01-T 18 May 2012 Prosecution Witness Perry Kamara
5366. Witness Perry Kamara a former RUF Junior Commando11841 testified that during the AFRC/RUF Junta regime, an airstrip was constructed about 2 to 3 miles from Magburaka. The Junta often used the airstrip for receiving shipment of arms and ammunition by plane which usually landed at night. 11842 On one such occasion "around the end of 1997,,/1843 Issa Sesay instructed him and an RUF Administrator called Alpha, to go and collect their share of ammunition at the Magburaka airstrip.11844 On arrival at around 5.00am or 6.00am, the witness found that the plane had already delivered the arms and ammunition at night and left. He saw vehicles belonging to the RUF, AFRC, "Bo Brigade" and other groups from Freetown and Kenema, all of whom had come to collect their share.11845 The witness saw arms and ammunition in boxes being distributed "by groups" between the RUF and AFRC.11846 He did not know where the shipment came from.11847
Prosecution Witness TFl-338
5367. Witness TFl-338, a former RUF member,11848 testified that during the AFRC/RUF Junta regime, an airstrip was constructed at Mayoroh near Magburaka where the Ukrainians used to deliver arms and ammunition by plane, including 03 rounds, AK-47 rounds and stick grenades. The airplane would not land for fear of the ECOMOG raids and simply dropped off the supplies at the airstrip.11849 The witness attended a meeting11850 at the State House towards the end of 1997, at which Johnny Paul Koroma announced that the Ukrainians were helping the Junta to ship arms and ammunition by air through Mayoroh airstrip, near Magburaka. 1l851 Koroma further explained that the Ukrainians first tried to send the materiel by sea but were disturbed by ECOMOO jets so decided later to bring it by
11841 Perry Kamara, Transcript 4 February 2008, pp. 3024-3027. 11842 Perry Kamara, Transcript 5 February 2008, p. 3091. 11843 Perry Kamara, Transcript 7 February 2008, p. 3353.
11844 Perry Kamara, Transcript 5 February 2008, p. 3091; Transcript 7 February 2008, pp. 3352-3353. 11845 Perry Kamara, Transcript 5 February 2008, p. 3092.
11846 Perry Kamara, Transcript 5 February 2008, p. 3091. 11847 Perry Kamara, Transcript 7 February 2008, p. 3353.
11848 TFI-338, Transcript I September 2008, pp. 15084 -15088. 11849 TFI-338, Transcript 3 September 2008, p. 15282-15283.
11850 TFI-338 also stated at pp. 15284-15285 that this meeting was attended by AFRC members including Gullit, Five-Five and Abu Sankoh (a.k.a. Zagalo), as well as RUF members including Eldred Collins, Sam Bockarie, Issa Sesay, Morris Kallon, Mike Lamin and Denis Mingo. 11851 TFI-338, Transcript 3 September 2008, pp. 15283-15285.
183/ Case No.: SCSL-03-01-T 18 May 2012 air to an airstrip at Mayoroh. A month after this announcement, the arms and ammunition shipment arrived by plane at Mayoroh. 11852 The witness went at night between 8.00pm and 9.00pm with Issa Sesay and Morris Kallon and their bodyguards to the Magburaka airstrip to collect their share of the delivery.11853 As the plane had not arrived they left and returned
later only to find that the plane had dropped off the delivery at night. I 1854 Mike Lamin was present at the airstrip when the witness first arrived but the witness did not know whether
Lamin was there when he returned the second time. I 1855 They arrived after the plane had left but saw the materiel it had dropped on the field, which was AK rounds, G3 rounds, stick grenades and GMG rounds. These were distributed to AFRC/RUF forces in Freetown,
Makeni and Magburaka and later used to repel ECOMOG from Freetown. I 1856
Prosecution Witness Naomi Campbell
5368. Witness Naomi Campbell testified that in September 1997, she attended a dinner hosted by Mr and Mrs. Nelson Mandela at their Presidential House in Pretoria. The dinner was attended by other prominent personalities including Charles Taylor. I 1857 At the table, Taylor had a general conversation with the other guests telling them who he was and where he was from. 11858 After dinner Ms. Campbell retired to her room upstairs in the Presidential Guesthouse but was awoken by two strange black men who upon knocking on her door gave her a pouch saying "a gift for you". I 1859 She did not open the pouch until the next morning when she saw in it a few "small dirty looking stones". I 1860 Campbell did not know who these men were or where they came from and it was only after discussing the incident with Mia Farrow and Carole White at breakfast that she concluded that the stones were diamonds and must have been sent by Charles Taylor. As she did not want the stones, she gave them to
11852 TFl-338, Transcript 3 September 2008, pp. 15282-15287. 11853 TFl-338, Transcript 3 September 2008, p. 15285. 11854 TFl-338, Transcript 3 September 2008, p. 15285. 11855 TF 1-338, Transcript 3 September 2008, pp. 15282-15287. 11856 TFl-338, Transcript 5 September 2008, pp. 15557-15558.
11857 Naomi Campbell, Transcript 5 August 2010, p. 45464. The dinner was related to the fund-raising activities of the Mandela Children's Charity of which Ms. Campbell is an Ambassador. According to the "Blue train Summary of Programme" (Exhibit D-428) the dinner took place on Thursday 25 September 1997 at the Presidential Guest house in Pretoria and was attended by other celebrities. 11858 Naomi Campbell, Transcript 5 August 2010, pp. 45466-43468. 11859 Naomi Campbell, Transcript 5 August 2010, p. 45468.
11860 Naomi Campbell, Transcript 5 August 2010, pp. 45468-45470.
Case No.: SCSL-03-01-T 18 May 2012 Jeremy Ratcliffe, the head of the Nelson Mandela Children's Fund,"to do something with
them" that would benefit the disadvantaged children. I 1861
Prosecution Witness Carole White
5369. Witness Carole White, who attended the same fund-raising function and dinner as Ms. Campbell and spent the night in the same guest house at the Mandela residence on 25 September 1997,11 862 told the Trial Chamber that there were 8 or possibly about 10 people at the dinner that evening.11863 White testified that she saw Campbell and Taylor laughing and nodding, being charming to each other and "mildly flirting" with each other at the dinner
table. I 1864 Campbell excitedly told White that Taylor was going to give her diamonds and Taylor responded by smiling and nodding in agreement.11865 In cross-examination White affirmed that she never actually heard Taylor make any promise to give Campbell diamonds
but that he nodded in agreement. I 1866 The witness further testified that at the conclusion of the dinner, she was present during a conversation between a Liberian Minister and Campbell concerning the delivery of the diamonds and that she thought Taylor may also have been briefly present. 11867 During the conversation, White learned that the arran gement was for two men to collect the diamonds from Johannesburg and deliver them to the guesthouse.11868 White told the Trial Chamber that she and Campbell stayed in the lounge area of the guest house from "around 10 o'clock at night" waiting for the men to arrive. After checking outside she and Campbell went to bed .11 869 At about I.OOam in the morning, two men threw pebbles at the window of White's room to get her attention and shouted that "they had
something for Campbell".II 870 White then alerted Campbell and the two women met the two men in the lobby, where the men gave Campbell a "quite scruffy paper" 11871 containing five or six uncut diamonds.11872 That morning Ms.Campbell put the diamonds in a small
11861 Naomi Campbell, Transcript 5 August 20 I0, pp. 45468-45475. 11862 Caro le White, Transcript 9 August 20 I 0, pp. 45755-45760. See also Exhibit D-428. 11863 Carole White, Transcript 9 August 20 10, pp. 45809-45810; Transcript 10 August 20 I 0, p. 45852. 11 864 Carole White, Transcript 9 August 20 10, p. 45764; Transcript 10 August 20 I 0, p. 45818. 11865 Caro le White, Transcript 9 August 20 10, p. 45764. 11866 Caro le White, Transcript 10 August 20 I 0, pp. 45819-45822. 11 867 Carole White, Transcript 9 August 20 I 0, p. 45766 . 11868 Carole White, Transcript 9 August 20 I 0, p. 45767; Transcript 10 August 20 10, pp. 45823-45826. 11869 Carole White, Transcript 9 August 20 I 0, p. 45768. 11 870 Carole White, Transcript 9 August 20 I0, pp. 45769-45768 In cross-examination, White stated on 10 August pp. 45835-45842 that the men said "they have a gift for Ms. Campbell". 11 871 Carole White, Transcript 9 August 2010, pp. 45857, 45866. 11872 Carole White, Transcript 9 August 20 I 0, p. 45771-45772.
1834 Case No.: SCSL-03-0 I-T 18 May20 12 jewellery pouch .I 1873 The following morning White advised Campbell against taking the diamonds out of South Africa as that would be illegal and suggested instead, that the diamonds be donated to the Nelson Mandela Children's Charity. White was present when Campbell handed the diamonds in a pouch to Jeremy Ratcliffe,Chairman of the Nelson
Mandela Children's Charity. I 1874 White admitted in cross-examination that she is involved in a multi -million dollar suit against Campbell whom she sued for breach of contract, but denied that the suit had any impact on her testimony in Court.11875
Prosecution Witness Mia Farrow
5370. Witness Mia Farrow testified that she too was invited by Nelson Mandela to attend the Blue Train fund-raising event and, like Campbell, she and the other guests attended the dinner and spent the night at the Presidential Guesthouse.11 876Farrow told the Trial Chamber that the following morning at breakfast, Campbell excitedly talked of an event the night before in which some men sent by Taylor had knocked on her door and given her a huge diamond, which Campbell said she intended to give to the Nelson Mandel a Children' s
Charity.I 1877 Campbell did not show Farrow the gift she had received. I 1878 Farrow testified that it was Campbell who suggested that the gift was from Charles Taylor. I 1879She said she did not recall Carole White.I 1880 In cross-examination, the witness again said that she did not see the diamond or know where the diamond came from, and that she did not know the reason behind the gift. I 1881 Ms Farrow admitted in cross-examination that as a "Goodwill Ambassador" for UNICEF her work focus es mainly on children impacted by armed conflict in Africa11882 but maintained that her testimony is not impacted by her views or work on the subject. I 1883
Defence Exhibit D-424
11873 Carole White, Transcript 9 August 2010, p. 45868; Transcript 10 August 20 I0, pp. 45866, 45868. 11874 Carole White, Transcript 9 August 20 10, p. 45773. 11875 Caro le White, Transcript 9 August 20 10, pp. 45790-45795; Transcript 10 August 20 10, pp. 45850,45863. 11876 Mia Farrow, Transcript 9 August 20 10, pp. 45650-45653. 11m Mia Farrow, Transcript 9 August 20 10, pp. 45654-45662 . 11878 Mia Farrow, Transcript 9 August 20 10, p. 45654. 11879 Mia Farrow, Tra nscript 9 August 20 10, pp. 45659-45660. 11880 Mia Farrow, Transcript 9 August 2010, p. 45659. 11881 Mia Farrow, Transcript 9 August 20 10, p. 45664. 11882 Farrow mentioned working with children in conflict in Sudan, Chad, Congo, Central African Republic and Uganda. 11883 Mia Farrow, Transcript 9 August 20 10, pp. 45716-45743.
Case No.: SCSL-03-0 1-T I~ 18 May 20 12