Plant Life Cycles Handout: the Alternation of Generations

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Plant Life Cycles Handout: The Alternation of Generations Plants alternate between two distinct phases throughout their life cycle: the diploid sporophyte and the haploid gametophyte. The sporophyte produces sporangia, which undergo meiosis to produce spores (which are haploid) – remember that this is very different from animals!. These spores germinate and become the gametophyte. The gametophyte produces gametangia (gamete-producing structures) that undergo mitosis to produce gametes: antheridia produce sperm, and archegonia produce eggs. When the sperm and egg meet, fertilization occurs, and a zygote (diploid) is formed. This grows into the mature sporophyte, completing the life cycle. Definitions: Haploid: Possessing only a half complement (1 set) of chromosomes. Diploid: Possessing a full complement of 2 sets of chromosomes. Sporophyte: Diploid (2n), spore-producing phase Gametophyte: Haploid (1n), gamete-producing phase Sporangium: Spore-producing structure contained on the sporophyte. Gametangium: Gamete-producing structure contained on the gametophyte. Antheridium: Gametangium that produces sperm. Archegonium: Gametangium that produces eggs. Sporogenesis: Production of spores. Gametogenesis: Production of gametes. Meiotic sporogenesis: Production of spores via meiosis. Mitotic gametogenesis: Production of gametes via mitosis. Syngamy: Fusion of two gametes. In primitive life-cycles, gametes may not be divided into sperm and egg, but simply gamete 1 and gamete 2. Fertilization: Fusion of sperm and egg. Zygote: Diploid cell resulting from the fusion of egg and sperm. Grows into mature sporophyte. Zoospore: Motile spores found in some algal lineages (as well as oomycetes and some other groups). .

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