DOCSLIB.ORG

“Consultation on Controls on the Import and Export of Hunting Trophies” and “Call for Evidence on the Scale and Impacts of the Import and Export of Hunting Trophies”

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
“Consultation on Controls on the Import and Export of Hunting Trophies” and “Call for Evidence on the Scale and Impacts of the Import and Export of Hunting Trophies” “Embracing Innovation to Conserve the World's Animal Kingdom.” Trophy Hunting Team Seacole building 2 Marsham Street London SW1P 4DF 12 December 2019 Dear Trophy Hunting Team, “Consultation on controls on the import and export of hunting trophies” and “Call for evidence on the scale and impacts of the import and export of hunting trophies” Please find International Wildlife Bond’s (IWB’s) response to the Department for Environment, Food & Rural Affairs (DEFRA) “Consultation on controls on the import and export of hunting trophies – November 2019” and “Call for evidence on the scale and impacts of the import and export of hunting trophies – November 2019.” For clarity the following answers are given to the initial consultation questions: A1. Stephen Alan Wiggins A2. [email protected] A3. International Wildlife Bond (IWB), Registered Charity No. 1164833 A4. IWB’s response is ‘not confidential’ IWB’s response to the remainder consultations questions and call for evidence are given in the attached submission (via e-mail to [email protected]). Yours sincerely, Stephen Alan Wiggins Founder of International Wildlife Bond (IWB) 1 | P a g e “Embracing Innovation to Conserve the World's Animal Kingdom.” “Consultation on controls on the import and export of hunting trophies” and “Call for evidence on the scale and impacts of the import and export of hunting trophies” Table of Contents 1 Introduction .................................................................................................................................... 6 1.1 Poorly Regulated Trophy Hunting ........................................................................................... 7 1.1.1 Pseudo Hunting ............................................................................................................... 7 1.1.2 Pseudo Trophies and Fraudulent Exploitation ................................................................ 9 1.1.3 ‘Science’ Funded by Pro-trophy Hunting Influences ....................................................... 9 1.1.4 Hunting Quotas are not Based on Independent Verifiable Science ............................. 11 1.1.5 Genetic Effects of Trophy Hunting ................................................................................ 11 1.1.6 Infanticide and Conflict ................................................................................................. 12 1.1.7 Cover-ups ...................................................................................................................... 13 2 Consultation on controls on the import and export of hunting trophies ..................................... 15 2.1 Question 5: “Is there anything you would consider to be a hunting trophy that falls outside of the definition found in CITES and the EU Wildlife Trade Regulations [WTR]?” ............................ 15 2.2 Question 6: “Is there anything that falls within the definition used in CITES and the EU Wildlife Trade Regulations that you consider should not be treated as a hunting trophy?”............ 16 2.3 Question 7: “Do you envisage any challenges or difficulties which might arise from using the definition in CITES and EU Wildlife Trade Regulations, for example, when it comes to enforcement?” .................................................................................................................................. 16 2.4 Question 8: “We set out a number of options above. We would like to understand your preferred option and the reasons for that preference” .................................................................... 18 2.4.1 1st Preference - Option three - “A ban on all hunting trophies entering or leaving the UK” 18 2.4.2 2nd Preference - Option one, “A ban on hunting trophies from certain species entering or leaving the UK“ ......................................................................................................................... 19 2.4.3 Option two - “Stricter requirements for clear benefits to conservation and local communities to be demonstrated before hunting trophies from certain species are permitted to enter or leave the UK” ................................................................................................................... 20 2.4.4 Option four - “Do nothing - continue to apply current controls based on internationally agreed rules” ................................................................................................................................. 22 2.4.5 Deontology vs. Consequentialism ................................................................................. 22 2 | P a g e “Embracing Innovation to Conserve the World's Animal Kingdom.” 2.4.6 Trophy Hunting’s Consequentialist Claims ................................................................... 23 2.4.7 Trophy Hunting is ‘Legal’ ............................................................................................... 25 2.4.8 Ethical/Moral Leadership .............................................................................................. 26 2.4.9 A Case Study – Is Trophy Hunting Moral/Ethical? ........................................................ 27 2.5 Question 9: “Options one and two introduce further restrictions for certain species. Which species do you think these further restrictions should apply to?“ .................................................... 30 2.5.1 Why not Annex A or B of the EU Wildlife Trade Regulations? ...................................... 30 2.6 Question 10: “Do you think there should be different restrictions on hunting trophies imported and exported to and from countries within the EU, compared with countries outside of the EU?” ............................................................................................................................................ 32 2.7 Question 11: “Do you have additional information or evidence on:” a. “Potential impacts of increased restrictions as set out in options one to three?” ............................................................... 32 2.8 Question 11: “Do you have additional information or evidence on:” b. “Potential barriers to implementation for options one to three?” ...................................................................................... 33 2.9 Question 12: “In options one, two and three, do you think there should be different restrictions on hunting trophies obtained from; wild animals, captive bred animals, or animals involved in canned hunting?” ............................................................................................................ 33 2.9.1 Wild Animals ................................................................................................................. 35 2.9.2 Captive Bred Animals .................................................................................................... 38 2.9.3 Canned/Captive lions .................................................................................................... 39 2.9.4 Canned/Captive Rhino .................................................................................................. 49 2.9.5 Captive Game Bird Breeding ......................................................................................... 52 2.10 Question 13: “For options one, two and three, do you think there should be any exemptions considered? Please state your reasons why” .................................................................................... 54 2.11 Question 14: “Do you agree with our proposed enforcement regime?” .............................. 54 3 Call for evidence on the scale and impacts of the import and export of hunting trophies .......... 55 3.1 Question 5: “Please provide any evidence you have on the impacts on species conservation and the natural environment of the import and export of hunting trophies to and from the UK“ .. 55 3.2 Question 6: “Are there greater impacts from the import and export of hunting trophies to and from the UK on some species over others?” .............................................................................. 57 3.3 Question 7: “Please provide evidence of the number of hunting trophies entering and leaving the UK, which species these are derived from and which animal parts they consist of or are made from (e.g. head, paws, skin)“ .................................................................................................. 58 3 | P a g e “Embracing Innovation to Conserve the World's Animal Kingdom.” 3.4 Question 8: “Please provide any evidence to assist our understanding of the number of companies which are supported by the movement of hunting trophies between the UK and other countries” .......................................................................................................................................... 66 3.5 Question 9: “Would UK businesses be impacted by stricter controls on the import and export of hunting trophies and, if so, how?” .................................................................................... 67 3.6 Question 10: “We are interested in finding out more about other countries’ restrictions on trade, import or export of hunting trophies, or domestic restrictions on the practice of trophy hunting itself“.................................................................................................................................... 69 3.6.1 Australia ........................................................................................................................ 69 3.6.2 China
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Bob's Wildlife Taxidermy Celebrating 30Th Anniversary Orefield Landmark Ready for Another Hunting Season
    Bob's Wildlife Taxidermy Celebrating 30th Anniversary Orefield Landmark Ready for another Hunting Season Fall hunting seasons are just around the corner, and thousands of Lehigh Valley sportsmen will soon head afield in search of a trophy. For those hunters lucky enough to bag the buck, bear or bird of a lifetime, Orefield taxidermist Bob V. Danenhower Sr. is ready to preserve your memories. Danenhower said it's hard to believe it's been a quarter century since Bob's Wildlife Taxidermy opened its doors. His passion for wildlife dates to his childhood, and he began studying taxidermy at the age of 13, taking mail order courses from the Northwest School of Taxidermy. “I would have to work in my dad's business, Humphrey’s Hydraulics, to earn enough money to order my next lesson,” Danenhower recalled. “It seemed to take forever, because Dad didn’t pay so well.” In the 70s, Danenhower worked for Laros Taxidermy in Allentown, where he learned the finer points of wildlife art from veteran taxidermist Dick Laros. “I had to wait until I was 18 to take my taxidermy test,” he said. “Eighteen was state law at that time, and I was the first 18-year-old ever to be licensed in Pennsylvania.” Becoming a full-time taxidermist is no easy task, especially when you start with nothing but some cheap hand tools, knowledge and a strong work ethic. “There were several lean years when we really looked forward to the local game warden dropping off a fresh, road-killed deer so we could fill the freezer with venison,” Danenhower said.
    [Show full text]
  • Advisory Report: Mammalian Positive List Assessment Framework
    Advisory Report: Mammalian Positive List Assessment Framework Scientific Advisory Committee on the Positive List (WAP - Wetenschappelijke Adviescommissie Positieflijst) Maarn, 30 October 2018 Committee members: • Dr Ludo Hellebrekers, chair • Jan Staman, LLM, acting chair • Dr Sietse de Boer • Prof. Ruud Foppen • Dr Marja Kik • Prof. Frans van Knapen • Prof. Jaap Koolhaas • Dennis Lammertsma • Dr Yvonne van Zeeland Wageningen Livestock Research Support: • Geert van der Peet, secretariat and editing • Dr Hans Hopster, research methods 2 Table of Contents Foreword ........................................................................................................................................................ 5 1 Assessment framework and risk factors ........................................................................................................ 6 1.1 WAP Working method ......................................................................................................................... 6 1.2 Step-by-step assessment .................................................................................................................... 6 1.3 Screening chart ................................................................................................................................. 9 2 Notes and scientific basis ......................................................................................................................... 10 2.1 Screening of extremely high risks ......................................................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • What You Should Know About a Federal Migratory Bird Taxidermy Permit
    WHAT YOU SHOULD KNOW ABOUT A FEDERAL MIGRATORY BIRD TAXIDERMY PERMIT A Federal Migratory Bird Taxidermy Permit will authorize you to mount or otherwise perform taxidermy work on migratory birds, their parts, nests or eggs, belonging to someone else. The conditions of a Federal Taxidermy Permit are very specific. You should review Title 50 Parts 10, 13, 20 (subparts A-B, D-J) and 21.24 of the Code of Federal Regulations (CFR). You are responsible for reviewing and understanding these regulations before you request and accept a permit. These regulations can be found on our website at: https://www.fws.gov/birds/policies-and- regulations/permits/permit-policies-and-regulations.php. Refer to Taxidermists and Federal Law for more information. Below is a review of several sections pertinent to a Federal Migratory Bird Taxidermy Permit. 1. Can I mount migratory game birds with a Federal Taxidermy permit? Yes. You can receive and mount migratory game birds taken and possessed in accordance with applicable Federal and State hunting regulations. All such birds must be properly tagged as required by 50 CFR 20.36. The tag may be removed during taxidermy operations but must be retained and reattached after mounting, and must remain attached until the specimen is delivered to the owner. (See 50 CFR 21.24(d)(2)) 2. Can I mount and sell captive-reared migratory waterfowl? Yes. You can sell properly marked, captive-reared migratory waterfowl that you have acquired from a propagator who has a Federal Migratory Bird Waterfowl Sale and Disposal permit. The propagator must give you a completed Notice of Transfer or Sale of Migratory Waterfowl form (Form 3-186) at the time of the transfer and you must maintain this form in your files.
    [Show full text]
  • Why Look at Dead Animals? Taxidermy in Contemporary Art by Vanessa Mae Bateman Submitted to OCAD University in Partial Fulfillme
    Why Look at Dead Animals? Taxidermy in Contemporary Art by Vanessa Mae Bateman Submitted to OCAD University in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Arts in Contemporary Art, Design, and New Media Art Histories Vanessa Mae Bateman, May 2013 This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial- NoDerivs 3.0 Unported License. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/3.0/ or send a letter to Creative Commons, 444 Castro Street, Suite 900, Mountain View, California, 94041, USA. ! Copyright Notice This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial- NoDerivs 3.0 Unported License. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/3.0/ or send a letter to Creative Commons, 444 Castro Street, Suite 900, Mountain View, California, 94041, USA. You are free to: Share – To copy, distribute and transmit the written work. You are not free to: Share any images used in this work under copyright unless noted as belonging to the public domain. Under the following conditions: Attribution – You must attribute the work in the manner specified by the author or licensor (but not in any way that suggests that they endorse you or your use of the work). Noncommercial – You may not use those work for commercial purposes. Non-Derivative Works – You may not alter, transform, or build upon this work. With the understanding that: Waiver — Any of the above conditions can be waived if you get permission from the copyright holder. Public Domain — Where the work or any of its elements is in the public domain under applicable law, that status is in no way affected by the license.
    [Show full text]
  • This Article Appeared in a Journal Published by Elsevier. the Attached Copy Is Furnished to the Author for Internal Non-Commerci
    This article appeared in a journal published by Elsevier. The attached copy is furnished to the author for internal non-commercial research and education use, including for instruction at the authors institution and sharing with colleagues. Other uses, including reproduction and distribution, or selling or licensing copies, or posting to personal, institutional or third party websites are prohibited. In most cases authors are permitted to post their version of the article (e.g. in Word or Tex form) to their personal website or institutional repository. Authors requiring further information regarding Elsevier’s archiving and manuscript policies are encouraged to visit: http://www.elsevier.com/authorsrights Author's personal copy Parasitology International 62 (2013) 448–453 Contents lists available at SciVerse ScienceDirect Parasitology International journal homepage: www.elsevier.com/locate/parint Short communication Genotypic variations in field isolates of Theileria species infecting giraffes (Giraffa camelopardalis tippelskirchi and Giraffa camelopardalis reticulata) in Kenya Naftaly Githaka a, Satoru Konnai a, Robert Skilton b, Edward Kariuki c, Esther Kanduma b,d, Shiro Murata a, Kazuhiko Ohashi a,⁎ a Department of Disease Control, Graduate School of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido 060-0818, Japan b Biosciences Eastern and Central Africa-International Livestock Research Institute Hub (BecA-ILRI Hub), P.O. Box 30709-00100, Nairobi, Kenya c Kenya Wildlife Service, P.O. Box 40241-00100, Nairobi, Kenya d Department of Biochemistry, University of Nairobi, P.O. Box 30197-00100, Nairobi, Kenya article info abstract Article history: Recently, mortalities among giraffes, attributed to infection with unique species of piroplasms were reported Received 28 January 2013 in South Africa.
    [Show full text]
  • Chapter 15 the Mammals of Angola
    Chapter 15 The Mammals of Angola Pedro Beja, Pedro Vaz Pinto, Luís Veríssimo, Elena Bersacola, Ezequiel Fabiano, Jorge M. Palmeirim, Ara Monadjem, Pedro Monterroso, Magdalena S. Svensson, and Peter John Taylor Abstract Scientific investigations on the mammals of Angola started over 150 years ago, but information remains scarce and scattered, with only one recent published account. Here we provide a synthesis of the mammals of Angola based on a thorough survey of primary and grey literature, as well as recent unpublished records. We present a short history of mammal research, and provide brief information on each species known to occur in the country. Particular attention is given to endemic and near endemic species. We also provide a zoogeographic outline and information on the conservation of Angolan mammals. We found confirmed records for 291 native species, most of which from the orders Rodentia (85), Chiroptera (73), Carnivora (39), and Cetartiodactyla (33). There is a large number of endemic and near endemic species, most of which are rodents or bats. The large diversity of species is favoured by the wide P. Beja (*) CIBIO-InBIO, Centro de Investigação em Biodiversidade e Recursos Genéticos, Universidade do Porto, Vairão, Portugal CEABN-InBio, Centro de Ecologia Aplicada “Professor Baeta Neves”, Instituto Superior de Agronomia, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal e-mail: [email protected] P. Vaz Pinto Fundação Kissama, Luanda, Angola CIBIO-InBIO, Centro de Investigação em Biodiversidade e Recursos Genéticos, Universidade do Porto, Campus de Vairão, Vairão, Portugal e-mail: [email protected] L. Veríssimo Fundação Kissama, Luanda, Angola e-mail: [email protected] E.
    [Show full text]
  • Maine Taxidermy Information Booklet
    MAINE TAXIDERMY INFORMATION BOOKLET (This Booklet is only an information summary and is not law as printed) Maine Department of Inland Fisheries and Wildlife 284 State Street State House Station #41 Augusta, ME 04333 (207) 287-8000 mefishwildlife.com MAINE TAXIDERMY INFORMATION BOOKLET INDEX Classifications of Taxidermy ................................................................................................ 2 Change of Address ............................................................................................................... 6 Definition of Taxidermy ....................................................................................................... 1 Disciplinary Action ............................................................................................................... 5 Endangered and Threatened Species .................................................................................. 8 Fee ........................................................................................................................................ 4 Good Business Recommendations .................................................................................... 10 Hearings ............................................................................................................................... 6 Investigation – Grounds for Suspension .............................................................................. 5 License Period .....................................................................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • Learn More About John James Audubon
    “How could I make a little book, when I have seen enough to make a dozen large books?” Birds of America, the culmination of 15 years of passionate study, was a mammoth undertaking. It cost $115,640 (approximately $2,000,000 today) and included 435 life- size prints of 497 bird species, engraved on copper plates by Robert Havell, Jr. and colored by an assembly line of 50 colorists. Printed on “double elephant” sized paper, Audubon laid out the images with an artist’s eye rather than by biological classification, reaping the scorn of ornithological purists, but winning praise even from King George IV. Scottish artist, John Syme, painted his portrait in frontier regalia (which now hangs in the White House). London’s Royal Society elected him a fellow. English and French noblemen became subscribers. “To have been torn from the study would have been as death; my time was entirely occupied with art.” Life after Birds of America was a continuing roller coaster ride for Audubon. He reunited with his family in the United States only to return to England to find that many of his subscribers were in default and that he had lost others due to the poor quality of the coloring of the plates. Yet he continued to add to his collection of bird and wildlife drawings, exploring the west, the Florida coast, and Labrador, and publishing three more books, including an octavo edition of Birds of America that included 65 additional plates. “A true conservationist is a man who knows that the world is not given by his fathers, but borrowed from his children.” After his death, Lucy sold the New York Historical Society all of the 435 preparatory watercolors for Birds of America.
    [Show full text]
  • An Inventory of Major European Bird Collections by C
    C.S. Roselaar 253 Bull. B.O.C. 2003 123A An inventory of major European bird collections by C. S. Roselaar Introduction During a Round Table Discussion convened by Dr Walter Bock and Dr Henri Ouellet at the XXI International Ornithological Congress in Vienna, 20–25 August 1994, a number of staff members of European ornithological collections expressed the opinion that more cooperation among them was desirable. Many museums suffer from shrinking budgets, making improvement, maintenance, or even access to the collections difficult. Maintaining the world’s biodiversity is of major concern among biologists at the moment, and although this concern is also acknowledged by various governments it has not resulted in any additional support for museum ornithology. Bird collections form a rich source of biodiversity data. Taxonomic information in regional and global handbooks can only be extracted from museum collections. Morphometric data taken from skins of various populations are of importance for unravelling migration patterns for instance. Population studies profit from collections of specimens of known age and sex. Reference collections for identification and training will always be needed, both for laymen (e.g. rarity committees) and scientists (e.g. as help in enforcement of CITES and other national and international nature conservation legislation, for the statistics of bird/aircraft collisions, archaeology, and in ecological studies). Recently, bird skins or feathers have acquired additional relevance as a source of DNA for phylogenetic and population studies. Biochemical data have become a major source of phylogenetic information, from the level of populations up to the level of phyla, but can only be interpreted with reference to collections of entire organisms.
    [Show full text]
  • List of 28 Orders, 129 Families, 598 Genera and 1121 Species in Mammal Images Library 31 December 2013
    What the American Society of Mammalogists has in the images library LIST OF 28 ORDERS, 129 FAMILIES, 598 GENERA AND 1121 SPECIES IN MAMMAL IMAGES LIBRARY 31 DECEMBER 2013 AFROSORICIDA (5 genera, 5 species) – golden moles and tenrecs CHRYSOCHLORIDAE - golden moles Chrysospalax villosus - Rough-haired Golden Mole TENRECIDAE - tenrecs 1. Echinops telfairi - Lesser Hedgehog Tenrec 2. Hemicentetes semispinosus – Lowland Streaked Tenrec 3. Microgale dobsoni - Dobson’s Shrew Tenrec 4. Tenrec ecaudatus – Tailless Tenrec ARTIODACTYLA (83 genera, 142 species) – paraxonic (mostly even-toed) ungulates ANTILOCAPRIDAE - pronghorns Antilocapra americana - Pronghorn BOVIDAE (46 genera) - cattle, sheep, goats, and antelopes 1. Addax nasomaculatus - Addax 2. Aepyceros melampus - Impala 3. Alcelaphus buselaphus - Hartebeest 4. Alcelaphus caama – Red Hartebeest 5. Ammotragus lervia - Barbary Sheep 6. Antidorcas marsupialis - Springbok 7. Antilope cervicapra – Blackbuck 8. Beatragus hunter – Hunter’s Hartebeest 9. Bison bison - American Bison 10. Bison bonasus - European Bison 11. Bos frontalis - Gaur 12. Bos javanicus - Banteng 13. Bos taurus -Auroch 14. Boselaphus tragocamelus - Nilgai 15. Bubalus bubalis - Water Buffalo 16. Bubalus depressicornis - Anoa 17. Bubalus quarlesi - Mountain Anoa 18. Budorcas taxicolor - Takin 19. Capra caucasica - Tur 20. Capra falconeri - Markhor 21. Capra hircus - Goat 22. Capra nubiana – Nubian Ibex 23. Capra pyrenaica – Spanish Ibex 24. Capricornis crispus – Japanese Serow 25. Cephalophus jentinki - Jentink's Duiker 26. Cephalophus natalensis – Red Duiker 1 What the American Society of Mammalogists has in the images library 27. Cephalophus niger – Black Duiker 28. Cephalophus rufilatus – Red-flanked Duiker 29. Cephalophus silvicultor - Yellow-backed Duiker 30. Cephalophus zebra - Zebra Duiker 31. Connochaetes gnou - Black Wildebeest 32. Connochaetes taurinus - Blue Wildebeest 33. Damaliscus korrigum – Topi 34.
    [Show full text]
  • How Much Money Can I Make As a Taxidermist? Short Answer
    How much money can I make as a taxidermist? Short Answer: If you are lazy, (and we're being honest here)...you won't make a lot of money, no matter where you live or what the economy is like. If however, you live in an area with good hunting or fishing, and If you are self motivated, taxidermy can be extremely lucrative! Long Answer: A motivated taxidermist can reasonably earn over $10,000 per month. Taxidermists earn a living through a wide variety of projects, including shoulder mounts (gameheads), rugs, lifesize mounts, birds, fish, antler plaques, European mounts, etc. Although some taxidermists service areas with lot of fishing and/or bird hunting, most taxidermy businesses make the bulk of their income through gameheads, so that will be used as our example. Taxidermists vary in what they charge for gameheads, depending on what part of the country they live in, local economy, and of course quality of the taxidermists' work. A taxidermist who takes a lot of shortcuts will most likely be at the lower end of the price scale. These types of shortcuts include practices such as simply skinning the deer, slapping on some dry tanning powder, neglecting to take the cartilage out of the ears, etc. The result is a cheap mount that NOT look good as it ages. Ears shrink & curl, lips separate, noses shrivel, the hide pulls away from the form, and one year can make a poorly mounted deer look ancient. On the other side of the coin are taxidermists who spend a little more time and a few more dollars on each shoulder mount, resulting in a product that will stand the test of time.
    [Show full text]
  • Theileria Spp. in Free Ranging Giraffes (Giraffa Camelopardalis) in Zambia
    Central Journal of Veterinary Medicine and Research Bringing Excellence in Open Access Case Report *Corresponding author King Shimumbo Nalubamba, Department of Clinical Studies, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Theileria spp. in Free Zambia, P.O. Box 32379, Lusaka, Zambia, Tel: 260 211 293 727; Email: Submitted: 28 November 2015 Ranging Giraffes (Giraffa Accepted: 30 December 2015 Published: 31 December 2015 camelopardalis) in Zambia ISSN: 2378-931X Copyright King Shimumbo Nalubamba1*, Squarre David2, Musso © 2015 Nalubamba et al. Munyeme3, Harvey Kamboyi2, Ngonda Saasa3, Ethel Mkandawire3 OPEN ACCESS and Hetron Mweemba Munang’andu4 1 Department of Clinical Studies, University of Zambia, Zambia Keywords 2 Zambia Wildlife Authority, Zambia • Game ranch 3 Department of Disease Control, University of Zambia, Zambia • Giraffe 4 Department of Basic Sciences and Aquatic Medicine, Norwegian University of Life • Giraffa camelopardalis Sciences, Norway • Piroplasms • Theileria Abstract • Ticks • Wildlife Theileria parasites were detected in five apparently healthy free-ranging giraffes (Giraffa camelopardalis Linnaeus, 1758) captured for translocation on a game ranch located approximately 60 km south west of Lusaka. Giemsa-stained blood smears examined under a light microscope showed characteristic oval and rod shaped intra- erythrocytic piroplasms. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) products targeted on the 18S rRNA gene showed characteristic bands of Theileria spp. The average number of infected blood cells per field examined by light microscopy was estimated at 48.6% (n=50, SD±8.2%). The mean white blood cell count (WBC), red blood cell count (RBC), haemaglobin and packed cell volume (PCV)(%) for the five giraffes were estimated at 8.0 x 103/µl, 7.9 x 106/µl, 17.8 g/dL and 41.8%, respectively, being within the normal range of hematological values of free-ranging healthy giraffes.
    [Show full text]