DOCSLIB.ORG

House of Lords Official Report

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
House of Lords Official Report Vol. 718 Thursday No. 55 11 March 2010 PARLIAMENTARY DEBATES (HANSARD) HOUSE OF LORDS OFFICIAL REPORT ORDER OF BUSINESS Questions Tax Revenue: Cigarettes Young Offender Institutions NHS: Medical Training Initiative Debt: Insolvency Laws Business of the House Timing of Debates Nine Statutory Instruments Motions to Refer to Grand Committee Transport: High-speed Rail Statement Barnett Formula Motion to Take Note Consolidated Fund (Appropriation) Bill First Reading National Minimum Wage Debate Social Security Benefits Up-rating Order 2010 Jobseeker’s Allowance (Lone Parents) (Availability for Work) Regulations 2010 Motions to Approve Grand Committee Four Energy Draft National Policy Statements Debated Written Statements Written Answers For column numbers see back page £3·50 Lords wishing to be supplied with these Daily Reports should give notice to this effect to the Printed Paper Office. The bound volumes also will be sent to those Peers who similarly notify their wish to receive them. No proofs of Daily Reports are provided. Corrections for the bound volume which Lords wish to suggest to the report of their speeches should be clearly indicated in a copy of the Daily Report, which, with the column numbers concerned shown on the front cover, should be sent to the Editor of Debates, House of Lords, within 14 days of the date of the Daily Report. This issue of the Official Report is also available on the Internet at www.publications.parliament.uk/pa/ld200910/ldhansrd/index/100311.html PRICES AND SUBSCRIPTION RATES DAILY PARTS Single copies: Commons, £5; Lords £3·50 Annual subscriptions: Commons, £865; Lords £525 WEEKLY HANSARD Single copies: Commons, £12; Lords £6 Annual subscriptions: Commons, £440; Lords £255 Index: Annual subscriptions: Commons, £125; Lords, £65. LORDS VOLUME INDEX obtainable on standing order only. Details available on request. BOUND VOLUMES OF DEBATES are issued periodically during the session. Single copies: Commons, £105; Lords, £40. Standing orders will be accepted. THE INDEX to each Bound Volume of House of Commons Debates is published separately at £9·00 and can be supplied to standing order. WEEKLY INFORMATION BULLETIN, compiled by the House of Commons, gives details of past and forthcoming business, the work of Committees and general information on legislation, etc. Single copies: £1·50. Annual subscription: £53·50. All prices are inclusive of postage. © Parliamentary Copyright House of Lords 2010, this publication may be reproduced under the terms of the Parliamentary Click-Use Licence, available online through the Office of Public Sector Information website at www.opsi.gov.uk/click-use/ 335 Tax Revenue: Cigarettes[11 MARCH 2010] Tax Revenue: Cigarettes 336 Lord Elton: My Lords, I am interested in the confidence House of Lords with which the noble Lord answered the first part of Thursday, 11 March 2010. the Question from the noble Lord, Lord Dubs, about how much is lost from smuggling. Presumably those 11 am cigarettes which smugglers attempted but failed to smuggle are out of the equation. How do the Government Prayers—read by the Lord Bishop of Bradford. know how many are smuggled without their knowledge? Tax Revenue: Cigarettes Lord Davies of Oldham: My Lords, I thought that question might arise. It is a calculation. Of course, it Question has to be an estimate. As with everything to do with aspects of crime proceeds, there is an element of 11.07 am estimate. It is the difference between the take the Asked By Lord Dubs Revenue legitimately gets from cigarettes on which the duty has been paid and the figures from household To ask Her Majesty’s Government how much surveys of cigarette consumption. It is the distinction tax revenue from cigarettes they estimate they have between those two points. lost due to (a) smuggling, and (b) imports from the European Union for personal use. Lord Newby: My Lords, have the Government made Lord Davies of Oldham: My Lords, the revenue lost an estimate of the reduction in excise duty collected, due to smuggling in 2007-08 was £1.5 billion. This is and taxes generally, on cigarettes following the ban on down from £2.7 billion in 2000-01. The revenue lost smoking in public places? Do the Government think due to imports for personal use is £0.9 billion, of that one of the reasons the amount of cigarettes which £0.6 billion came from the European Union in smuggled has fallen is that fewer people are smoking, 2007-08, due to lower retail prices in the EU. In partly because of the effect of the ban? January 2010 the UK had an average tax rate, including VAT, as a proportion of the retail price in the EU. Lord Davies of Oldham: My Lords, the health strategy and the Government’s tightening up of border controls Lord Dubs: My Lords, I am grateful to my noble have their effect in reducing smuggling. I sought to friend for that Answer. Does he agree that Britain’s indicate to the House that there is a significant drop in policy for some years now of having a high rate of the amount of cigarettes smuggled into the country. duty on cigarettes—probably higher than most other Nevertheless, the House will know that cigarettes are EU countries—has been based more on health one of the easier commodities to smuggle and it is still considerations than on fiscal considerations? Does he done on an unacceptable scale. We are pursuing the further agree that the import of large quantities of most strenuous measures to get the figures down further. cigarettes from the EU, without the ability of the Customs people to stop it, is damaging to health and Baroness Noakes: My Lords, why have the Government is undermining the Government’s sensible policies on not set a new target for the reduction of smuggling of trying to reduce the level of smoking? Ought we not, cigarettes, given that the latest statistics show that the as a country, approach the EU and say “Health is not previous target has already been met? Are the Government a matter for Brussels; fiscal matters may be”, and now being complacent? suggest that it should look again at the movement of cigarettes into this country? Lord Davies of Oldham: On the contrary, my Lords. Lord Davies of Oldham: My Lords, the response I accept of course the noble Baroness’s congratulations from Brussels is that border controls on imports are on the Government having hit the target thus far. I the responsibility of the United Kingdom. As I have assure her that the success is based on a strategy which indicated, we have had a marked improvement in the is clearly working. We are intensifying that strategy. reduction of smuggling over the past 10 years. However, as my noble friend will readily appreciate, the higher Lord Palmer: Does the Minister have any figures for we price cigarettes for the wholly commendable and the amount of revenue lost due to the smuggling of proper reasons of improving the nation’s health and hand-rolling tobacco? The latest estimate that I have is seeking to reduce consumption, the greater the incentive that 47 per cent of hand-rolling tobacco is illegally for smugglers. imported into this country. Lord Inglewood: My Lords, what is the presumption of the number of cigarettes an individual might bring Lord Davies of Oldham: My Lords, the Question in to measure whether or not they are for personal was about cigarettes. Hand-rolling tobacco is marginal use? in comparison to the position with cigarettes. I regret to say that I do not have a figure for hand-rolling Lord Davies of Oldham: My Lords, the figure is tobacco, but I think I can assure the noble Lord—I 3,200 cigarettes over 160 days. A rapid calculation will shall write to him with the specifics—that the problem indicate that that is 20 a day. So for personal use you with regard to smuggling relates to cigarettes. are allowed to bring in 20 cigarettes a day for six months. Lord Wallace of Saltaire: My Lords— 337 Tax Revenue: Cigarettes[LORDS] Young Offender Institutions 338 Baroness McIntosh of Hudnall: My Lords, given the local authorities working with YOIs have kept on that the problem of the illegal bringing of tobacco the social workers because they have seen the benefits into the country is slightly separate from that of cigarettes of the pilots. I am very keen that we should do all we being brought in duty-free for personal use, can my can to ensure that the benefits of the pilot are realised. noble friend say whether there has been a reduction in the import of cigarettes on that basis since the ban? In Baroness Walmsley: My Lords, in those YOIs that what way are the Government underpinning at points do not have a social worker what arrangements are of entry their own campaign against smoking, so that being made for young people who were formerly in people who might bring in cigarettes are discouraged care regarding where they should be resettled and the from doing so as far as possible? level of support they should receive when they leave custody? These children are one of the main focuses Lord Davies of Oldham: My Lords, the figure offered that the social workers are supposed to have, as is for the personal use of cigarettes is the one which I working in partnership with other professionals. quoted. It seems to be a reasonable figure given the difficulty of reducing cigarette consumption on the Baroness Morgan of Drefelin: I want to be absolutely part of people who are addicted to tobacco, and some clear.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • The Barnett Formula
    BRIEFING PAPER Number 7386, 28 May 2021 By Matthew Keep The Barnett formula Inside: 1. The formula 2. Issues 3. Recent fiscal devolution www.parliament.uk/commons-library | intranet.parliament.uk/commons-library | [email protected] | @commonslibrary Number 7386, 28 May 2021 2 Contents Summary 3 1. The formula 4 1.1 Introduction 4 1.2 How does the formula work? 5 Comparability percentage 5 Population proportions 6 Examples 7 1.3 UK Government spending announced outside of a spending review 7 1.4 A block grant floor for Wales 8 1.5 A non-statutory formula 9 1.6 Government transparency 9 1.7 Formula bypass 10 1.8 Origins 10 2. Issues 11 2.1 A needs-based formula 11 2.2 Equity 12 2.3 Barnett squeeze 13 3. Recent fiscal devolution 16 3.1 Block grant adjustment 16 Indexing BGAs in Scotland 17 Indexing BGAs in Wales 18 BGA in Northern Ireland 18 Further information about fiscal devolution 20 3.2 Recent legislation and Barnett 21 Appendix 1. Calculating the Home Office’s comparability percentage 24 Appendix 2. Calculating Scotland’s Barnett consequentials for 2018/19 25 Cover page image copyright: DIL_1336 by Switchology. Licensed under CC BY 2.0 / image cropped. 3 The Barnett formula Summary The devolved administrations in Scotland, Wales and Northern Ireland Details of how the receive grants from the UK Government that fund most of their devolved spending. The largest such grant is the ‘block grant’. administrations are funded, including the The Barnett formula calculates the annual change in the block grant.
    [Show full text]
  • Barnett Squeezed? Options for a Funding Floor After Tax Devolution
    Barnett Squeezed? Options for a Funding Floor after Tax Devolution Second Report on the 2016-17 Fiscal Framework Negotiations for Wales December 2016 2 WALES GOVERNANCE CENTRE AT CARDIFF UNIVERSITY AND THE INSTITUTE FOR FISCAL STUDIES Wales Governance Centre at Cardiff University Pierhead Building Cardiff Bay CF99 1NA Email: [email protected] Web: http://sites.cardiff.ac.uk/wgc/ Institute for Fiscal Studies 7 Ridgmount Street London WC1E 7AE Email: [email protected] Web: https://www.ifs.org.uk/ About us The Wales Governance Centre is a research centre that forms part of Cardiff University’s School of Law and Politics undertaking innovative research into all aspects of the law, politics, government and political economy of Wales, as well the wider UK and European contexts of territorial governance. A key objective of the Centre is to facilitate and encourage informed public debate of key developments in Welsh governance not only through its research, but also through events and postgraduate teaching. The Institute for Fiscal Studies (IFS) is Britain’s leading microeconomic research institute. Its research remit is one of the broadest in public policy analysis, covering subject from tax and benefits to education policy, from labour supply to corporate taxation, and from international development to devolution in the UK. The Institute is committed to rigorous, independent policy analysis and research. All statements in publications by IFS authors (and co-authors from other organisations) are the opinion of those authors; the IFS has no corporate views. Funding from the ESRC via the Centre for the Microeconomic Analysis of Public Policy (Grant No.
    [Show full text]
  • The Barnett Formula
    HOUSE OF LORDS Select Committee on the Barnett Formula 1st Report of Session 2008–09 The Barnett Formula Report with Evidence Ordered to be printed 9 July 2009 and published 17 July 2009 Published by the Authority of the House of Lords London: The Stationery Office Limited £price HL Paper 139 The Barnett Formula Committee The Select Committee on the Barnett Formula was appointed by the House of Lords on 10 December 2008 with the orders of reference “To examine the purpose, methodology and application of the Barnett Formula as a means of determining funding for the Devolved Administrations of the United Kingdom, to assess the effectiveness of the calculation mechanism to meet its purpose and to consider alternative mechanisms. These orders of reference exclude consideration of three main areas: The overall system of funding the Devolved Administrations – in particular the question of whether greater tax-raising powers should be accorded to the devolved administrations; Other political aspects of the devolution settlements; and The distribution of funds within the different regions of the United Kingdom”. Membership Lord Forsyth of Drumlean Baroness Hollis of Heigham Lord Lang of Monkton Lord Lawson of Blaby Earl of Mar and Kellie Lord Moser Lord Richard (Chairman) Lord Rooker Lord Rowe-Beddoe Lord Sewel Lord Smith of Clifton Lord Trimble Mr Alan Trench, Research Fellow in the School of Law at the University of Edinburgh and Mr Peter Kenway, Director of the New Policy Institute, were appointed as Specialist Advisers for the inquiry. Information about the Committee and Publications Information about the Select Committee on the Barnett Formula can be found on the internet at http://www.parliament.uk/hlbarnettformula.
    [Show full text]
  • Barnett Reform: Future Funding for Wales Dr
    Barnett reform: Future funding for Wales Dr. Eleanor Roy The Holtham Commission found that Wales is currently underfunded by around £300 million per year. Is it time to address the thorny issue of funding devolution via the Barnett formula, what are the alternatives and what would this mean for Wales? The Barnett formula Holtham and the ‘Barnett floor’ The Barnett formula is a non-statutory The Holtham Commission found that: mechanism, by which changes to the funding of under current arrangements Wales is the devolved administrations are determined, underfunded by some £300 million per based on changes to spend in UK Government year; departments and population share. fair funding for Wales should be on the basis of relative need; and Barnett has been criticised over the years on the as reform to a needs-based formula would basis of accountability, equity and fairness. take time, they suggested the immediate These criticisms and calls for review culminated implementation of a ‘Barnett floor’ as an in 2008, with the formation of the Calman and interim measure, to prevent any further Holtham Commissions in Scotland and Wales, underfunding of public services in Wales. respectively. In the longer term, the possibility of tax Calls for review devolution was proposed, similar to that In Scotland, the Commission on Scottish endorsed by Calman, but tailored to meet the Devolution (Calman) had a wide remit to review specific requirements of Wales. the experience of Scottish devolution, including the funding of devolution and alternatives to the Time for change? current arrangements. The Independent The Third Assembly unanimously endorsed a Commission on Funding and Finance for Wales motion calling for the immediate (Holtham) had a somewhat narrower remit and implementation of a funding floor by the UK was tasked with reviewing the funding of Government, followed by wider reform of the devolution as it relates to Wales.
    [Show full text]
  • The Barnett Formula Under the Smith Reforms
    University of Strathclyde | Fraser of Allander Institute Economic Commentary: 38(3) Economic perspectives The Barnett formula under the Smith Reforms Jim Cuthbert Abstract: With the implementation of the Smith Commission reforms, there will be abatements to the Scottish government’s block grant as calculated by the Barnett formula, to allow for the tax revenues which Westminster will forego. The income tax abatement will be increased through time in an arrangement known as Holtham indexation. The purpose of this paper is to model these new fiscal arrangements. The modelling implies that, other than in an unlikely special case, the system cannot run on indefinitely with fixed parameter values, without reaching relative values of per capita public expenditure in Scotland and England which would be politically unacceptable. Moreover, there is a likelihood of adverse dynamic effects which would further destabilise the system. The paper also puts forward an adjustment to the original form of Holtham indexation, to take account of relative population growth. While not answering every problem, this adjustment has strong equity arguments in its favour, and would also significantly stabilise the system. It is particularly important that the implications of this type of modelling should be taken on board by policy makers and parliamentarians just now, when the detailed legislative and other arrangements for implementing the Smith reforms are about to be finalised. I Introduction An earlier paper in the Fraser of Allander Commentary, (Cuthbert, 2001), modelled the way in which relative population change between England and Scotland interacted with the Barnett formula. It was shown there how relative population growth in England compared to Scotland could have a very marked effect on the limiting ratio of per capita public expenditure between England and Scotland, and on the trajectory towards that limit.
    [Show full text]
  • Designing and Funding the Devolved Nations' Policy Response to COVID-19
    Designing and funding the devolved nations’ policy responses to COVID-19 April 2021 About the authors David Bell is Professor of Economics at the University of Stirling and a Fellow of the Centre on Constitutional Change David Eiser is Senior Knowledge Exchange Fellow at the Fraser of Allander Institute, Strathclyde Business School David Phillips is Associate Director at the Institute for Fiscal Studies This project is funded by the Economic and Social Research Council as part of UK Research and Innovation’s rapid response to COVID-19, grant reference ES/W00173X/1. Funding the devolved nations’ responses to Covid-19 Contents Summary .................................................................................................................................................. i 1. Introduction .................................................................................................................................... 1 2. Designing and funding the response to the COVID-19 pandemic in the devolved nations......... 2 2.1 Devolved and reserved policy responsibilities .................................................................... 2 2.2 The funding of the devolved governments: the Barnett Formula ...................................... 3 2.3 The move to funding guarantees ........................................................................................ 3 2.4 Differential spending needs ................................................................................................ 5 2.5 Funding flexibilities and borrowing
    [Show full text]
  • History of UK Devolution and Local Government
    History of UK Devolution and Local Government This piece is a companion paper to the Legatum Institute’s report ‘All politics is local’: Strengthening communities, transforming people’s lives. Alongside ‘All politics is local’, it provides a contextual background to the evolution of local government in the UK, particularly the limitations of devolution and localism. This piece takes us through the history of UK devolution in six stages, from pre-20th century to the present day, with an additional focus on the Greater Manchester and West Midlands Combined Authorities. The balance between central and local government Post-WW2 has gone through several stages over the last century, The 20th century saw a move away from council with a sustained period of centralisation now being autonomy. New experiments in social services, such followed by devolution. While this has had a profound as free school meals and public housing, became impact on governance in the United Kingdom, the mandatory nationwide. The wave of nationalisations picture is unfinished. after 1945 led to a further transfer of power to central government.2 Nearly all major local government services Pre-20th Century became grant-aided, as local government turned into a Historically, the country was composed of counties, delivery arm of the national public services.3 Overall, the parishes, boroughs, and towns. Local councils expanded 20th century saw local government turn from ad hoc as industrialisation and population pressures forced the administrations to a more organised array of councils, creation of urban and rural administrations. Under the ultimately focused on the delivery of national services.
    [Show full text]
  • Funding Devolved Government in Wales: Barnett & Beyond
    Y Comisiwn Annibynnol ar Independent Commission on Ariannu a Chyllid i Gymru Funding & Finance for Wales First report Funding devolved government in Wales: Barnett & beyond full text July 2009 ISBN 978 0 7504 5165 9 © Crown copyright July 2009 CMK-22-03-173 E0180910 Independent Commission on Funding & Finance for Wales Content Preface 1 Chapter 1: Scope of the report and principles for reform 3 Overview 3 Background 3 Context 4 Approach to the terms of reference 5 Options for change: block grants and taxation 6 Options for change: borrowing 10 Principles for reform 10 Summary 11 Chapter 2: The impact of the Barnett Formula on Wales 13 Overview 13 The origins of the Barnett Formula 13 The Welsh block grant 14 Description of the Barnett Formula 16 Scope of the Barnett Formula 17 Public expenditure trends across the UK 19 Convergence in spending: the Barnett “squeeze” 21 The impact of changes in population 24 Other factors: budgetary changes, devolution of new functions and extra-Barnett funding 25 Likely scale of the future squeeze: projections 26 Summary 27 Chapter 3: Assessment of the Barnett Formula against the principles for reform 29 Overview 29 Assessing the principles 29 Summary 33 Chapter 4: Assessing the relative needs of Wales 35 Overview 35 Indicators of need: our approach 35 Demographics 35 Cost 37 Deprivation 39 Applying English needs criteria to Wales: rationale 46 Applying English needs criteria to Wales: methodology and results 46 Summary 54 Independent Commission on Funding & Finance for Wales Chapter 5: Operational issues
    [Show full text]
  • A Background Paper on the Barnett Formula
    Research and Library Services Northern Ireland Assembly Research Paper 12/01 September 2001 A BACKGROUND PAPER ON THE BARNETT FORMULA This research paper provides background information that is essential to understanding the Barnett Formula and it’s implications throughout the United Kingdom, particularly in Northern Ireland. Research Papers are compiled for the benefit of Members of the Assembly and their personal staff. Authors are available to discuss the contents of these papers with Members and their staff but cannot advise members of the general public. Northern Ireland Assembly, Research and Library Service SUMMARY OF KEY POINTS • This research paper was prepared for the Committee of Finance and Personnel (the Committee) to provide background information on the Barnett Formula. • The “Barnett Formula” is a non-statutory mechanism used by central government in the United Kingdom (UK) to apportion public expenditure changes to Northern Ireland, Scotland and Wales: it is based on population, not need.1 Thus the Formula determines the change to the inherited level of spending for each devolved administration, namely the Northern Ireland Assembly, the Scottish Parliament and the National Assembly of Wales.2 • Three pieces of basic information appear essential to understanding the Formula and it’s implications. First, the Formula concerns the public expenditure category of devolved administrations’ total budgets that is set over three year periods, namely Departmental Expenditure Levels (DEL); specifically those items in DEL that are within the assigned budget of the UK central government, i.e. most programme spending, (e.g. health, education, housing). • Second, the Formula has been considered a robust mechanism for public expenditure allocation for 20 years, despite it’s apparent intended temporary use.
    [Show full text]
  • Unequal Shares: the Definitive Guide to the Barnett Formula
    UNEQUAL SHARES: THE DEFINITIVE GUIDE TO THE BARNETT FORMULA Mike Denham www.taxpayersalliance.com Contents Executive Summary 3 1. The Barnett precursor: Scotland’s Goschen bonus 5 2. The Barnett Formula in action 8 3. How the Barnett Formula failed to close the public spending gap 9 4. North Sea oil has not funded the Scottish spending gap 13 5. Why Barnett failed 15 6. Options for reform 17 7. The real problem – too much tax centralisation 19 About the author Mike Denham is a former Treasury economist who worked extensively on public spending and fiscal analysis during the 1970s and early 1980s. His work included cost benefit appraisal of public projects, analysis of public sector cost inflation and value for money studies. For the next 20 years he worked in the City as an investment manager, closely following fiscal and monetary policy developments. Now semi-retired, he scrutinises public spending on his blog, Burning Our Money. 43 Old Queen Street, London SW1H 9JA www.taxpayersalliance.com 2 0845 330 9554 (office hours) 07795 084 113 (media – 24 hours) Executive Summary In the last week, the allocation of money between England and Scotland has hit the headlines following plans by the Scottish National Party to abolish council tax in Scotland and replace it with a local income tax. In response, Gordon Brown said in his speech to CBI Scotland that the Calman Commission, set up to review devolution, will specifically investigate the financial accountability of the Scottish Parliament. But funding disputes between Westminster and the devolved regions of the UK have a much longer history.
    [Show full text]
  • Fiscal Framework
    The agreement between the Welsh Government and the United Kingdom Government on the Welsh Government’s fiscal framework December 2016 © Crown copyright 2016 This publication is licensed under the terms of the Open Government Licence v3.0 except where otherwise stated. To view this licence, visit nationalarchives.gov.uk/doc/open-government-licence/version/3 or write to the Information Policy Team, The National Archives, Kew, London TW9 4DU, or email: [email protected]. Where we have identified any third party copyright information you will need to obtain permission from the copyright holders concerned. This publication is available at www.gov.uk/government/publications Any enquiries regarding this publication should be sent to us at [email protected] PU2027 Foreword This agreement represents a significant milestone for Wales. Following the recommendations of the Commission on Devolution in Wales (Silk Commission), the Wales Act 2014 provided the legislative framework to devolve tax and borrowing powers to the National Assembly for Wales and the Welsh Government. These powers provide the Welsh Government with further tools to grow the Welsh economy and to vary the level of tax and spending in Wales, thereby increasing its accountability to the people of Wales. This agreement will enable the powers in the Wales Act 2014 – and any further powers devolved under the current Wales Bill – to be implemented. In particular, it will support the devolution of stamp duty land tax and landfill tax, and the creation of Welsh rates of income tax (subject to the enactment of the Wales Bill currently before Parliament).
    [Show full text]
  • Fiscal Federalism in the UK
    1 December 2015 Fiscal Federalism in the UK Michael Lloyd 2 This pamphlet is published by the Federal Trust whose aim is to enlighten public debate on issues arising from the interaction of national, European and global levels of government. It does this in the light of its statutes which state that it shall promote ‘studies in the principles of international relations, international justice and supranational government.’ Up-to-date information about the Federal Trust can be found on the internet at: www.fedtrust.co.uk, or you can follow us on Twitter (@FedTrust) and Facebook (www.facebook.com/fedtrust). This pamphlet is published as a contribution to public debate. It should not be assumed that it or similar pamphlets in the future necessarily represent the collective view of the Federal Trust. © Federal Trust for Education and Research 2015 ISBN 978-1-903403-98-3 The Federal Trust is a Registered Charity No. 272241 84 Moorgate London EC2M 6SQ United Kingdom Company Limited by Guarantee No.1269848 Design by Fred Fieber 3 Fiscal Federalism in the UK Michael Lloyd 4 About the author Michael Lloyd has considerable professional and commercial experience as an economist. After leaving Cambridge University, Michael spent three years as an Economist at the TUC. From 1973 to 1980 he was a European Commission Official, principally based in the UK. He left in 1981 to become Director of International Affairs at British Shipbuilders. From 1984 until 1997 he ran an economic consultancy company concerned with European economic and technology consultancy to private and public organisations. He was Economic Adviser to the European Parliament on economic and monetary union during 1997/1998 and subsequently became Director of AMRIE (Alliance of Maritime Regional Interests in Europe), working on a number of European RTD projects, before retiring as Director in May 2008 to concentrate on his economic research and consultancy work.
    [Show full text]