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Home , Elwha River, Glines Canyon Dam, Lake Aldwell, Lake Mills (Washington)

Restoration — Information Resources and Bibliography

Compiled by Jeff Duda, U.S. Geological Survey, [email protected]

Current as of 4/9/2019

1Photo: Eliza Goode, NPS Peer-reviewed publications documenting the ecosystem prior to removal

Acker, S.A., T.J. Beechie, and P.B. Shafroth. 2008. Effects of a natural dam-break flood on geomorphology and vegetation on the Elwha River, , USA. Northwest Science 82 (Special Issue):210-223. Brenkman, S.J., G.R. Pess, C.E. Torgersen, K.K. Kloehn, J.J. Duda, and S.C. Corbett. 2008. Predicting recolonization patterns and interactions between potamodromous and anadromous salmonids in response to in the Elwha River, Washington State, USA. Northwest Science 82 (Special Issue):91-106. Brenkman, S.J., Mumford, S.L., House, M. and Patterson, C. 2008. Establishing baseline information on the geographic distribution of fish pathogens endemic in Pacific salmonids prior to dam removal and subsequent recolonization by anadromous fish in the Elwha River, Washington. Northwest Science 82(Special Issue):142-152. Brenkman, S.J., J.J. Duda, C.E. Torgersen, E. Welty, G. Pess, R. Peters, and M. McHenry. 2012. A riverscape perspective on distributions and abundances of Pacific Salmonids in Washington State's Elwha River prior to large-scale dam removal and ecosystem restoration. Fisheries Management and Ecology 19:36-53. Brown, R.L. and Chenoweth, J., 2008. The effect of on hydrochorous seed dispersal in the Elwha River. Northwest Science 82(Special Issue):197-209. Burke, B.J., Frick, K.E., Moses, R.E. and McHenry, M.L., 2008. Movements by adult in the lower Elwha River, Washington. Northwest Science 82(Special Issue):119-127. Buscombe D., D.M. Rubin, and J.A. Warrick. 2010. Universal measure of mean grain size from images of non-cohesive sediment. Journal of Geophysical Research- Earth Surface 115:F02015. Cavaliere, E. and P. Homann. 2012. Elwha River sediments: phosphorus characterization and dynamics under diverse environmental conditions. Northwest Science 86:95-107. Coe, H.J., P.M. Kiffney, G.R. Pess, K.K. Kloehn, and M.L. McHenry. 2009. Periphyton and invertebrate response to wood placement in large Pacific coastal rivers. River Research and Applications 25:1025-1035. Coe, H.J., Kiffney, P.M. and Pess, G.R., 2006. A comparison of methods to evaluate the response of periphyton and invertebrates to wood placement in large Pacific coastal rivers. Northwest Science 80:298-307. Connolly, P.J. and S.J. Brenkman. 2008. Fish assemblage, density, and growth in lateral habitats within natural and regulated sections of Washington's Elwha River prior to dam removal. Northwest Science 82(Special Issue):107-118.

Elwha River Bibliography 2 | P a g e Cook, K.L., W.W. Wallender, C.S. Bledsoe, G. Pasternack, and S.K. Upadhyaya. 2009. Effects of native plant species, mycorrhizal inoculum, and mulch on restoration of reservoir sediment following dam removal, Elwha River, , Washington. Restoration Ecology 19:251-260. DeHaan, P.W., S.J. Brenkman, B. Adams, and P. Crain. 2011. Genetic population structure of Olympic Peninsula bull populations and implications for removal. Northwest Science 85:463-475. Draut, A.E., J.B. Logan, and M.C. Mastin. 2011. Channel evolution in the dammed Elwha River, Washington. Geomorphology 127:71-87. Duda, J.J., J.E. Freilich, and E.G. Schreiner. 2008. Baseline studies in the Elwha River ecosystem prior to dam removal: introduction to the special issue. Northwest Science 82(Special Issue):1-12. Duda, J.J., S. Morley, H. Coe, K. Kloehn, M. McHenry. 2011. Establishing spatial trends in water chemistry and stable isotopes (δ15N and δ13C) in the Elwha River prior to dam removal and salmon recolonization. River Research and Applications 27:1169-1181. Gelarden, C.J. and J.F. McLaughlin. 2013. Forecasting avian responses to Elwha River restoration. Ecological Restoration 31:31-45. Hansen, A.G., J.R. Gardner, D.A. Beauchamp, R. Paradis, and T.P. Quinn. 2016. Recovery of in the Elwha River, Washington, after dam removal: dependence of smolt production on the resumption of anadromy by landlocked kokanee. Transactions of the American Fisheries Society 145:1303-1317. Jenkins, K.J., N.D. Chelgren, K.A. Sager‐Fradkin, P.J. Happe and M.J. Adams. 2015. Occupancy patterns of mammals and lentic amphibians in the Elwha River riparian zone before dam removal. River Research and Applications 31:193-206. Konrad, C.P., 2009. Simulating the recovery of suspended sediment transport and river-bed stability in response to dam removal on the Elwha River, Washington. Ecological Engineering 35:1104-1115. Kloehn K.K., T.J. Beechie, S.A. Morley, H.J. Coe, and J.J. Duda, 2008. Influence of on river- floodplain dynamics in the Elwha River, Washington. Northwest Science 82 (Special Issue):224-235. Masteller, C.C., N.J. Finnegan, J.A. Warrick, and I.M. Miller. 2015. Kelp, cobbles, and currents: Biologic reduction of coarse grain entrainment stress. Geology 43:543-546. McHenry, M.L. and G.R. Pess. 2008. An overview of monitoring options for assessing the response of salmonids and their aquatic ecosystems in the Elwha River following dam removal. Northwest Science 82(Special Issue):29-47. McLaughlin, J.F., 2013. Engaging birds in vegetation restoration after Elwha dam removal. Ecological Restoration 31:46-56.

Elwha River Bibliography 3 | P a g e Michel, J.T., J.M. Helfield and D.U. Hooper. 2011. Seed rain and revegetation of exposed substrates following dam removal on the Elwha River. Northwest Science 85:15-29. Miller, I.M., and J.A. Warrick. 2012. Measuring sediment transport and bed disturbance with tracers on a mixed beach. Marine Geology 299-302:1-17. Miller, I.M., J.A. Warrick, and C. Morgan. 2011. Observations of coarse sediment movements on the mixed beach of the Elwha Delta, Washington. Marine Geology 282:201-214. Morley, S.A., J.J. Duda, H.J. Coe, K.K. Kloehn, and M.L. McHenry. 2008. Benthic invertebrates and periphyton in the Elwha River Basin: current conditions and predicted response to dam removal. Northwest Science 82 (Special Issue):179-196. Morley, S.A., H.J. Coe, J.J. Duda, L.S. Dunphy M.L. McHenry, B.R. Beckman, M. Elofson, E.M. Sampson, and L. Ward. 2016. Seasonal variation exceeds effects of salmon carcass additions on benthic foodwebs in the Elwha River. Ecosphere 7(8), article e01422. DOI: 10.1002/ecs2.1422. Mussman, E.K., D. Zabowski, and S.A. Acker. 2008. Predicting secondary reservoir sediment erosion and stabilization following dam removal. Northwest Science 82(Special Issue):236- 245. Parks, D., A. Shaffer, and D. Berry. 2013. Nearshore drift-cell sediment processes and ecological function for forage fish: implications for ecological restoration of impaired marine ecosystems. Journal of Coastal Research 29:984-997. Perry, L.G., P.B. Shafroth, and S.S. Perakis. 2017. Riparian soil development linked to forest succession above and below dams along the Elwha River, Washington, USA. Ecosystems 20:104-129. doi:10.1007/s10021-016-0080-1. Pess, G.R., M.L. McHenry, T.J. Beechie, and J. Davies. 2008. Biological impacts of the Elwha River dams and potential salmonid responses to dam removal. Northwest Science 82(Special Issue):72-90. Pess, G.R., Liermann, M.C., McHenry, M.L., Peters, R.J. and Bennett, T.R., 2012. Juvenile salmon response to the placement of engineered log jams (ELJs) in the Elwha River, Washington State, USA. River Research and Applications, 28:872-881. Quinn, T.P., N. Harris, J.A. Shaffer, C. Byrnes and P. Crain. 2013. Juvenile Coho salmon in the Elwha River estuary prior to dam removal: Seasonal occupancy, size distribution, and comparison to nearby Salt Creek. Transactions of the American Fisheries Society 142:1058- 1066. Quinn, T.P., J.A. Shaffer, J. Brown, N. Harris, C. Byrnes, and P. Crain. 2014. Juvenile , tshawytscha, use of the Elwha river estuary prior to dam removal. Environmental Biology of Fishes 97:731-740.

Elwha River Bibliography 4 | P a g e Quinn, T.P., M.H. Bond, and H.B. Berge. 2015. Use of egg size differences in anadromous (sockeye salmon) and non-anadromous (kokanee) forms of Onchrhynchus nerka to infer ancestral origins of a landlocked population. Ecological Restoration 30:547-554. Reisenbichler. R.R., and S.R. Phelps. 1989. Genetic variation in steelhead trout (Salmo gairdneri) from the North Coast of Washington State. Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences 46:66-73. Rich, S.L., J.A. Shaffer, M.J. Fix, and J.O. Dawson. 2014. Restoration considerations of large woody debris in the Elwha River nearshore, Olympic Peninsula, Washington. Ecological Restoration 32:306-313. Sager-Fradkin, K.A., K.J. Jenkins, P.J. Happe, J.J. Beecham, R.G. Wright, and R.A. Hoffman. 2008. Space and habitat use by black bears in the Elwha Valley prior to dam removal. Northwest Science 82(Special Issue):164-178. Shaffer, J.A., P. Crain, B. Winter, M.L. McHenry, C. Lear, and T.J. Randle. 2008. Nearshore restoration of the Elwha River through removal of the Elwha and Glines Canyon dams: an overview. Northwest Science 82(Special Issue):48-58. Shaffer J.A., M. Beirne, T. Ritchie, R. Paradis, D. Barry, and P. Crain. 2009. Fish habitat use in response to anthropogenic induced changes of physical processes in the Elwha estuary, Washington, USA. Hydrobiologia 636:179–190. Shafroth, P.B., L.G. Perry, C.A. Rose, and J.H. Braatne. 2016. Effects of dams and geomorphic context on riparian forests of the Elwha River, Washington. Ecosphere 7(12): e01621. DOI: 10.1002/ecs2.1621. Thorton, E.J., J.J. Duda, and T.P. Quinn. 2016. Influence of species, size, and relative abundance on the outcomes of competitive interactions between brook trout and juvenile coho salmon. Ethology, Ecology, and Evolution 29:157-169. DOI: 10.1080/03949370.2015.1125393. Warrick, J.A., and A.W. Stevens. 2011. A buoyant plume adjacent to a headland - observations of the Elwha River plume. Continental Shelf Research 31:85-97. Warrick, J.A., D.A. George, G. Gelfenbaum, G. Kaminsky, and M. Beirne. 2009. Beach morphology and change along the mixed grain-size delta of the Elwha River, Washington. Geomorphology 111:136-148. Warrick J.A., D.M. Rubin, P. Ruggiero, J. Harney, A.E. Draut, and D. Buscombe. 2009. Cobble Cam: Grain-size measurements of sand to boulder from digital photographs and autocorrelation analyses. Earth Surface Processes and Landforms 34:1811-1821. Warrick, J.A., G.R. Cochrane, Y. Sagy, and G. Gelfenbaum. 2008. Nearshore substrate and morphology offshore of the Elwha River, Washington. Northwest Science 82 (Special Issue):153-163. Winans, G.A., M.L. McHenry, J. Baker, A. Elz, A. Goodbla, E. Iwamoto, D. Kuligowski, K.M. Miller, M.P. Small, P. Spruell, and D. Van Doornik. 2008. Genetic inventory of anadromous

Elwha River Bibliography 5 | P a g e Pacific salmonids of the Elwha River prior to dam removal. Northwest Science 82(Special Issue):128-141. Winans, G.A., J. Baker, M. McHenry, L. Ward, and J. Myers. 2017. Genetic characterization of Oncorhynchus mykiss prior to dam removal with implications for recolonization of the Elwha River watershed, Washington. Transactions of the American Fisheries Society 146:160-172. Winter, B.D. and Crain, P., 2008. Making the case for ecosystem restoration by dam removal in the Elwha River, Washington. Northwest Science 82(Special Issue):13-28. Woodward, A., E.G. Schreiner, P. Crain, S.J. Brenkman, P.J. Happe, S.A. Acker, and C. Hawkins- Hoffman., 2008. Conceptual models for research and monitoring of Elwha dam removal- management perspective. Northwest Science 82(Special Issue):59-71. Wunderlich, R.C., B.D. Winter, and J.H. Meyer. 1994. Restoration of the Elwha River ecosystem. Fisheries 19(8):11-19.

Peer-reviewed publications documenting ecosystem response to dam removal Cubley, E.S. and R.L. Brown. 2016. Restoration of hydrochory following dam removal on the Elwha River, Washington. River Research and Applications. DOI: 10.1002/rra.2999 Cortese, A.M. and R.A. Bunn. 2017. Availability and function of arbuscular mycorrhizal and ectomycorrhizal fungi during revegetation of dewatered reservoirs left after dam removal. Restoration Ecology 25:63-71. Draut, A.E. and A.C. Ritchie. 2015. Sedimentology of new fluvial deposits on the Elwha River, Washington, USA, formed during large‐scale dam removal. River Research and Applications 31:42-61. East, A.E., G.R. Pess, J.A. Bountry, C.S. Magirl, A.C. Ritchie, J.B. Logan, T.J. Randle, M.C. Mastin, J.T. Minear, J.J. Duda, M.C. Liermann, M.L. McHenry, T.J. Beechie, and P.B. Shafroth. 2015. Large-scale dam removal on the Elwha River, Washington, USA: River channel and floodplain geomorphic change. Geomorphology 228:765-786. doi:10.1016/j.geomorph.2014.08.028. East, A.E., J.B. Logan, M.C. Mastin, A.C. Ritchie, J.A. Bountry, C.S. Magirl, and J.B. Sankey. 2018. Geomorphic evolution of a gravel-bed river under sediment-starved versus sediment-rich conditions: river response to the world’s largest dam removal. Journal of Geophysical Research: Earth Surface 123:3338-3369. Eidam, E.F., A.S. Ogston, C.A. Nittrouer, and J.A. Warrick. 2016. Tidally dominated sediment dispersal offshore of a small mountainous river: Elwha River, Washington State. Continental Shelf Research. doi:10.1016/j.csr.2016.01.009

Elwha River Bibliography 6 | P a g e Foley, M.M., J.J. Duda, M. Beirne, R. Paradis, and J.A. Warrick. 2015. Rapid physical change in the Elwha River estuary complex during dam decommissioning. Limnology and Oceanography. 60:1719-1732. DOI: 10.1002/lno.10129. Foley, M.M., J. A. Warrick, A. Ritchie, A.W. Stevens, P.B. Shafroth, M.M. Beirne, R. Paradis, J.J. Duda, G. Gelfenbaum, R. McCoy, and E.S. Cubley. 2017. Coastal habitat and biological community response to dam removal on the Elwha River. Ecological Monographs 87:552- 577. IP-078342. DOI: 10.1002/ecm.1268. Foley, M.M., and J.A. Warrick. 2017. Ephemeral seafloor sedimentation during dam removal: Elwha River, Washington. Continental Shelf Research 150:36-47. doi:10.1016/j.csr.2017.09.005. Gelfenbaum, G., A.W. Stevens, I.M. Miller, J.A. Warrick, A.S. Ogston, and E. Eidam. 2015. Large- scale dam removal on the Elwha River, Washington, USA: Coastal geomorphic change. Geomorphology 228:649-688. Hilldale, R.C., W.O. Carpenter, B. Goodwiller, J.P. Chambers and T.J. Randle. 2014. Installation of impact plates to continuously measure bed load: Elwha River, Washington, USA. Journal of Hydraulic Engineering 141(3), p.06014023. Liermann, M., G. Pess, M. McHenry, J. McMillan, M. Elofson, T. Bennett, and R. Moses. 2017. Relocation and recolonization of coho salmon Oncorhynchus kisutch in two tributaries to the Elwha River: implications for management and Monitoring. Transactions of the American Fisheries Society 146:955-966. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00028487.2017.1317664 Magirl, C.S., R.C. Hilldale, C.A. Curran, J.J. Duda, T.D. Straub, M. Domanski, and J.R. Foreman. 2015. Large-scale dam removal on the Elwha River, Washington, USA: Fluvial sediment load. Geomorphology 246:669-686. doi:10.1016/j.geomorph.2014.12.032. McCaffery, R., J. McLaughlin, K. Sager-Fradkin, and K.J. Jenkins. 2018. Terrestrial fauna are agents and endpoints in ecosystem restoration following dam removal. Ecological Restoration 36:97-107. McMillan, J.R., G.R. Pess, M. Liermann, S.A. Morley, M.L. McHenry, L.A. Campbell, and T.P. Quinn. 2015. Using Redd Attributes, Fry Density, and Otolith Microchemistry to Distinguish the Presence of Steelhead and in the Elwha River Dam Removal Project. North American Journal of Fisheries Management, 35(5), pp.1019-1033. McMillan, J.R., R. Pess, G., McHenry, M.L., Moses, R. and Quinn, T.P., 2014. Documentation of unusual, fall spawning by coastal cutthroat trout in the Elwha River system, Washington. Transactions of the American Fisheries Society, 143(6), pp.1605-1611. Peters, R.J., M. Liermann, M.L. McHenry, P. Bakke, and G.R. Pess. 2017. Changes in streambed composition in salmonid spawning habitat of the Elwha River during dam removal. Journal of the American Water Resources Association 53:871-885. Prach, K., J. Chenoweth, and R. del Moral. 2018. Spontaneous and assisted restoration of vegetation on the bottom of a former water reservoir, the Elwha River, , WA, U.S.A. 2018. Restoration Ecology Doi:10.1111/rec.12915.

Elwha River Bibliography 7 | P a g e Quinn, T.P., M.H. Bond, S.J. Brenkman, R. Paradis, and R.J. Peters. 2017. Re-awakening dormant life history variation: stable isotopes indicate anadromy in following dam removal on the Elwha River, Washington. Environmental Biology of Fishes doi:10.1007/s10641-017- 0676-0. Randle, T.J., J.A. Bountry, A. Ritchie and K. Wille. 2015. Large-scale dam removal on the Elwha River, Washington, USA: erosion of reservoir sediment. Geomorphology 246:709-728. Ritchie, A.C., J.A. Warrick, A.E. East, C.S. Magirl, A.W. Stevens, J.A. Bountry, T.J. Randle, C.A. Curran, R.C. Hilldale, J.J. Duda, I.M. Miller, G.R. Pess, M.M. Foley, R. McCoy, and A.S. Ogston. 2018. Morphodynamic evolution following sediment release from the world’s largest dam removal. Scientific Reports 8:13279. Rubin, S.P., I.M. Miller, M.M. Foley, H.D. Berry, J.J. Duda, B. Hudson, N.E. Elder, M.M. Beirne, J.A. Warrick, M.L. McHenry, A.W. Stevens, E.F. Eidam, A.S. Ogston, G. Gelfenbaum, and R. Pedersen. 2017. Increased sediment load during large-scale dam removal changes nearshore subtidal communities. PLoS ONE 12(12) e0187742. Shaffer, J.A., F. Juanes, T.P. Quinn, D. Parks, T. McBride, J. Michel, C. Naumann, M. Hocking, and C. Byrnes. 2017. Nearshore fish community response to large scale dam removal: implications for watershed restoration and management. Aquatic Sciences doi:10.1007/s00027-017-0526-3 Shaffer, J.A., E. Higgs, C. Walls, and F. Juanes. 2017. Large-scale dam removals and nearshore ecological restoration: lessons learned from the Elwha dam removals. Ecological Resoration 35:87-101. Stratton, L.E., and G.E. Grant. 2019. Autopsy of a reservoir: facies architecture in a multidam system, Elwha River, Washington, USA. GSA Bulletin. Tonra, C.M., K. Sager‐Fradkin, and P.P. Marra. 2016. Barriers to salmon migration impact body condition, offspring size, and life history variation in an avian consumer. Ecography. DOI: 10.1111/ecog.02014 Tonra, C.M., K. Sager-Fradkin, S.A. Morley, J.J. Duda, and P.P. Marra. 2015. The rapid return of marine derived nutrients to a freshwater food web following a century of damming. Biological Conservation 192:130-134. DOI: 10.1016/j.biocon.2015.09.009. Warrick, J.A., J.A. Bountry, A.E. East, C.S. Magirl, T.J. Randle, G. Gelfenbaum, G.R. Pess, V. Leung, and J.J. Duda.2015. Large-scale dam removal on the Elwha River, Washington, USA: Source-to-sink sediment budget and synthesis. Geomorphology 246:729-750. doi: 10.1016/j.geomorph.2015.01.010 Warrick, J.A., J.J. Duda, C.S. Magirl, and C.A. Curran. 2012. River turbidity and sediment loads during dam removal on the Elwha River, Washington, USA. EOS, Transactions of the American Geophysical Union 93:425-426.

Elwha River Bibliography 8 | P a g e Conference proceedings Bountry J.A., P. Crain, J. Chenoweth, T.J. Randle, and A. Ritchie. 2015. Role of adaptive sediment management in Elwha Dam removal in Proceedings of the 10th Federal Interagency Sedimentation Conference. Reno, NV, April. 2015:20-3. Brew, A.K., J.A. Morgan and P.A. Nelson. 2015. Bankfull width controls on riffle-pool morphology under conditions of increased sediment supply: Field observations during the Elwha River dam removal project in 3rd Joint Federal Interagency Conference on Sedimentation and Hydrologic Modeling, Reno, Nev. Draut, A.E., J.B. Logan, M.C. Mastin, and R.E. McCoy. 2010. Seasonal and decadal-scale channel evolution on the dammed Elwha River, Washington: Proceedings of the Joint Federal Interagency Conference, June 28-July 1, 2010, Las Vegas, NV. Eidam, E.F., A.S. Ogston, and C.A. Nittrouer. 2014. Gravity flow processes and deposits in a tidally dominated coastal environment. American Geophysical Union 47th Annual Meeting, San Francisco, December 16, 2014. Eidam, E.F., A.S. Ogston, and C.A. Nittrouer. 2014. Sediment dispersal and deposition on a submarine delta during dam removal: Elwha River, WA, 17th Biennial Ocean Sciences Meeting, Honolulu, February 25, 2014. Eidam, E.F., A.S. Ogston, and C.A. Nittrouer. 2012. Fine-grained sediment dispersal mechanisms and pathways on the subaqueous Elwha Delta during dam deconstruction. American Geophysical Union 45th Annual Meeting, San Francisco, December 3, 2012. Gelfenbaum G., A.W. Stevens, E. Elias, and J.A. Warrick, 2009. Modeling sediment transport and delta morphology on the dammed Elwha River, Washington State, USA. Proceedings of Coastal Dynamics 2009, Paper No. 109. Miller, I.M., A.S. Ogston, and J. Dolan. 2015. Sedimentology of intertidal deposits after dam removal on a coastal river. Proceedings of Coastal Sediments 2015. Ogston, A.S., E.F. Eidam, K.L. Webster, and R.P. Hale. 2016. Linking research and education: an undergraduate research apprenticeship focusing on geologic and ecological impacts of the Elwha River Restoration. 2016 Ocean Sciences Meeting, New Orleans, February 25, 2016. Randle, T.J., and J.A. Bountry. 2010. Elwha River restoration: sediment adaptive management. 2nd Joint Federal Interagency Conference, Las Vegas, NV. 27 June – July 1, 2010. Warrick, J.A., G. Gelfenbaum, A.W. Stevens, I.M. Miller, G.M. Kaminsky, and M.M. Foley. 2015. Coastal change from a massive sediment input: Dam Removal, Elwha River, Washington, USA. Proceedings of Coastal Sediments 2015. Theses and Dissertations Calimpong, C. 2014. Elwha River revegetation 2013: A plant performance study. M.S. Thesis, University of Washington, Seattle.

Elwha River Bibliography 9 | P a g e Cavaliere, E. 2010. Elwha River sediments: phosphorous dynamics under diverse environmental conditions. M.S. Thesis, Western Washington University, Bellingham. Chenoweth, J. 2007. Predicting seed germination in the sediments of after removal of the Glines Canyon Dam on the Elwha River. M.S. Thesis, University of Washington, Seattle. Citron, E.H. 2016. Black cottonwood (Populus trichocarpa) nutrition in the dewatered reservoir on the Elwha River, Washington. M.S. Thesis, Western Washington University, Bellingham. Clausen, A.J. 2012. Riparian understory dynamics and relationship to dams on the Elwha River, Washington. M.S. Thesis, Eastern Washington University, Cheney. Cortese, A. 2014. Mycorrhizal availability in the basin of Lake Mills and influence on colonization and growth of Salix scouleriana under drought stress. M.S. Thesis, Western Washington University, Bellingham. Cubley, E.S. 2015. Initial response of riparian vegetation to dam removal on the Elwha River, Washington. M.S. Thesis, Eastern Washington University, Cheney. De Rego, K.G. 2018. Decadal-scale evolution of the Elwha River downstream of Glines Canyon Dam: Perspectives from numerical modeling. PhD Dissertation, University of British Columbia, Vancouver. Egan, V.G. 2007. Restoring the Elwha: Salmon, dams, and people on the Olympic Peninsula, a case study of environmental decision-making. PhD Dissertation, Antioch University, New England. Eidam, E.F. 2017. Processes and records of coastal sediment dispersal in contrasting deltaic systems. PhD Dissertation, University of Washington, Seattle. Harguth, H.L. 2013. The Elwha River ecosystem restoration project: a case study of government-to- government co-management. M.S. Thesis, University of Washington. Johnson, P.R.S. 2013. Elwha: Value of a river. Managing risk in the Pacific Northwest. PhD Dissertation, Yale University, New Haven, CT Kane, W.R.H. 2018. Monitoring the influx of marine derived nutrients and characterizing soil foodwebs of riparian zones of the Elwha River watershed, WA, USA. M.S. Thesis, Eastern Washington University, Cheney, WA. Knapp, R.L. 2009. North American beaver (Castor canadensis) habitat use in the Olympic Peninsula’s Elwha Valley. M.S. Thesis, Western Washington University, Bellingham. McCormick, R. D. 1996. A water quality analysis of the Elwha River, WA, watershed prior to anadromous fisheries restoration. M.S. Thesis, Antioch University, Keene, NH. Michel, J.T. 2010. Seed rain and selected species germination and growth trials: implications for natural and augmented revegetation of post-dam Elwha River floodplain and reservoir sediments. M.S. Thesis, Western Washington University, Bellingham.

Elwha River Bibliography 10 | P a g e Miller, I.M. 2011. Mixed beach morphodynamics and shoreline evolution on the dammed Elwha River delta, Washington State, USA. PhD. Dissertation, University of California, Santa Cruz. Morgan, O.A. 2018. Vegetation community development after dam removal on the Elwha River. M.S. Thesis, Eastern Washington University, Cheney, WA. Nagid, B.M. 2015. Historical shoreline evolution as a response to dam placement on the Elwha River, Washington. M.S. Thesis, University of California, Santa Cruz. Nabors, T. 2008. Surf smelt spawning in the Central , including the Elwha nearshore and comparative sites. Ph.D dissertation, Western Washington University, Bellingham. Thomas, C.C. 2018. Riparian vegetation and the soil seed bank five years after dam removal on the Elwha River, Washington. M.S. Thesis, Eastern Washington University, Cheney. Thornton E.E. 2015. Competition between non-native brook trout and coho salmon in the Elwha River, WA during dam removal. M.S. Thesis, University of Washington, Seattle. Schuster, J.L., 2015. Vegetation colonization within exposed reservoirs following dam removal on the Elwha River, Washington. M.S. Thesis, Eastern Washington University, Cheney. Shaffer, J.A. 2017. Nearshore restoration associated with large dam removal and implications for ecosystem recovery and conservation of northeast Pacific fish: lessons from the Elwha dam removal. PhD. Dissertation, University of Victoria, British Columbia. Webster, K.L. 2014. Sediment dispersal and accumulation in an insular sea: deltas of . PhD. Dissertation, University of Washington. Wing, S., 2014. Reservoir sediment carbon along the Elwha River after removal of dams. M.S. Thesis, University of Washington Seattle. Technical reports Anderson, J., M. Mizell, M. Ackley, K. Mayer, M. Zimmerman and P. Crain. 2015. Elwha River weir project: 2013 operations and final summary report. Washington Department of Fish and Wildlife, Fish Science Division Report FPT 15-03, Olympia, WA. Chenoweth, J., S.A. Acker, M.L. McHenry. 2011. Revegetation and restoration plan for Lake Mills and Lake Aldwell. Olympic National Park and Lower Elwha Klallam Tribe. Childers, D., D.L. Kresch, S.A. Gustafson, T.J. Randle, J.T. Melena, and B. Cluer, 2000, Hydrologic data collected during the 1994 Lake Mills drawdown experiment, Elwha River, Washington. U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigation Report 99-4215. 39 pp. Clark, D., A. Bell, J. Sloan, M. Bauer, and S. Goplen. 2013. Aerial missions with small unmanned aircraft systems to monitor sediment flow and changing topography resulting from the removal of dams on the Elwha River. Technical Memorandum No. 86-68260-13-03, U.S. Bureau of Reclamation, Technical Service Center, Denver, CO.

Elwha River Bibliography 11 | P a g e Cochrane, G.R., J.A. Warrick, Y. Sagy, D. Finlayson, and J. Harney, 2008. Sea-floor mapping and benthic habitat GIS for the Elwha River delta nearshore, Washington. USGS Data Series 320. Corbett, S.C. and S.J. Brenkman. 2012. Two case studies from Washington’s Olympic Peninsula: Radio telemetry reveals bull trout anadromy and establishes baseline information prior to large-scale dam removal. Pages 207-220 in N.S. Adams, J.W. Beeman, and J.H. Eiler, editors. Telemetry Techniques: A Users Guide for Fisheries Research. American Fisheries Society, Bethesda, Maryland. 518 p Curran, C.A., C.P. Konrad, R. Dinehart, and E. Moran. 2008. Bank topography, bathymetry and current velocity in the Lower Elwha River, Clallam County, Lower Elwha, Washington, May 2006. USGS Data Series 363. Curran, C.A., C.P. Konrad, J.L. Higgins and M.K. Bryant. 2009. Estimates of sediment load prior to dam removal in the Elwha River, Clallam County, Washington. USGS Scientific Investigations Report 2009-5221, 28 p. Curran, C.A., C.S. Magirl, and J.J. Duda. 2013. Suspended-sediment concentration during dam decommissioning in the Elwha River, Washington. U.S. Geological Survey Data Set. Available online at http://wa.water.usgs.gov/pubs/misc/elwha/ssc. Curran, C.A., C.S. Magirl, and J.J. Duda. 2014. Suspended-sediment concentration during dam decommissioning in the Elwha River, Washington. U.S. Geological Survey Data Set. Available online at http://wa.water.usgs.gov/pubs/misc/elwha/ssc, doi:10.5066/F7M043DB. Czuba, C.R., T.J. Randle, J.A. Bountry, C.S. Magirl, C.P. Konrad, and C.P. Curran C.P. 2011, Anticipated Sediment Delivery to the Lower Elwha River Estuary During and Following Dam Removal, Chapter 2 in Duda, J.J., Magirl, C., and Warrick, J.A. (eds.), Coastal Habitats of the Elwha River: Biological and Physical Patterns and Processes Prior to Dam Removal: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2011-5120. - Chapter 2 Denton, K., M. McHenry, R. Moses, E. Ward, M. Liermann, O. Stefankiv, W. Wells, and G. Pess. 2014. 2014 Elwha River Chinook Escapement Estimate Based on DIDSON/ARIS Multi- Beam SONAR Data. Unpublished Report to Olympic National Park by the Lower Elwha Klallam Tribe under contract #P16PC00364. Denton, K., M. McHenry, R. Moses, E. Ward, O. Stefankiv, W. Wells, and G. Pess. 2014. 2014 Elwha River Steelhead Escapement Estimate Based on DIDSON/ARIS Multi-Beam SONAR Data. Unpublished Report to Olympic National Park by the Lower Elwha Klallam Tribe under contract #P13PC00296. Denton, K., M. McHenry, R. Moses, E. Ward, M. Liermann, O. Stefankiv, W. Wells, and G. Pess. 2015. 2015 Elwha River Chinook Escapement Estimate Based on DIDSON/ARIS Multi- Beam SONAR Data. Unpublished Report to Olympic National Park by the Lower Elwha Klallam Tribe under contract #P16PC0005.

Elwha River Bibliography 12 | P a g e Denton, K., M. McHenry, R. Moses, E. Ward, O. Stefankiv, W. Wells, and G. Pess. 2016. 2016 Elwha River Steelhead Escapement Estimate Based on DIDSON/ARIS Multi-Beam SONAR Data. Unpublished Report to Olympic National Park by the Lower Elwha Klallam Tribe under contract #P16PC0005. Denton, K., M. McHenry, R. Moses, E. Ward, O. Stefankiv, W. Wells, and G. Pess. 2018. 2017 Elwha River Steelhead Escapement Estimate Based on DIDSON/ARIS Multi-Beam SONAR Data. Unpublished Report to Olympic National Park by the Lower Elwha Klallam Tribe under contract #P16PC0005. Draut A.E., J.B. Logan, R.E. McCoy, M. McHenry, and J.A. Warrick. 2008. Channel evolution on the lower Elwha River, Washington, 1939–2006. USGS Scientific Investigations Report 2008-5127. 26 p. Duda, J.J., J.A. Warrick, and C.S. Magirl, 2011. The Coastal and Lower Elwha River Prior to Dam Removal: History, Status, and Defining Characteristics, Chapter 1 in J.J. Duda, J.A. Warrick, and C.S. Magirl (eds.), Coastal Habitats of the Elwha River: Biological and Physical Patterns and Processes Prior to Dam Removal. U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2011-5120. 264 p. Duda, J.J., M.M. Beirne, K. Larsen, D. Barry, K. Stenberg, and M.L. McHenry. 2011. Aquatic Ecology of the Elwha River Estuary Prior to Dam Removal, Chapter 7 in J.J. Duda, J.A. Warrick, and C.S. Magirl (eds.), Coastal Habitats of the Elwha River: Biological and Physical Patterns and Processes Prior to Dam Removal. U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2011-5120. 264 p. Finlayson, D.P., I.M. Miller, and J.A. Warrick. 2011. Bathymetry and acoustic backscatter—Elwha River delta, Washington: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2011-1226. Geffre, J., S. Brenkman, R. Peters, and P. Crain. 2016. Use of Radio Telemetry to Assess Adult Salmonid Movements and Upstream Passage at Former Elwha and Glines Canyon Dam Sites in 2014. , Olympic National Park, Port Angeles, WA. 36 p. Geffre, J., S. Brenkman, R. Peters, and P. Crain. 2017. Use of radio telemetry to assess adult salmonid movements and upstream passage at former Elwha and Glines Canyon dam sites in 2015 and 2016. Unpublished Report, Olympic National Park. Geffre, J., S. Brenkman, R. Peters, and P. Crain. 2018. Use of radio telemetry to assess adult salmonid movements and upstream passage at former Elwha and Glines Canyon dam sites from 2014 to 2017. National Park Service, Olympic National Park, Port Angeles, WA. 35 p. Gelfenbaum, G., J.J. Duda, and J.A. Warrick. 2011. Summary and anticipated response to Elwha River dam removal, Chapter 9 in J.J. Duda, J.A. Warrick, and C.S. Magirl (eds.), Coastal Habitats of the Elwha River: Biological and Physical Patterns and Processes Prior to Dam Removal. U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2011-5120. 264 p. Magirl, C.S., P.J. Connolly, B. Coffin, J.J. Duda, C.A. Curran, and A.E. Draut. 2010. Sediment management strategies associated with dam removal in the State of Washington. Proceedings of the Joint Federal Interagency Conference, June 28-July 1, 2010, Las Vegas, NV.

Elwha River Bibliography 13 | P a g e Magirl, C.S., C.A. Curran, R.W. Sheibley, J.A. Warrick, J.A. Czuba, C.R. Czuba, A.S. Gendaszek, P.B. Shafroth, J.J. Duda, and J.R. Foreman. 2011. Hydrology of the Lower Elwha River, Chapter 4 in J.J. Duda, J.A. Warrick, and C.S. Magirl (eds.), Coastal Habitats of the Elwha River: Biological and Physical Patterns and Processes Prior to Dam Removal. U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2011-5120. 264 p. McHenry, M., G. Pess, R. Moses, S. Brenkman, P. Crain, and J. Anderson. 2015. Spawning distribution of Chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha) in the Elwha River, Washington State during dam removal (2011-2014. Unpublished report to Olympic National Park. McHenry, M., M. Elofson, M. Liermann, and G. Pess. 2015. 2014 Elwha River smolt enumeration project report. Unpublished report to Olympic National Park. McHenry, M., M. Elofson, M. Liermann, and G. Pess. 2016. 2015 Elwha River smolt enumeration project report. Unpublished report to Olympic National Park. McHenry, M., M. Elofson, M. Liermann, T. Bennett, S. Corbett, and G. Pess. 2017. 2016 Elwha River smolt enumeration project report. Unpublished report to Olympic National Park. McHenry, M., M. Elofson, M. Liermann, T. Bennett, S. Corbett, and G. Pess. 2018. 2017 Elwha River smolt enumeration project report. Unpublished report to Olympic National Park. McHenry, M., G. Pess, R. Moses, S. Brenkman, P. Crain, H. Hugunin, and J. Anderson. 2016. Spawning distribution of Chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha) in the Elwha River, Washington State during dam removal from 2012-2015. Unpublished report to Olympic National Park. McHenry, M., G. Pess, J. Anderson, and H. Hugunin. 2017. Spatial distribution of Chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha) spawning in the Elwha River, Washington State during dam removal and early stages of recolonization (2012-2016). Unpublished report to Olympic National Park. McHenry, M., G. Pess, and J. Anderson. 2018. Spatial distribution of Chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha) spawning in the Elwha River, Washington State during dam removal and early stages of recolonization (2012-2017). Unpublished report to Olympic National Park. McHenry, M., J. McMillan, R. Moses, and G. Pess. 2018. Coho salmon relocations and redd surveys in the Elwha River 2011-2017: Summary Report. Unpublished report to Olympic National Park. McHenry, M. Elofson, M. Liermann, T. Bennett, S. Corbett, and G. Pess. 2018. 2017 Elwha River smolt enumeration project report. Summary Report. Unpublished report to Olympic National Park. McHenry, M.L., and J. Chenoweth. 2015. Revegetation of the former Mills reservoir on the Elwha River following dam removal: moving large wood by helicopter to assist revegetation efforts. Unpublished report to EPA/Puget Sound Partnership and the Salmon Recovery Funding Board.

Elwha River Bibliography 14 | P a g e McMillan, J.R., and R. Moses. 2012. Winter steelhead (Oncorhynchus mykiss) redd survey summary for middle Elwha River 2011/2012. Unpublished report, Elwha River Annual Reports NOAA/NWFSC, Lower Elwha Klallam Tribe, and Olympic National Park. McMillan, J.R., R. Moses, M. McHenry, G. Pess, M. Liermann, H. Hugunin, and P. Crain. 2013. Winter steelhead (Oncorhynchus mykiss) redd survey summary for middle Elwha River 2012/2013. Unpublished report, Elwha River Annual Reports NOAA/NWFSC, Lower Elwha Klallam Tribe, and Olympic National Park. McMillan, J.R., R. Moses, M. McHenry, K. Denton, G. Pess, H. Hugunin, and A. Geffre. 2014. Winter steelhead (Oncorhynchus mykiss) redd survey summary for middle Elwha River 2013/2014. Unpublished report, Elwha River Annual Reports NOAA/NWFSC, Lower Elwha Klallam Tribe, and Olympic National Park. McMillan, J.R., R. Moses, M. McHenry, G. Pess, and M. Liermann. 2018. Summary of 2017 winter steelhead (Oncorhynchus mykiss) surveys in the Elwha River. Unpublished report submitted by the Lower Elwha Klallam Natural Resources Department to the Olympic National Park. Moses, R., J.R. McMillan, G. Pess, M. McHenry, H. Hugunin, and P. Crain. 2015. Summary of coho salmon redd surveys in the middle Elwha River 2014/2015. Unpublished report, Elwha River Annual Reports NOAA/NWFSC, Lower Elwha Klallam Triber, and Olympic National Park. Munn, M. D., M. L. McHenry, and V. Sampson. 1996. Benthic macroinvertebrate communities in the Elwha River basin, 1994-95. Open File Report 96-588, U.S. Geological Survey, Tacoma, WA. Munn, M.D., R.W. Black, A.L. Haggland, M.A. Humling, and R.L. Huffman, 1999, An Assessment of Stream Habitat and Nutrients in the Elwha River Basin: Implications for Restoration, U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 98-4223. 38 p. Peters, R.J., J.J. Duda, G.R. Pess, M. Zimmerman, P. Crain, Z. Hughes, A. Wilson, M.C. Liermann, S.A. Morley, J.R. McMillan, K. Denton, D. Morrill, and K. Warheit. 2014. Guidelines for monitoring and adaptively managing Chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha) and steelhead (O. mykiss) restoration in the Elwha River. U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service Report, Washington Field Office, Lacey, WA. http://go.usa.gov/85XF. Peters, R.J., G.R. Pess, M.L. McHenry, P.D. Bakke, M. Elofson, and E. Sampson. 2015. Quantifying changes in streambed composition following the removal of the Elwha and Glines Canyon dams on the Elwha River. Unpublished U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service report to Olympic National Park. Rubin, S.P., I.M. Miller, N. Elder, R.R. Reisenbichler, and J.J. Duda. 2011. Nearshore Biological Communities Prior to Removal of the Elwha River Dams, Chapter 6 in J.J. Duda, J.A. Warrick, and C.S. Magirl (eds.), Coastal Habitats of the Elwha River: Biological and Physical Patterns and Processes Prior to Dam Removal. U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2011-5120. 264 p.

Elwha River Bibliography 15 | P a g e Shafroth, P.B., T.L. Fuentes, C. Pritekel, M. Beirne, and V.B. Beauchamp. 2011, Vegetation of the Elwha River Estuary, Chapter 8 in Duda, J.J., Magirl, C., and Warrick, J.A. (eds.), Coastal Habitats of the Elwha River: Biological and Physical Patterns and Processes Prior to Dam Removal: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2011-5120. 264 p. Warrick, J.A., A.E. Draut, M. McHenry, I.M. Miller, C. Magirl, M. Beirne, A.W. Stevens, and J.B. Logan. 2011, Geomorphology of the Elwha River and its Delta. Chapter 3 in Duda, J.J., Magirl, C., and Warrick, J.A. (eds.), Coastal Habitats of the Elwha River: Biological and Physical Patterns and Processes Prior to Dam Removal: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2011-5120.

Weinheimer, J., J. Anderson, R. Cooper, S. Williams, M. McHenry, P. Crain, S. Brenkman, and H. Hugunin. 2015. Age structure and hatchery fraction of Elwha River Chinook Salmon: 2014 carcass survey report. Washington Department of Fish and Wildlife, Fish Science Division Report FPA 15-05, Olympia, WA.

Weinheimer, J., J. Anderson, R. Cooper, S. Williams, M. McHenry, P. Crain, S. Brenkman, and H. Hugunin. 2016. Age structure and hatchery fraction of Elwha River Chinook Salmon: 2015 carcass survey report. Washington Department of Fish and Wildlife, Fish Science Division Report FPA 16-04, Olympia, WA.

Weinheimer, J., J. Anderson, R. Cooper, S. Williams, M. McHenry, P. Crain, S. Brenkman, and H. Hugunin. 2017. Age structure and hatchery fraction of Elwha River Chinook Salmon: 2016 carcass survey report. Washington Department of Fish and Wildlife, Fish Science Division Report FPA 17-05, Olympia, WA.

Weinheimer, J., J. Anderson, R. Cooper, S. Williams, M. McHenry, P. Crain, S. Brenkman, and H. Hugunin. 2018. Age structure and hatchery fraction of Elwha River Chinook Salmon: 2017 carcass survey report. Washington Department of Fish and Wildlife, Fish Science Division Report FPA 18-05, Olympia, WA.

Pre-project planning documents and studies Adams, C., R. Reisenbichler, and J. Meyer. 1999. Elwha River ecosystem restoration: potential effects and restoration methods - fisheries investigations. Final report to Olympic National Park, Part I. Inventory of Resident Fishes in the Upper Elwha River. Completed by the USGS Biological Resources Division pursuant to Subagreement No. 27 under Cooperative Agreement No. CA-9000-8-0007. Seattle, WA. Brannon, E. L., and W. K. Hershberger. 1984. Elwha River fall Chinook. In J.M. Walton and D.B. Houston (editors). Proceedings of the Olympic Wild Fish Conference, March 23-25, 1983. Peninsula College, Port Angeles, WA. Pp. 169-172.

Elwha River Bibliography 16 | P a g e BOR (Bureau of Reclamation). 1995. Alluvium distribution in Lake Mills, Glines Canyon Project and Lake Aldwell, Elwha Project, Washington. Elwha Technical Series PN-95-4, U.S. Department of the Interior, Bureau of Reclamation, Technical Service Center, Denver, CO. BOR (Bureau of Reclamation). 1996. Sediment analysis and modeling of the river erosion alternative. Elwha Technical Series PN-95-9, U.S. Department of the Interior, Bureau of Reclamation, Technical Service Center, Denver, CO. Chapman, D. W. 1981. Pristine production of anadromous salmonids – Elwha River. For the Bureau of Indian Affairs, Contract No. P00C14206447, Unpublished report on file at Lower Elwha Klallam Tribe, Port Angeles, WA. Department of the Interior (DOI), Department of Commerce, and the Lower Elwha S’Klallam Tribe. 1994. The Elwha report – restoration of the Elwha River ecosystem and native anadromous fisheries. A report to Congress submitted pursuant to Public Law 102-495, Port Angeles, WA. Department of the Interior (DOI). 1995. Elwha River ecosystem restoration, final environmental impact statement. NPS D-253A. Department of the Interior, National Park Service, Olympic National Park, Port Angeles, WA. Department of the Interior (DOI). 1996. Elwha River ecosystem restoration implementation, final environmental impact statement. NPS D-271A. Department of the Interior, National Park Service, Olympic National Park, Port Angeles, WA. Department of the Interior (DOI). 2005. Elwha River ecosystem restoration implementation, final supplement to the final environmental impact statement. NPS D-377A. Department of the Interior, National Park Service, Olympic National Park, Port Angeles, WA. Dilley, S. J., and R. C. Wunderlich. 1987. Steelhead smolt exit selection at Glines Canyon Dam. U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Fisheries Assistance Office, Olympia, WA. Dilley, S. J., and R. C. Wunderlich. 1990. Juvenile Chinook passage at Glines Canyon Dam, Elwha River 1989-1990. U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Fisheries Assistance Office, Olympia, WA. FERC (Federal Energy Regulatory Commission). 1993. Draft Staff Report, Glines Canyon (FERC No. 588) and Elwha (FERC No. 2683) Hydroelectric Projects, Washington. Federal Energy Regulatory Commission, Office of Hydropower Licensing, Washington, D.C. Glasgow, J. 2000. Upper extent of fish distribution and fish habitat in two relatively pristine Western Washington watersheds. TFW Report Number TFW-ISAG3-00-001. Prepared for CMER Committee and Washington Department of Natural Resources, Forest Practices Division under USFWS Agreement #13410-1121-10BT. Washington Department of Natural Resources, Olympia, WA. Hiss, J. 1995. Elwha River (Oncorhynchus keta): spawner survey and escapement estimate, 1994-1995. Prepared for Olympic National Park by the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Fisheries Assistance Office, Olympia, WA.

Elwha River Bibliography 17 | P a g e Hiss, J., and R. C. Wunderlich. 1994a. Salmonid availability and migration in the middle Elwha River system. Prepared for Olympic National Park by the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Fisheries Assistance Office, Olympia, WA. Hiss, J., and R. C. Wunderlich. 1994b. Status of kokanee salmon (Oncorhynchus nerka) in the basin and prospects for sockeye salmon restoration. Prepared for Olympic National Park by the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Fisheries Assistance Office, Olympia, WA. Hosey and Associates. 1987. Applicant’s 3-month report. Files with FERC August 28, 1987. Elwha Project and Glines Project, James River II, Inc. Unpublished report on file at Olympic National Park, Port Angeles, WA. Hosey and Associates. 1988a. Response to request for additional information of May 28, 1987, Volume 1 of 4, Elwha Project and Glines Project, James River II, Inc. Unpublished report on file at Olympic National Park, Port Angeles, WA. Hosey and Associates. 1988b. Response to request for additional information of May 28, 1987, Volume 2 of 4, Elwha Project and Glines Project, James River II, Inc. Unpublished report on file at Olympic National Park, Port Angeles, WA. Hosey and Associates. 1988c. Response to request for additional information of May 28, 1987, Volume 3 of 4, Elwha Project and Glines Project, James River II, Inc. Unpublished report on file at Olympic National Park, Port Angeles, WA. Hosey and Associates. 1990a. Response to October 23, 1989 request for additional information, item 1, wintering bald eagle survey final report, Elwha Project and Glines Project, James River II, Inc. Unpublished report on file at Olympic National Park, Port Angeles, WA. Hosey and Associates. 1990b. Response to October 23, 1989 request for additional information, item 2, HEP analysis and wildlife mitigation plan, Elwha Project and Glines Project, James River II, Inc. Unpublished report on file at Olympic National Park, Port Angeles, WA. Hosey and Associates. 1990c. Response to October 23, 1989 request for additional information, item 1, 1989 fish studies, Elwha Project and Glines Project, James River II, Inc. Unpublished report on file at Olympic National Park, Port Angeles, WA. Hosey and Associates. 1990d. Distribution and composition of sediments stored in Lake Aldwell and Lake Mills and sediment transport characteristics. Elwha Project and Glines Project, James River II, Inc. Unpublished report on file at Olympic National Park, Port Angeles, WA. Johnson, P. 1997. Historic assessment of Elwha River fisheries, Olympic National Park, Port Angeles, Washington. Unpublished report on file at Olympic National Park, Port Angeles, WA. Lane and Lane Associates. 1990. The conflict between Indian terminal fisheries and hydropower on the Elwha River. Prepared for the Elwha Klallam Tribe, Lower Elwha Indian Reservation, Washington. Unpublished report on file at Lower Elwha Klallam Tribe, Port Angeles, WA.

Elwha River Bibliography 18 | P a g e Loomis, J., 1996. Measuring the economic benefits of removing dams and restoring the Elwha River: results of a contingent valuation survey. Water Resources Research 32:441-447. Mausolf, R. G. 1975. Progress report on evaluation of Kamloops trout plants in Lake Mills, Olympic National Park. Olympic National Park Natural Science Study, reprint File No. 1171. Unpublished report on file at Olympic National Park, Port Angeles, WA. Meyer, P. A., R. Lichtkoppler, R. B.Hamilton, C. L. Borda, D. A. Harpman, and P. M. Engle. 1995. Elwha River Restoration Project: Economic Analysis. A report to the U.S. Bureau of Reclamation, the National Park Service, and Lower Elwha Klallam Tribe. Meyer Resources, Inc., Davis, CA. Unpublished report on file at Olympic National Park, Port Angeles, WA. Morrill, D. C., and M. L. McHenry. 1995. 1994 Elwha River fish community study. Lower Elwha Klallam Tribe Draft Technical Report, Port Angeles, Washington. Unpublished report on file at Olympic National Park, Port Angeles, WA. NPS (National Park Service). 2001. Director’s Order #12: Conservation Planning, Environmental Impact Analysis, and Decision-making. Unpublished report on file at Olympic National Park, Port Angeles, WA. Peters, R. J. 1996. Emigration of juvenile chum salmon in the Elwha River and implications for timing hatchery coho salmon releases. Prepared for Olympic National Park by the US FWS Western Fishery Resource Office, Olympia, WA. Phelps, S. R., J. M. Hiss, and R. J. Peters. 2001. Genetic relationships of Elwha River Oncorhynchus mykiss to hatchery-origin rainbow trout and Washington steelhead. Prepared for Olympic National Park by WDFW and USFWS, USFWS Western Washington Office, Lacey, WA. Randle, T.J., C.A. Young, J.T. Melena, and E.M. Ouellette. 1996. Sediment analysis and modeling of the river erosion alternative. Elwha Technical Series PN-95-9. U.S. Department of the Interior, Bureau of Reclamation and National Park Service, Denver, CO and Pacific Northwest Regional Office, Biose, ID. Randle, T.J., J. Bountry, and G. Smille. 2012. Technical basis for Elwha restoration adaptive sediment management and monitoring plan. Report number SRH-2012-10, Department of the Interior, Bureau of Reclamation and National Park Service, Denver, CO. Randle, T.J., J. Bountry, and G. Smille. 2012. Elwha River restoration: sediment adaptive management summary. Report number SRH-2012-09, Department of the Interior, Bureau of Reclamation and National Park Service, Denver, CO. Schoeneman, D. E., and C. O. Junge. 1954. Investigation of mortalities to downstream migrant salmon at two dams on the Elwha River. Washington Department of Fisheries Research Bulletin No. 3, Olympia, WA. Schreiner, E., and B. Winter. 2004. Restoration of the Elwha River ecosystem biological research and monitoring questions: A workshop. March 18-19, 2003.

Elwha River Bibliography 19 | P a g e Seavey, F. and G. Ging. 1995. Marine resources of the Elwha River Estuary: Clallam County, Washington. US Fish and Wildlife Service, Western Washingtion Office. Stendal, A. G., and R. G. Engman. 1973. Preliminary analysis of game fish and wildlife resources of Elwha River drainage affected by Elwha and Glines dams and preliminary proposals for compensation of project related losses. Environmental Management Division, Washington Department of Game, Olympia, WA. Stolnak, S., R.J. Naiman, and S.A. Harrington (compilers). 2005. Elwha research planning workshop, February 14-15, 2001: Summary Report. University of Washington, Seattle, WA. URS. 2001. Lower Elwha River groundwater resource evaluation, Port Angeles, Washington. Prepared for U.S. Bureau of Reclamation, Denver, Colorado. Unpublished report on file at Olympic National Park, Port Angeles, WA. Walters, K. L., W. L. Haushild, and L. M. Nelson. 1979. Water resources of the Lower Elwha Indian Reservation, Washington. Water Resources Investigations, Open-File Report 79-82. U.S. Geological Survey, Tacoma, WA. Wampler, P. L., R. F. McVein, J. M. Hiss, and R. C. Wunderlich. 1985. A review of and proposed solution to the problem of migrant salmonid passage by the Elwha River dams. U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service Fisheries Assistance Office, Olympia, WA. Ward L, Crain P, Freymond B, McHenry M, Morrill D, Pess GR, Peters R, Shaffer JA, Winter B, Wunderlich B (2008) Elwha River Fish Restoration Plan, developed pursuant to the Elwha River Ecosystem and Fisheries Restoration Act, Public Law 102–495. U.S. Dept. of Commerce, NOAA Tech. Memo., NMFS-NWFSC-90, p. 168 WDF (Washington Department of Fisheries). 1971. Elwha River fisheries studies. Crown Zellerbach Corporation Contract No. 0313. Washington Department of Fisheries Management and Research Division, Olympia, WA. WDG (Washington Department of Game). 1973. Preliminary analysis of game fish and wildlife resources of Elwha River drainage affected by Elwha and Glines dams and preliminary proposals for compensation of project related losses. Washington Department of Game, Olympia, WA. Winter, B. D. 1989. Elwha River Adult Steelhead Tagging and Catch Monitoring Project – Final Report. Technical Report TR-89-4. Point No Point Treaty Council, Kingston, WA. Wunderlich, R. C. 1983. A preliminary assessment of juvenile salmon mortality through the Elwha River dams. U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service Fisheries Assistance Office, Olympia, WA. Wunderlich, R. C. 1988. Juvenile coho salmon passage at the Elwha River dams: a comparison of short- and long-term survival estimates. U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service Fisheries Assistance Office, Olympia, WA. Wunderlich, R. C. 1993. Adult return of fingerling coho salmon outplanted in the upper Elwha River. U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service Fisheries Assistance Office, Olympia, WA.

Elwha River Bibliography 20 | P a g e Wunderlich, R., C. Pantaleo, and R. Wiswell. 1994. Elwha River chum salmon surveys: 1993-94. U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service Fisheries Assistance Office, Olympia, WA. Wunderlich, R., and C. Pantaleo. 1995. A review of methods to re-introduce anadromous fish in the Elwha River. U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service Fisheries Assistance Office, Olympia, WA. Wunderlich, R. C., S. R. Hager, and the Lower Elwha S’Klallam Tribe Fisheries Office. 1993. Elwha River spring Chinook stock status evaluation. U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service Fisheries Assistance Office, Olympia, WA. Wunderlich, R., and S. Dilley. 1985. An assessment of juvenile coho passage mortality at the Elwha River dams. U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service Fisheries Assistance Office, Olympia, WA. Wunderlich, R., and S. Dilley. 1986. Field tests of data collection procedures for the Elwha salmonid survival model. U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service Fisheries Assistance Office, Olympia, WA. Wunderlich, R., and S. Dilley. 1990. Chinook and coho emigration in the Elwha River, Washington. U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service Fisheries Assistance Office, Olympia, WA. Wunderlich, R. C., S. J. Dilley, and E. E, Knudsen. 1989. Timing, exit selection, and survival of steelhead and coho smolts at Glines Canyon Dam. U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service Fisheries Assistance Office, Olympia, WA. Wunderlich, R. C., D. A. Zajac, and J. H. Meyer. 1988. Evaluation of steelhead smolt survival through the Elwha Dam. U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service Fisheries Assistance Office, Olympia, WA.

Books Brown, B. 1982. Mountain in the Clouds. Simon and Schuster, New York. Mapes, L. 2013. Elwha: A River Reborn. Mountaineers Books, Seattle, WA. Crain, J. 2011. Finding the River: An Environmental History of the Elwha. Oregon State University Press, Corvallis.

Other reports and articles Bauman, J.M., and J. Kardouni. 2018. Elwha River restoration: tribal voices matter in the restoration of natural resources. Reclamation Matters 2:23-29. Bellmore, J.R., J.J. Duda, L.S. Craig, S.L. Greene, C.E. Torgersen, M.J. Collins, and K. Vittum. 2016. Status and trends of dam removal research in the United States. WIREs Water DOI:10.1002/wat2.1164.

Elwha River Bibliography 21 | P a g e Bellmore, J.R., G.R. Pess, J.J. Duda, J. O’Connor, A.E. East, M.M. Foley, A. Wilcox, J. Major, P. Shafroth, S.A. Morley, C. Magirl, C. Anderson, J. Evans, C.E. Torgersen, and L.S. Craig. 2019. Conceptualizing ecological responses to dam removal: if you remove it, what’s to come? Bioscience 69:26-39. Duda, J.J., J. Anderson, M. Beirne, S. Brenkman, P. Crain, J. Mahan, M. McHenry, G. Pess, R. Peters, and B. Winter. 2019. Complexities, historical context, and emerging information about the Elwha River dam removal project. Frontiers in Ecology and the Environment 17:10-11. Foley, M.M., J.R. Bellmore, J.E. O’Connor, J.J. Duda, A.E. East, G.E. Grant, C.W. Anderson, J.A. Bountry, M.J. Colllins, P.J. Connolly, L.S. Craig, J.E. Evans, S.L. Greene, F.J. Magilligan, C.S. Magirl, J.J. Major, G.R. Pess, T.J. Randle, P.B. Shafroth, C.E. Torgersen, D. Tullos, and A.C. Wilcox. 2017. Dam removal: Listening in. Water Resources Research 53:5229-5246. DOI:10.1002/2017WR020457. Logan, J., 2012, New Video Shows a Virtual Fly-Through Along the Lower Elwha River, Washington, Using Recently Acquired Ground-Based Lidar Data: U. S. Geological Survey Sound Waves, Mar/Apr. 2012. Miller, I.M., 2015. Natural nourishment to address shoreline erosion: The Elwha River example. AEG News 58(4):20-23. O’Connor, J.E., J.J. Duda, and G.E. Grant. 2015. 1000 dams down and counting. Science 348 (6234):496-497. DOI: 10.1126/science.aaa9204 Pess, G.R., S.J. Brenkman, G.A. Winans, M.L. McHenry, T.J. Beechie, and J.J. Duda. 2010. The Elwha River dam removal: a major opportunity for salmon recolonization. The Osprey 65:1- 8. Sadin, P., and D. Vogel. 2011. An interpretive history of the Elwha River Valley and the legacy of hydropower on Washingon’s Olympic Peninsula. Technical Report, Historical Research Associates, Seattle, WA submitted to National Park Service. Shafroth, P.B., J.M. Friedman, G.T. Auble, M.L. Scott, and J.H. Braatne. 2002. Potential responses of riparian vegetation to dam removal. BioScience 52:703-712. Tullos D.D., M.J. Collins, J.R. Bellmore, J.A. Bountry, P.J. Connolly, P.B. Shafroth, A.C. Wilcox. 2016. Synthesis of common management concerns associated with dam removal. Journal of the American Water Resources Association 52:1179-206. Welty, E.Z., Torgersen, C.E., Brenkman, S.J., Duda, J.J. and Armstrong, J.B., 2015. Multiscale analysis of river networks using the R package linbin. North American Journal of Fisheries Management 35:802-809.

Elwha River Bibliography 22 | P a g e Selected media coverage

Seattle Times — Elwha: Roaring back to life; At Elwha River, forests, fish and flowers where there were dams and lakes.

National Geographic — World’s largest dam removal unleashes U.S. River after century of electric production

Science News — Dam demolition lets the Elwha River run free

Nature — Dam removals: rivers on the run

Peninsula Daily News —VIDEO: Scientists optimistic about return of Chinook to Elwha River; Leader of revegetation effort revels in growth on the Elwha River; Fish recolonizing areas upriver of former dam sites on Elwha River.

UW— News How the Elwha dam removals changed the river’s mouth.

The Revelator— The Elwha’s living laboratory: lessons from the world’s largest dam-removal project.

Selected information websites

National Park Service — Elwha River Restoration

Lower Elwha Klallam Tribe — Elwha River Restoration

U.S. Geological Survey — Science to support the Elwha River restoration project; USGS 12045500 Elwha River at McDonald Br gage; USGS 12046260 Elwha River at Diversion gage

Selected documentary and media videos

National Park Service — Elwha River Restoration; Restoration of the Elwha Begins; The River Emerges; Undammed; Wonders unveiled

Science News — A river unleashed

Quest — A river returns

USGS — Deconstructing dams: a sediment story

EarthFix — Undamming the Elwha, the documentary

John Gussman and Jessica Plumb — Return of the River

Smithsonian.com — The restoration of the Elwha River

Elwha River Bibliography 23 | P a g e Nautilus — How the Elwha River was saved

Elwha River Bibliography 24 | P a g e