МЕЛИОРАЦИЯ ПОЧВ UOT 631.6 M.G. Mustafayev1, N.Z. Mustafayeva1 MODERN STATE of the SIYAZAN-SUMGAYIT MASSIVE SOILS 1

Мелиорация почв Почвоведение и агрохимия, №1, 2018

МЕЛИОРАЦИЯ ПОЧВ UOT 631.6 M.G. Mustafayev1, N.Z. Mustafayeva1 MODERN STATE OF THE SIYAZAN-SUMGAYIT MASSIVE SOILS 1Institute of soil science and agrochemistry of National Academy of Scienses of Azerbaijan, Az 1073, Baku, M. Rahim 5, Azerbaijan, e-mail: [email protected] Abstract. The information about a state of the Siyazan-Sumgayit massive soils in Azerbai- jan was given in the article. It is noted that a massive climate is subtropic and a level of the subsoil waters is lower than the river waters level. The salts quantity in the massive soils have been studied and it was defined that a salt composition exposed to the strong changes depending on the seasons. Key words: massive, subsoil waters, salt composition, soil cover. INTRODUCTION average. The increase in dry foliage varies Siyazan-Sumgayit massive is one of depending on year and hipsometric height. the foothill parts, joined the Caspean Sea Consumption is no more than and zoning at the heel of the Great Cauca- 0,1-1,0 l/sec, depending on the atmospher- sus eastern end. It is situated in the coast- ic sediments. Generally, the land is poor in line plain of Azerbaijan north-east. This terms of the spread of groundwater. A massive has a plane weak inclination granulometric structure of the soils is which stretches from north-west to south- heavy, weak for the water conductivity east. Many large and small measured la- ability, weakly provided with the nutrient, goon remains are observed in the Siyazan- salinized and solenetzificated to a different Sumgayit massive. The ancient large la- degree [3]. goons are dry in most cases, at present OBJECTS AND METHODS they occupy a salty area. These depres- The researches have been performed sions remain under water while filling in the experimental area selected in the with the surface waters at a rainy period. characteristic places of the Shurabad vil- These lagoons spread in the Shurabad vil- lage in Khizi which is situated in the lage, between Sitalchay and Yashma sta- Siyazan-Sumgayit massive. The soil sam- tions and also in Sumgayit and they are ples have been taken from the same area rich in salty deposits [1, 2]. (0-100 cm) and the chemical analyses have The hydrogeological point of view is been performed according to the method that most of the research area is located on that is used in the republic [4]. the eastern and southeastern slopes of the RESULTS AND DISCUSSION Greater Caucasus Meganctiklinorium, Investigation of saline soils and their where the rocks and seasons are regarded reclamation status in recent years is one of as a spatial distribution of underground the main challenges facing professionals. waters. In the area of groundwater, very To determine the degree of degradation of small amounts are encountered. The sedi- soils in the territory of the Republic, to ments in the Siyazan district are reduced study changes in the preparation and use to a small amount and average annual vol- of their melioration methods, a number of ume does not exceed 400 mm. According scientists conducted research. Agrarian to the chemical composition, ground wa- reforms in Azerbaijan have created condi- ters are sulfate-chlorine-natrium, chlorine- tions for the abundance of food and im- natrium and chlorine-sulphate-natrium prove the material wellbeing of the popu- type. Due to the mineralization degree, lation. groundwater drainage varies from 2,120 g/l In the conditions of Azerbaijan al- to 95,160 g/l and is about 21,159 g/l on most saline soils have spread in all plains

47 Мелиорация почв Почвоведение и агрохимия, №1, 2018 and foothills. The salinization has devel- Most moisture deficiencies are ob- oped in various natural conditions of mi- served in the year. In summer, sometimes gration of salts, mainly in alluvial- even 1 mm of sediment is not observed. In accumulative plains, deluvial-foothill the deluvial slopes, the soils with rainwa- plains in river delta. ter rarely reach 60-80 cm. Periodic mois- Under the leadership of H. Aliyev, the ture of the soils in the mountainous plains agrarian reforms in the Republic of Azer- and their drying allows the salts to inten- baijan in 1993-2003 were of great im- sively exit the surface horizons through portance for the development of agricul- capillary streams. On the ground where the ture and production of products, the for- salts are collected on the land crossings, it mation of new land relations. In those is always possible to observe the migration years, the irrigated lands of 400,000 hec- horizons of salts. tares of irrigated lands were improved, The Siyazan-Sumgayit massif is dom- capital repairs in 460 hectares, and major inated by strong winds from the north. In overhauling of 150,000 hectares. Since the winter, the winds are north and north- 1970, new achievements have been west, south and south-east in the summer, achieved in the country's agricultural pro- and north, west and north-west in the duction. Increasing the amount of irrigated spring. land in 1983 was 265.1 thousand ha. At the Wind speeds reach 20-40 m/sec in same time, in many regions of the country, open airways and rarely 40 m/sec. The du- as a result of floods and floods in 1997, the ration of Nord's stay is 2-3 days, some- national economy, land reclamation and times up to a week. In the cold season of water economy facilities were seriously the year, the snow is cold, sometimes snow damaged [5]. and bush, and in the summer, when the In the following years, the provisions necessary measures are taken, the dusty of the State Program on Reliable Provision storm is observed, causing dry soil and the of Food in the Republic of Azerbaijan for destruction of plants [7]. 2008-2015 by the President of the Repub- Most moisture deficiencies are ob- lic of Azerbaijan Mr. Ilham Aliyev, i.e., the served in the year. In summer, sometimes effective use of land resources, their pro- even 1 mm of sediment is not observed. In tection, improvement and fertility complex the deluvial slopes, the soils with rainwa- agromeliorative researches are required to ter rarely reach 60-80 cm. Periodic mois- achieve high productivity from agricultural ture of the soils in the mountainous plains plants. and their drying allows the salts to inten- An area of the Siyazan-Sumgayit sively exit the surface horizons through massive is nearly 60000 hectares. The capillary streams. On the ground where the massive zone expose to the significant salts are collected on the land crossings, it change in connection with the Caspean Sea is always possible to observe the migration level vibration. Thanks to I.F. Figurovsky horizons of salts. [5] and A.M. Shikhilinisky’s [6] for infor- In the massive studies, winds in the mation about climate of the Siyazan- northern direction, with high velocities, Sumgayit massive belongs to the subtropic dry and dust, are commonly referred to as type. Its climate is very dry, hot in summer, "nord" (Xazri) in all seasons of the year. but mild in winter. According to the long- According to perennial data, their average term information an average annual quan- annual rate was 100 times (wind speed 6 tity of the atmospheric precipitations is and more). The average speed was 160-363 mm. The weather’s relative hu- 6-7 m/sec. midity is 73-76 % in the zone (60 % in the The researches show that subsoil summer, 84 % in the winter). and river waters possess double character.

48 Мелиорация почв Почвоведение и агрохимия, №1, 2018

The subsoil water level lies down lower N.A. Kachinsky and his associates than the river waters level in a large part performed researches in the strait plain of of the inclined plain and a hydraulic rela- the Siyazan-Sumgayit maasive. It was de- tion between them is fulfilled by the river termined that the soils granulometric con- waters infiltration. The river waters filtra- tent changes from the light loamy to heavy tion to the subsoil waters happens in the clayey structure from mountains towards low part of the inclined plain of some plac- east-sea [11]. es in the Caspean side plain upper part. All The soil on the whole profile is car- the rivers feed the subsoil waters in the bonated and boils with severe chloride lowest parts. The subsoil waters feed the acid. M.R. Abduyev [2] noted that for the rivers in the mean upland and foothill zone [8]. gray-brown soils, it is strongly boiling wa- Samur-Absheron canal, Takhtakorpu ter from the surface, and this is due to the -Jeyranbatan canal, Atacay and Gilgilchay age of the soils. rivers are in the hydrangea network. Soils are carbonate. The carbonates The development of the maximum are evenly distributed. The content of gyp- river network was caused by the fall of sum is insignificant. In the upper horizons most atmospheric precipitation in the mid- it does not reach even 0,1 %. A small quan- dle mountainous regions of the river ba- tity of gypsum (0,44-0,86 %) is contained sins. Reduced river network density in in the lower horizons. Soil salinity is high higher mountainous areas (over 2500 m), (in deep-lying soil horizons dense residue low rainfall, weak vegetation, rocky zone, exceeds 1,2 %). Soils are characterized by low rainfall (less than 1000m), low levels high salinity. It is interesting to note that of rainfalls, loss of water to alluvial sedi- the number of absorbed Na is especially ments has a significant impactions. high not in those horizons where salinity is Climate indicators, vegetation cover, expressed morphologically, but below. relief of the soil, various moisture condi- This is probably due to the predomi- tions (surface water) affect the formation nance of sodium salts here. The content of and distribution of soils. At this time, the absorbed sodium in some cases reaches relief of the land plays a leading role. It is 40 % or more of the amount of absorbed also important to note the soil-bearing cations. The content of absorbed Mg in rocks (sea and continental), their granulo- these soils is also high, which to some ex- metric composition and degree of salinity. tent contributes to an increase in salinity. While D.G. Vilensky [9] compiled a Moreover for the soils of the Siyazan salinization map of the strait plain soils, he -Sumgayit massive maximum importance showed their geographical spreading, gave of absorbing Na more than 30 % from ab- a characteristic of the salts in some deep sorbing bases sum is characteristic for the cuts (bore pits) and defined a salt regime soil upper layer of the train zone in the change in the soil. delluvial slopes, it is protected in the mid- İ .A. Shulga noted the significiant sali- dle part of the profile in the slope rest nization of the strait plain in his work that parts from the given massive. the main sources of salts in the plain; are Here are mainly represented by gray formed from: Sumgayit svita green and red -brown solonetzic soils. The power of hori- gleys of eosin which is a main material of zon A of these soils is insignificant. There the accumulation that is rich, easily solv- are clear forms of prismatic structure, fall- ing, not lying down in the depth, transfer- ing on the plate separately. The horizon is ring from upland to the foothill zone; in characterized by a high density and a clear the modern soil processes horizon of the columnar structure. The other character of salt deposits which are not in the depth soils is occurred in the middle zone of the more than 0,5m from surface [10]. delluvial slopes.

49 Мелиорация почв Почвоведение и агрохимия, №1, 2018

Here the serozem-grey solonets is salt-resistant plants. In deep horizons, the mainly presented. Horizon A thickness of pH indicator is high. The characteristic these soils is insignificant. The distinct soils have been developed in the valley forms of the prismatic structure decayed sediments, also in the ravines. to the plate-like separation are observed. The sulfate-rich layer lies in the form Horizon B is characterized by high com- of crystalline gypsum vessels below the pactness and clear columnar structure. carbonate horizon. As a rule, in the depths The thickness of columnar horizon raises of 35-45 cm, the gray eluvia-carbonate 15-20 cm. Horizon C is characterized by horizontally developed in all forms is the friable consistency, indistinct ex- mainly soft. In the Illuvial-carbonate hori- pressed structure, sulphate accumulation. zon below is a gypsum horizon. Gray- The soil water permeability is very low brown soils with a thick layer of massive (0,001- 0,004 mm/sec). (40-50 cm) were subjected to severe salt- The plant cover in the Siyazan- ing. In the saline areas, dry residual is 2,5-2,8 %. Sumgayit massive concerns the semi- The soil profiles differ to some and desert type which froms a condition for a other degree in the grey-brown soils. The strong salt collection in the soils. In con- porous bright-grey cover which is a reason nection with the climate aridity in the for alkalinity, replace by the stratified- massive grungy -wormwood, ephemer prism-form brownish horizon under layer, plants spread. develop humus on the upper layer. Efemers usually do not cover a cer- The humus quantity changes 1-2 % tain zone, and spread among wormwood on the upper layers of the soil. On the low- and salmon. During the summer months, er layers it sharply reduces. vegetation period begins with ephemeral The humus quantity changes in 40- plants, where atmospheric sediments are 50 cm. Gypsum is little on the upper layers maximal. Ethemers don’t usually occupy of the soil profile. Its quantity reaches 0,5- definite zone and spread among worm- 0,8 % at 100-200 cm layer. The soils are woods and saltbushes. high calcareous, CaCO3 number changes by There is no general legitimacy in salt 23-33 %. Hygroscopic humidity is high and supply distribution in the plain zones of forms 5-6 %. The granulometric analysis the Siyazan-Sumgayit massive. But only structure shows that if a quantity of physi- the ancient lagoon deposits that make the cal gley is 57 % on the upper layers, then it surrounding zones rocks undergo strong reaches 63 % on B horizons (at 40-50 cm salinization is an exception. depth). An unlike character of the grey- The grey-brown soils develop under brown soils in the Siyazan-Symgayit mas- ephemeras and wormwood –saline associ- sive is that alkalinity is higher and 0,08- ation plants. In the zones where the supe- 0,13 % on the upper layers. rior plants don’t develop, the water-plants, The coastline of the Siyazan- rarely shabby are found. Sumgayit massive is rich in sands. Some- Primarily primitive soils are spread times these sands pass to the initial stage in the smooth plains of the diluvia plain of of soil formation. The soil grounds salini- Siyazan-Sumgayit massif. These lands are zation is explained by the Caspean level selected by some characteristics: almost change in this part of the plain. The sea no plant cover (saltwater only), multifunc- level change in the coastline zone is con- tional crack fracture, absence of profile in nected with the soil salinization or filling formed lands, density. the sea with the salty waters or transfer- The massive plume zone is charac- ring to the land again. The salinity intensi- terized by low humus content in the soil, fication conditioned the meliorative which is due to the development of the measures realization [3].

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The Siyazan-Sumgayit massive-IV The thickness of the sediments is not period deposits consist of the complicated stable, and in the upper part of the river is III period and Mesozoic rocks. IV period is less than 1-2 m down to 10-14 m. The up- divided into continental and sea deposits per layer of the area from Ataçay to Keşçay for its genesis in the massive. Contempo- consists of alluvial-diluvia sediments 5- rary and ancient alluvial-proleuvial sedi- 10m thick. From the lithological point of ments spread across the river valleys and view, these rocks are composed of clay cover the terraces of Sumgayit, Gilgil, and rocks, which have crushed rock Atacay, and some also cover the skirts. fragments [12]. Lithological composition consists of large The soil-cover in the Siyazan- rocks and gravel and sandstone sediments, Sumgayit massive is very various and it is in some places sandy clay and tile. mainly represented by grey-brown, grey, So, in terms of Siazan-Sumgayit mas- takyr and solonchaks. The soil researches sif soils of cultivated areas mainly used for were performed by V.M. Smirnov- grain crops, a small area under melons. Loginov [12], N.A. Kachinsky [11], The practice of the method of irrigation I.A. Shulga [10], E.M. Salayev [8], (by overlap of large amounts of water) M.R. Abduyev [1], R.G. Mammadov [7]. leads to the fact that water stagnates due The explored (Siyazan) territory is to the strong alkalinity and compaction of geomorphologically attractive to the the soil and forms a shallow Bank. At high Dohshi-Gilazi geomorphological zone. This temperatures, the upward movement of is a geomorphological unit with a low and salt solutions begins, which leads to acute lowland. Tire and mountains in the region salinity of the surface horizons of the soil. are mainly composed of Miocene and Plio- Depending on humidity an amount cene sediments. Some of the surfaces and of the salts distribution is differently ob- old terraced north-eastern slopes with served in the soil profile. Excess irrigation good seabed surfaces. The river valleys are water, temporarily lingering in a saline less cut in perpendicular and diagonal direc- permeable layer, dissolves easily soluble tions. In the area where the anticline is cut, salts available and turns into a more con- the valleys are narrow and deeper, and the centrated solution, which later serves as a sinklinal structures are extensively wid- source of capillary salt currents to the soil ened. Arid-denudation relief forms, includ- surface. After watering, the bumps are re- ing wounds and boars, are widely spread leased from the water, which, when dried, in the territory located in the south- act as a dry drainage, to which capillary eastern part of the territory of Atacay. salt currents are directed from the sur- The massive plume zone is charac- rounding more humidified depressions. terized by low humus content in the soil, The middle layer of the soil in Gen- which is due to the development of the salt eral is characterized by high moisture con- -resistant plants. In deep horizons, the pH tent. indicator is high. The characteristic soils The high moisture content in some have been developed in the valley sedi- periods of the year covers almost the en- ments, also in the ravines. tire profile, especially in the autumn- The broken upland relief is observed winter season, when evaporation from the in the north-west part of the Siyazan- surface is noticeably reduced and a rela- Sumgayit massive and genetically is closely tively large amount of precipitation falls. connected with an upland system sur- This contributes to an increase in the level rounding a north-west part of the plain. It of groundwater and thereby increases the was defined according to the salt regime moisture content in the soil profile. observations in the Siyazan-Sumgayit mas-

51 Мелиорация почв Почвоведение и агрохимия, №1, 2018 sive that the salt content expose to sharp tent increase. For this purpose the salts changes depending on the seasons. In gen- quantity change in the research zone soils eral case these changes cause the salt con- was given on the table 1.

Table 1 – The salts quantity change in the soils of Khizi, Shurabad (2017)

Number of Depth, HCO3 Cl Dry resi- Degrees of sali- section cm Mg-ekv % Mg- % due, % nization ekv K-1 0-25 0,80 0,049 8,30 0,291 0,380 Salinized to a 25-50 0,40 0,024 9,30 0,326 0,850 mean degree 50-100 0,60 0,037 10,40 0,364 0,760 K-2 0-25 0,40 0,024 9,90 0,347 0,625 Salinized to a 25-50 0,50 0,031 9,60 0.336 1,290 strong degree 50-100 0,40 0,024 10,60 0,371 1,285 K-3 0-25 0,60 0,037 12,00 0,420 0,655 Salinized to a 25-50 0,40 0,024 15,20 0,532 1,200 strong degree 50-100 0,30 0,018 14,80 0,518 1,600 K-4 0-25 0,50 0,031 18,40 0,644 1,795 Salinized to a 25-50 0,40 0,024 20,20 0,700 1,985 strong degree 50-100 0,40 0,024 25,60 0,896 2,235 K-5 0-25 0,70 0,043 1,40 0,049 0,600 Salinized to a 25-50 0,70 0,043 3,20 0,112 0,300 mean degree 50-100 0,40 0,024 3,80 0,133 0,565 K-6 0-25 1,20 0,073 3,00 0,105 0,215 Salinized to a 25-50 0,50 0,031 1,40 0,049 0,465 weak degree 50-100 0,60 0,037 1,00 0,035 0,215 K-7 0-25 0,40 0,024 9,20 0,322 1,490 Salinized to a 25-50 0,60 0,037 7,60 0,266 0,550 strong degree 50-100 0,60 0,037 15,20 0,532 1,770 K-8 0-25 0,40 0,024 8,40 0,294 0,870 Salinized to a 25-50 0,40 0,024 9,00 0,315 1,675 strong degree 50-100 0,60 0,037 5,20 0,182 0,950 K-9 0-25 1,20 0,073 1,60 0,056 0,200 Salinized to a 25-50 1,20 0,073 3,00 0,105 0,390 weak degree 50-100 1,20 0,073 2,00 0,070 0,360 K-10 0-25 0,80 0,049 9,80 0,343 0,590 Salinized to a 25-50 0,40 0,024 11,80 0,413 1,105 strong degree 50-100 0,60 0,037 10,80 0,378 1,970 K-11 0-25 1,00 0,061 2,80 0,098 0,240 Salinized to a 25-50 0,80 0,049 6,60 0,231 0,855 mean degree 50-100 1,20 0,073 4,20 0,147 0,340

According to the last researches it is 0,024-0,073 % on the upper layer, but seen that the salts quantity in the zone 0,018-0,073 % on the lower layers. soils was 0,200-1,795 % at 0-25cm of soil A quantity of Cl ion was 0,056-0,644 % layer, 0, 215-2,235 % at 50-100cm layer on the soil upper layer, but 0,035-0,896 % (for a dry residue). HCO3 number was on the lower layers. pH value changed by

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7,8-8,8. As is seen, the soils are salinized to the salt type. The soils are inclined to the a weak, mean and strong degree. alkaline environment for pH quantity, i.e. It is seen from the table that the its value is <7,0 % and changes by 7,8-8,8. weakly salinized soils are in the 6-9th sec- The physical gley value changes by 50-80 % tions, i.e. an average quantity of the salts in these soils. For gradation the soils are changed 0,25-0,50 % at 0-100 cm. The av- light gleyey, mean and heavy gleyey. eragely salinized soils are in the 1,5 and CONCLUSION 11th sections, an average quantity of salts The researches show that the soils changed by 0,50-1,00 % at 0-100 cm. the in the Siyazan-Sumgayit zone are weak, strongly salinized soils are in the rest 2, 3, mean and strong. The salts quantity in the 4, 7, 8, 10th sections, i.e. the salts mean zone soils is 0,200-1,795 % at 25cm of soil quantity changes 1,00-2,00 % at 0-100 cm. layer, 0,215-2,235 % at 50-100cm of layer For the carbonates (CaCO3) quantity (for the dry residue). pH value changes by the soils degree is mean and high. Cl- 7,8-8,8. It is necessary to fulfill agromelio- quantity is more than the permissible limit rative measures system to improve a meli- (0,01). The soils sometimes change till orative state of the same soils. chloride-sulphate and sulphate-chloride

REFERENCES 1 Abduyev M.P. Soils with the saline delluvial form and their reclamation prob- lems. – Baku, 2003. – P. 265. 2 Abduyev M.P. Chemical-geographical characters of soils with the saline delluvial form in the Siyazan-Sumgayit massive // New. of. As. Azerb. SSR, boil. and med. scien. – Baku, 1961. – №3. – P. 45-50. 3 Akperov I.Y. Оptimization of the water-salt regime in irrigated soils Siyazan- Sumgayit massive: Dissertation cand. agric. sci. – Baku, 1989. – P. 21. 4 Arinushkina E.V. Guidelines for chemical analysis of soils. – M.: Moscow State University, 1970. – 488 p. 5 Figurovsky I.V. Climatic zoning of Azerbaijan // Materials on the regionalization of the Azerbaijan SSR. Issue 4. – Baku, 1936. – P. 3-17. 6 Shykhlinsky E.M. The climate of Azerbaijan. – Baku: AN Azerb.SSR, 1968. – 343 p. 7 Mamedov R.G. Agrophysical characteristics of soils. At the Araks strip. – Baku: Ed. "Elm", 1970. – P. 6-35. 8 Salaev M.E. Diagnosis and classification of soils in Azerbaijan. – Baku: Ed. Elm, 1991. – 239 p. 9 Vilenskiy D.G. Investigation of the soils salinity in the strain plain and water content of the Sumgayitchay river in Azerb.SSR. Issue 18. – M.: MGU, 1938. – P. 5-18. 10 Shulga I.A., Korobova Z.P. Soils and conditions of soil formation in the strain plain of Azerb. SSR. Issue.18. – M.: MGU, 1938. – P. 15-17. 11 Kachinsky N.A. Soil-meliorative issu of the strain plain in Azerbaijan Sci. Issue, 17. – M.: MGU, 1937. – P. 171-243. 12 Smirnov-Loginov V.P., Alekperov K.A., Aliev G.A., Volobuyev V.R. and others. Soils of the Azerbaijan SSR. Institute of Soil Science and Agrochemistry. – Baku: AN Azerb. SSR., 1953. – P. 7-14.

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ТҮИ ІН Ф.М. Мустафаев1, М.Г. Мустафаев1, Г.Г. Джебраилова1 СИЯЗАН-СУМГАИТ АЛҚАБЫ ТОПЫРАҚТАРЫНЫҢ ҚАЗІРГІ ЖАҒДАИ Ы 1Әзірбайжан ұлттық ғылым академиясының топырақтану және агрохимия институты, AZ 1073, Баку, М.Рагима көшесі, 5, Әзірбайжан, e-mail: [email protected] Мақалада Әзірбаи жандағы Сиязан-Сумгаит алқабының жағдаи ы туралы мәлімет келтірілген. Алқап климаты субтропикалық, ал жерасты суларының деңгеи і өзен суларының деңгеи інен төмен. Алқап топырақтарындағы тұздардың мөлшері зерттеліп, тұздың құрамы жыл мезгіліне тәуелді қатты өзгеріске ұшыраи тыны анықталды. Түйінді сөздер: алқап, жерасты сулары, тұздың құрамы, топырақ жамылғысы.

РЕЗЮМЕ М.Г. Мустафаев1, Н.З. Мустафаева1 СОВРЕМЕННОЕ СОСТОЯНИЕ ПОЧВ СИЯЗАНЬ-СУМГАИТСКОГО МАССИВА 1Институт Почвоведения и Агрохимии НАНА, Аz 1073, Баку, ул. М. Рагима, 5, Азербайджан, e-mail: [email protected] В статье представлены результаты исследовании состояния Сиязань-Сумгаитского массива Азербаи джана. Отмечено, что климат массива субтропическии , а уровень грунтовых вод ниже уровня речных. Изучено количество солеи в почвах массива. Определено, что состав солеи подвергается сильным изменениям в зависимости от времен года. Ключевые слова: массив, грунтовые воды, солевои состав, почвенныи покров.