Crooked Timber: the Life of Calvin Wells (1908–1978)

82 Journal of Medical Biography 22(2) he diagnosed cirrhosis of the liver when shaking hands particularly in Naples. His short life, his genius as sci- with a patient when he felt the dilated subcutaneous entist, his contribution as a physician and as a man and veins (caput medusae) on the abdomen. He used to his detachment from money, remind the reader in the examine poor patients without charge, sometimes 21st century of the words of Plato ‘All the gold on and even leaving them money to purchase prescribed under the earth is not as worthy as virtue’.3–4 drugs. In addition to meticulous drug regimens he also employed spiritual care, guiding his patients to meditation and self-discipline as tools for a holistic References and notes approach to well-being, as well as mental and physical health. 1. D’Onofrio F. Joseph Moscati. As seen by a Medical Doctor. ESUR-Ignatianum: Messina, 1991. Professor Moscati died aged 47 years during the 2. Moscati G. Determinazione della quantita` di sangue col most productive period of his professional life. metodo ottico. La quantita` di sangue nelle nefriti. Undoubtedly, the religious aspects of his life are Riforma Med 1922; 38: 435–438. attractive but what surprises so many people today is 3. Musella M. The death of Joseph Moscati. Il Mattino 13– the way in which he developed, in his own words, ‘the 14 April 1927. sublime mission of a medical doctor’ and his behaviour 4. Plato. The Republic. In: Burnet I (ed.) Bibliotheca oxo- in the culture and scientific context of Southern Italy, niensis. Oxford: OUP, 1902. Author biographies Giovanni Ponti MD, PhD is Assistant Professor of Clinical Pathology at the University of Modena and Reggio Emilia. His principal areas of research include hereditary cancer syndromes, oncological genetics, tumour treat- ment based on targeted therapies, and palaeogenetics. His most recent studies focus on founder mutations and cancer susceptibility (Email: [email protected]) Aldo Tomasi MD, PhD is Rector and Professor of Clinical Pathology at the University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Italy. He graduated in Modena, Italy, and gained his PhD in Biochemistry and Biophysics at Brunel University of London, UK in 1985. His main research interests are centred on the potential role of proteomic analysis in tumour diagnosis. Journal of Medical Biography 22(2) 82–89 ! The Author(s) 2014 Crooked Timber: The life of Calvin Wells Reprints and permissions: sagepub.co.uk/journalsPermissions.nav (1908–1978) DOI: 10.1177/0967772013479734 jmb.sagepub.com Tony Waldron Abstract Calvin Wells was the leading palaeopathologist in the UK between the later 1950s and the early 1970s. He studied medicine at University College London but failed in anatomy and qualified in 1933 with the Conjoint Diploma (MRCS, LRCP). After qualification he began to study obstetrics and after war service in the RAMC he settled in Norfolk (UK), established a small general practice and took up palaeopathology. Although he was usually conservative in diagnosis he University College London, UK Corresponding author: Tony Waldron, UCL Institute of Archaeology, 31–34 Gordon Square, London, WC1H 0PY, UK. Email: [email protected] Downloaded from jmb.sagepub.com at University College London on June 25, 2015 Waldron The life of Calvin Wells 83 tended to over-interpret signs in the skeleton, often publishing descriptions that were more fiction than science. He held firm views on the way in which palaeopathology should be undertaken and in particular he resented the entry into the field of anthropologists without medical training. His major contributions to palaeopathology were related to the study of cremations and the introduction of the notion of pseudopathology, and his writings on these subjects have scarcely been improved upon since. He was extremely well read, warm and encouraging to those with archaeological or medical qualifications, but vituperative about those he disliked. His bone reports, which are a major proportion of his published output, generally were highly regarded but his writing is often marred by sexual innuendo and vulgarity which does his memory little credit. Keywords Calvin Wells, palaeopathology, cremations, pseudopathology, radiography Introduction known by his middle name – where Bampfylde came During the late 1950s and throughout the 1960s and from is by no means clear since there seems to be no early 1970s Calvin Wells was the best known palaeo- family connection on either side to the Bampfylde pathologist working in Britain – indeed he would family. He was the first child of Arthur George and almost certainly have said, at least during the earlier Violet Caroline Annie (always known to the family years, that he was the only palaeopathologist working as Daisy, while Arthur came to be known – latterly at in the country by virtue of his medical qualification, least – as Pops). Arthur Wells was both barrister and essential in his view for this kind of work. surgeon. He was a member of Gray’s Inn and had qualified in medicine from University College London Beginnings (UCL) in 1906. He was Principal Assistant Medical Officer for London County Council (LCC), a JP and Percival Calvin Bampfylde Wells (Figure 1) was born in Honorary ENT Surgeon at the Downs Hospital for Twickenham on 2 April 1908. From an early age he was Children in Sutton, Surrey, an LCC Hospital. His medical career seems to have been both uneventful and unremarkable although he did publish one small book, The discharging ear, which he dedicated to his son.1 He survived into great old age, dying of coronary thrombosis in 1971 only seven years before Wells himself. Wells’ mother (neé Heybourn), the daughter of a banker, was to die young from carcinoma of the ovary in 1929, when he was only 21 and still a medical student. Where Wells received his education is – like many facets of his life – somewhat unclear although appar- ently he attended many primary schools. His obituarists in both The Times2 and the British Medical Journal3 state that he was educated at Charterhouse, and so he was but only for two terms. During the Spring and Summer terms of 1922 when aged 14, he was a member of Daviessites House. There is no indication in the school archives, however, to explain why he was there for so short a time or his reason for leaving. What is certain, however, is that he followed his father to University College London (UCL) to study medicine when for at least part of the time he lived in Winchmore Hill in North London which provided rela- tively easy access to the college in Gower Street. Both obituarists mentioned suggest that during his time at UCL Wells came under the influence of Grafton Figure 1. Calvin Wells (1908–1978). Images of Calvin Wells are Elliot Smith (1871–1937), Glyn Daniel (in The Times) scarce and further details of this image are not currently available. actually stating that he studied anthropology under Downloaded from jmb.sagepub.com at University College London on June 25, 2015 84 Journal of Medical Biography 22(2) Elliot Smith, a notion that Wells put about himself and It was during the war (in 1944) that Freddie, then living he was presumably Daniel’s source of information. in Luton (in Bedfordshire) and working as a nurse in Elliot Smith was certainly Professor of Anatomy at the Children’s Hospital, bought the Old Hall at UCL during the time Wells was a student, having Mulbarton – which Wells had come across during the been appointed in 1919 and remaining there until he time he was stationed in Norfolk – for the bargain price was forced to retire due to ill health in 1937 after of 1600 (about 42,000 in today’s money). She signed Wells had qualified. Wells was never formally a student her name on the conveyance as Winifred Petersen Wells of anthropology at UCL although Elliot Smith may indicating that the marriage to Ida had not survived have taught him anatomy. Elliot Smith’s influence on long and that, although not married, Freddie had his anatomical knowledge cannot have been great, taken Wells’ name (by deed poll as it transpired). The however, since Wells failed the anatomy examination Old Hall (or Manor House as it was sometimes referred which meant that he could not proceed to the London to) was initially derelict and the Wells’ devoted much medical degree (as his father had done) but had to qual- time and money to restoring it. They lived there until ify – in 1933 – with the Conjoint Diploma. 1974 when, having given the Old Hall to their son, they After qualification Wells took up the practice of moved into White Horse Cottage in Hapton (but still in obstetrics and held posts at Wimbledon Hospital and Norfolk), a house they had converted some time before at Queen Charlotte’s Hospital then in the Marylebone from the old White Horse pub. Road and for a time he was Medical Superintendent at Barking Maternity Hospital where he was sometimes Post-war palaeopathology known as Dr Bampfylde-Wells, a form of address that occasionally was used at least until the late Wells’ activities in the immediate post-war period are 1950s. He also held posts as Anaesthetist in the somewhat vague although he and Freddie settled in Department of Obstetrics at University College Mulbarton and he also established a single-handed gen- Hospital (UCH) where, in addition, he served as an eral practice in Norwich, at 75 Thorpe Road. He delib- Obstetric Assistant. The BMJ Obituary also mentioned erately kept his practice list small, hand picking his that before the Second World War he had rooms in patients so they would be unlikely to want calls out Wimpole Street and, if so, income from private practice of hours or inconvenience him in as few ways as pos- might explain how in 1938 he came to be living in sible so that he could devote most of his time to palaeo- Devereux Court, a prestigious apartment block in the pathology.

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