DOCSLIB.ORG

Porphyromonas and Description of Porphyromonas Cangingivalis Sp

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Porphyromonas and Description of Porphyromonas Cangingivalis Sp INTERNATIONALJOURNAL OF SYSTEMATICBACTERIOLOGY, Oct. 1994, p. 674-679 Vol. 44, No. 4 0020-7713/94/$04.00+ 0 Copyright 0 1994, International Union of Microbiological Societies Phylogenetic Analysis of Members of the Genus Porphyromonas and Description of Porphyromonas cangingivalis sp. nov. and Porphyromonas cansulci sp. nov. M. D. COLLINS,' DARIA N. LOVE,2* J. KARJALAINEN? A, KANERV0,3 B. FORSBLOM,3 ANNE WILLEMS,' S. STUBBS,' E. SARKIALA,4 G. D. BAILEY,2 D. I. WIGNEY,2 AND H. JOUSIMIES-SOMER3 Department of Microbiology, AFRC Institute of Food Research, Reading Laboratoly, Earley Gate, Reading RG6 2EF, United Kingdom'; Department of Veterinary Pathology, University of Sydney, New South Wales 2006, Australia2; and Anaerobe Reference Laboratoly, National Public Health Institute, 00300 Helsinki, and College of Veterinaly Medicine, 00530 Helsinki, Finland The partial 16s rRNA gene sequences of representative strains of two groups of anaerobic, gram-negative, pigmented, asaccharolytic, rod-shaped bacteria isolated from subgingival plaque of dogs with naturally occurring periodontal disease were determined. A comparative analysis of the rRNA sequence data revealed that the two groups of organisms represent previously unknown lines of descent within the genus Porphyromo- nus. On the basis of our phylogenetic findings and the phenotypic distinctiveness of the organisms, two new species, Porphyromonas cangingivalis and Porphyromonas cansulci, are proposed. Periodontal disease is a significant oral problem of dogs and described in the previous study as members of group C1 were is characterized by halitosis, gingival inflammation, increased also examined; these strains were AHN 4364T (= VPB 4875T), periodontal pocket depth, and alveolar bone loss with resulting AHN 4387 (= VPB 4876), AHN 4706 (= VPB 4877), AHN loosening and eventual loss of teeth. During our investigation 3929 (= VPB 4943), and AHN 3908 (= VPB 4942) and of the subgingival flora of 16 family-owned dogs with naturally originated from three diseased periodontal sites and two occurring periodontitis, a large number of strictly anaerobic, healthy periodontal sites in four dogs. Other strains included in nonsporing, gram-negative, asaccharolytic, rod-shaped bacte- the study for comparison included feline strains Porphyromo- ria were isolated (10, 21, 22). On the basis of the results of nas salivosa NCTC 11 632T, Porphyromonas circumdentaria morphological, biochemical, and API ZYM enzyme analyses NCTC 12469T, and Porphyromonas gingivalis VPB 3492; canine we placed several groups of these organisms in the genus strain P. canoris NCTC 12835T;human strains Porphyromonas Porphyromonas. One group, which comprised 12 of the 259 endodontalis ATCC 35406T, P. gingivalis ATCC 33277T, Por- phenotypically characterized isolates, was recently described as phyromonas asaccharolytica ATCC 25260T, and Bacteroides a new species (Porphyromonascanoris) (14). Two other groups levii ATCC 29147T; and monkey strain Bacteroides macacae were divided on the basis of the results of phenotypic and ATCC 33141T. DNA-DNA hybridization analyses (unpublished data) from Growth conditions and biochemical methods. The general currently recognized species in the genus. One group com- methods used for growth and for morphological and biochem- prised 88 of the phenotypically characterized isolates and was ical characterization tests have been described previously (1, the single most prevalent group in the study, while the other 11-13). The cells used for cellular fatty acid and allozyme group was distinct but less prevalent, comprising 6 of the 259 assays were grown anaerobically for 3 days on 5% (vol/vol) strains (10). In this study, the partial 16s rRNA gene se- sheep blood agar plates (blood agar base no. 2; Oxoid, Ltd., quences of representative strains of these two groups were Basingstoke, England) supplemented with additional hemin- determined. On the basis of the results of a comparative menadione, formate-fumarate (7), and 1.5% (wthol) proteose sequence analysis and the phenotypic distinctiveness of the peptone (Difco Laboratories, Detroit, Mich.) in the presence groups, two new species, Porphyromonas cangingivalis and of a streak of Staphylococcus epidermidis (used to enhance the Porphyromonas cansulci, are described. growth rate and the pigmentation of colonies). 16s rRNA gene sequence determination and sequence anal- MATERIALS AND METHODS ysis. The partial 16s rRNA gene sequences of strains VPB 4872, VPB 4874T, VPB 4875T, and VPB 4876 were determined Bacterial strains. Of the 88 strains described previously (10) by direct PCR sequencing. DNA was amplified in two overlap- as members of group C, 6 were examined in more detail in this ping fragments by using four 16s rRNA universal primers (5' study. These strains were AHN (Anaerobe Reference Labora- to 3') in the following two combinations: pA (AGAGTTT tory, Helsinki Collection) 3421 (= VPB [Veterinary Pathology GATCCTGGCTCAG) and pE* (CCGTCAATTCCTITGAG and Bacteriology Collection] 4871), AHN 3582 (= VPB 4872), TTT); and pD (CAGCAGCCGCGGTAATAC) and pH (AA AHN 430gT (= VPB 4874T) (T = type strain), AHN 3592 (= GGAGGTGATCCAGCCGCA). PCR amplification was per- VPB 4946), AHN 4461 (= VPB 4945), and AHN 4811 (= VPB formed by using a thermal cycler (Biometra, Maidstone, 4940) and originated from five diseased periodontal sites and United Kingdom). Each reaction mixture contained 10 pl of one healthy periodontal site in six dogs. Five of the six strains 1OX buffer (50 mM KCI, 10 mM Tris-HC1,15 mM MgCI,, 10% [voVvol] glycerol), 10 pl of a deoxyribonucleotide mixture (1.25 * Corresponding author. Mailing address: Department of Veteri- mM each), 1 pI of each primer (200 ng/pI), 1 pl of purified nary Pathology, Sydney University, New South Wales 2006, Australia. DNA (10 ng/kl), and enough sterile distilled water to bring the Phone: 61-2-692-2454. Fax: 61-2-552-6526. Electronic mail address: volume to 100 pl. The mixture was denatured at 94°C for 3 min [email protected]. before we added 1 p1 (1 U) of Taq polymerase (Amersham 674 VOL. 44, 1994 NEW PORPHYROMONAS SPECIES 675 International, Amersham, United Kingdom) and 50 ~1 of assayed by a standard method used for glucose-6-phosphate sterile mineral oil. The temperature profile consisted of 25 dehydrogenase incorporating maleimide (2). The 6-phospho- cycles of denaturation at 92°C for 2 min, primer annealing at gluconate dehydrogenase assay was performed like the glu- 55°C for 1 min, and extension at 72°C for 1.5 min. In the last cose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase assay except that maleimide cycle, the elongation step at 72°C was extended to 5 min. PCR was omitted from the assay mixture and 6-phosphogluconate products were purified by using a MagicDNA system (Pro- was used as the substrate. For these assays Bacteroides fragilis mega, Southampton, United Kingdom) according to the man- ATCC 25285T was used as a species that had known dehydro- ufacturer’s instructions. Direct sequencing of 16s rRNA genes genase activity (25, 26). The activity values reported below are was carried out with a Sequenase version 2.0 sequencing kit the averages of three separate assays per preparation. A (Cambridge Biosciences, Ltd., Cambridge, United Kingdom) protein assay (Bio-Rad, Richmond, Calif.) was used as recom- and 35S-labeled dATP, using the method of Hutson et al. (8). mended by the manufacturer to determine the protein concen- The 16s rRNA gene sequences which we determined were tration of each preparation. aligned and compared (3) with the 16s rRNA gene sequences Nucleotide sequence accession numbers. The 16s rRNA of other gram-negative bacteria available in EMBL Data gene sequences of strains VPB 4874T and VPB 4875T have Library and the Ribosomal RNA Data Base. Levels of se- been deposited in the GenBank (EMBL) database under quence similarity and nucleotide substitution rates (K,,, Val- accession numbers X76259 and X76260, respectively. ues) were calculated and used to produce an unrooted phylo- genetic tree by the neighbor-joining method (19). The stability RESULTS AND DISCUSSION of relationships was assessed by bootstrapping (4), using the SEQBOOT, DNADIST, NEIGHBOR, and CONSENSE pro- The 16s rRNA genes of strains VPB 4874T (group C) and grams of the PHYLIP package (5). VPB 4875T (group Cl) were amplified by the PCR by using DNA hybridization assays. The cell growth conditions used primers targeted to conserved regions, and their nucleotide have been described previously (11-13), and DNA extraction sequences were determined directly. The sequencing strategy was performed essentially by the method of Marmur and Doty used resulted in determination of more than 1,480 nucleotides (15)- for each gene product, representing approximately 96% of the G+C contents of DNAs. Thermal melting points were used total primary rRNA structure. The two sequences were sub- to determine the guanine-plus-cytosine (G+C) contents of jected to a painvise analysis and exhibited 89.5% sequence DNA preparations as described previously (1 1). Values were similarity. The sequences of a short fragment (approximately determined for each organism on three separate occasions. positions 30 to 500, which included diagnostic variable regions Escherichiu coli b DNA (Sigma) was included as a standard in V1 to V3) of the 16s rRNA genes of two other representatives each run. of groups C and C1 (group C strain VPB 4872 and group C1 Preparation of labeled nucleic acids. Fragmented, dena- strain VPB 4876) were also determined. The sequences of tured DNA was labeled with ‘’’1 by a variation of the thallium strains VPB 4872 and VPB 4876 were identical to those of chloride method (23, 27). VPB 4874T and VPB 4875T, respectively, confirming the DNA hybridization methods. DNA was fragmented by son- genotypic homogeneity of each group. ication followed by heating in a boiling water bath for 5 min, The derived 16s rRNA sequences of strains VPB 4874T and and the concentration was adjusted to 0.4 mg/ml. DNA VPB 4875= were aligned and compared with the sequences of hybridization values were determined by using an Sl nuclease other gram-negative bacteria retrieved from EMBL Data procedure described previously (9). Library and the Ribosomal RNA Data Base Project (16).
Load more

Recommended publications
  • The Influence of Probiotics on the Firmicutes/Bacteroidetes Ratio In
    microorganisms Review The Influence of Probiotics on the Firmicutes/Bacteroidetes Ratio in the Treatment of Obesity and Inflammatory Bowel disease Spase Stojanov 1,2, Aleš Berlec 1,2 and Borut Štrukelj 1,2,* 1 Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Ljubljana, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia; [email protected] (S.S.); [email protected] (A.B.) 2 Department of Biotechnology, Jožef Stefan Institute, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia * Correspondence: borut.strukelj@ffa.uni-lj.si Received: 16 September 2020; Accepted: 31 October 2020; Published: 1 November 2020 Abstract: The two most important bacterial phyla in the gastrointestinal tract, Firmicutes and Bacteroidetes, have gained much attention in recent years. The Firmicutes/Bacteroidetes (F/B) ratio is widely accepted to have an important influence in maintaining normal intestinal homeostasis. Increased or decreased F/B ratio is regarded as dysbiosis, whereby the former is usually observed with obesity, and the latter with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). Probiotics as live microorganisms can confer health benefits to the host when administered in adequate amounts. There is considerable evidence of their nutritional and immunosuppressive properties including reports that elucidate the association of probiotics with the F/B ratio, obesity, and IBD. Orally administered probiotics can contribute to the restoration of dysbiotic microbiota and to the prevention of obesity or IBD. However, as the effects of different probiotics on the F/B ratio differ, selecting the appropriate species or mixture is crucial. The most commonly tested probiotics for modifying the F/B ratio and treating obesity and IBD are from the genus Lactobacillus. In this paper, we review the effects of probiotics on the F/B ratio that lead to weight loss or immunosuppression.
    [Show full text]
  • Microbiota of Human Precolostrum and Its Potential Role As a Source Of
    www.nature.com/scientificreports OPEN Microbiota of human precolostrum and its potential role as a source of bacteria to the infant mouth Received: 24 October 2018 Lorena Ruiz1,2, Rodrigo Bacigalupe3, Cristina García-Carral2,4, Alba Boix-Amoros3, Accepted: 2 April 2019 Héctor Argüello5, Camilla Beatriz Silva2,6, Maria de los Angeles Checa7, Alex Mira3 & Published: xx xx xxxx Juan M. Rodríguez 2 Human milk represents a source of bacteria for the initial establishment of the oral (and gut) microbiomes in the breastfed infant, however, the origin of bacteria in human milk remains largely unknown. While some evidence points towards a possible endogenous enteromammary route, other authors have suggested that bacteria in human milk are contaminants from the skin or the breastfed infant mouth. In this work 16S rRNA sequencing and bacterial culturing and isolation was performed to analyze the microbiota on maternal precolostrum samples, collected from pregnant women before delivery, and on oral samples collected from the corresponding infants. The structure of both ecosystems demonstrated a high proportion of taxa consistently shared among ecosystems, Streptococcus spp. and Staphylococcus spp. being the most abundant. Whole genome sequencing on those isolates that, belonging to the same species, were isolated from both the maternal and infant samples in the same mother-infant pair, evidenced that in 8 out of 10 pairs both isolates were >99.9% identical at nucleotide level. The presence of typical oral bacteria in precolostrum before contact with the newborn indicates that they are not a contamination from the infant, and suggests that at least some oral bacteria reach the infant’s mouth through breastfeeding.
    [Show full text]
  • Porphyromonas Gingivalis, Strain F0566 Catalog
    Product Information Sheet for HM-1141 Porphyromonas gingivalis, Strain F0566 immediately upon arrival. For long-term storage, the vapor phase of a liquid nitrogen freezer is recommended. Freeze- thaw cycles should be avoided. Catalog No. HM-1141 Growth Conditions: For research use only. Not for human use. Media: Supplemented Tryptic Soy broth or equivalent Contributor: Tryptic Soy agar with 5% defibrinated sheep blood or Floyd E. Dewhirst, D.D.S., Ph.D., Senior Member of the Staff, Supplemented Tryptic Soy agar or equivalent Department of Microbiology and Jacques Izard, Assistant Incubation: Member of the Staff, Department of Molecular Genetics, The Temperature: 37°C Forsyth Institute, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA Atmosphere: Anaerobic Propagation: Manufacturer: 1. Keep vial frozen until ready for use, then thaw. BEI Resources 2. Transfer the entire thawed aliquot into a single tube of broth. Product Description: 3. Use several drops of the suspension to inoculate an Bacteria Classification: Porphyromonadaceae, agar slant and/or plate. Porphyromonas 4. Incubate the tube, slant and/or plate at 37°C for 24 to Species: Porphyromonas gingivalis 72 hours. Broth cultures should include shaking. Strain: F0566 Original Source: Porphyromonas gingivalis (P. gingivalis), Citation: strain F0566 was isolated in October 1987 from the tooth Acknowledgment for publications should read “The following of a patient diagnosed with moderate periodontitis in the reagent was obtained through BEI Resources, NIAID, NIH as United States.1 part of the Human Microbiome Project: Porphyromonas Comments: P. gingivalis, strain F0566 (HMP ID 1989) is a gingivalis, Strain F0566, HM-1141.” reference genome for The Human Microbiome Project (HMP). HMP is an initiative to identify and characterize Biosafety Level: 2 human microbial flora.
    [Show full text]
  • The Effect of Porphyromonas Levii on Macrophage Function and Pro-Inflammatory Cytokine Production
    University of Calgary PRISM: University of Calgary's Digital Repository Graduate Studies Legacy Theses 2001 Macrophages in bovine footrot: the effect of porphyromonas levii on macrophage function and pro-inflammatory cytokine production Walter, Michaela Roylene Valerie Walter, M. R. (2001). Macrophages in bovine footrot: the effect of porphyromonas levii on macrophage function and pro-inflammatory cytokine production (Unpublished master's thesis). University of Calgary, Calgary, AB. doi:10.11575/PRISM/19168 http://hdl.handle.net/1880/41129 master thesis University of Calgary graduate students retain copyright ownership and moral rights for their thesis. You may use this material in any way that is permitted by the Copyright Act or through licensing that has been assigned to the document. For uses that are not allowable under copyright legislation or licensing, you are required to seek permission. Downloaded from PRISM: https://prism.ucalgary.ca UNIVERSITY OF CALGARY Macrophages in Bovine Footrot: The Effect of Purphyrontonas fevii on Macrophage Function and Pro-Inilammatory Cytokine Production. Michaela Roylene Valerie Walter A THESIS SUBMITTED TO THE FACULTY OF GRADUATE STUDIES IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE DEGREE OF MASTERS OF SCIENCE DEPARTMENT OF BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES CALGARY, ALBERTA MAY, 200 1 O Michaela Roylene Valerie Walter 200 1 National Library Biiliothbque nationale du Canada Acquisitions and Acquisitions et Bibliographic Services services bibliographiques The author has granted a non- L'auteur a accorde une licence non exclusive licence allowing the exclusive pennettant a la National Libmy of Canada to Bibliotheque nationale du Canada de reproduce, loan, distn'bute or sell reproduke, preter, distribuer ou copies of this thesis in microform, vendre des copies de cette these sous paper or electronic formats.
    [Show full text]
  • S41598-018-20067-Z.Pdf
    www.nature.com/scientificreports OPEN Structural and functional characterization of shaft, anchor, and tip proteins of the Mfa1 fmbria Received: 11 May 2017 Accepted: 12 January 2018 from the periodontal pathogen Published: xx xx xxxx Porphyromonas gingivalis Michael Hall1, Yoshiaki Hasegawa2, Fuminobu Yoshimura2 & Karina Persson1 Very little is known about how fmbriae of Bacteroidetes bacteria are assembled. To shed more light on this process, we solved the crystal structures of the shaft protein Mfa1, the regulatory protein Mfa2, and the tip protein Mfa3 from the periodontal pathogen Porphyromonas gingivalis. Together these build up part of the Mfa1 fmbria and represent three of the fve proteins, Mfa1-5, encoded by the mfa1 gene cluster. Mfa1, Mfa2 and Mfa3 have the same overall fold i.e., two β-sandwich domains. Upon polymerization, the frst β-strand of the shaft or tip protein is removed by indigenous proteases. Although the resulting void is expected to be flled by a donor-strand from another fmbrial protein, the mechanism by which it does so is still not established. In contrast, the frst β-strand in Mfa2, the anchoring protein, is frmly attached by a disulphide bond and is not cleaved. Based on the structural information, we created multiple mutations in P. gingivalis and analysed their efect on fmbrial polymerization and assembly in vivo. Collectively, these data suggest an important role for the C-terminal tail of Mfa1, but not of Mfa3, afecting both polymerization and maturation of downstream fmbrial proteins. Humans co-exist with microorganisms that play signifcant roles in our biology. Te largest bacterial population is found in the gut, where species of Bacteroidetes are the most common Gram-negative anaerobes1.
    [Show full text]
  • Porphyromonas Gingivalis, Strain F0185 Catalog
    Product Information Sheet for HM-1140 Porphyromonas gingivalis, Strain F0185 immediately upon arrival. For long-term storage, the vapor phase of a liquid nitrogen freezer is recommended. Freeze- thaw cycles should be avoided. Catalog No. HM-1140 Growth Conditions: For research use only. Not for human use. Media: Supplemented Tryptic Soy broth or equivalent Contributor: Tryptic Soy agar with 5% defibrinated sheep blood or Floyd E. Dewhirst, D.D.S., Ph.D., Senior Member of the Staff, Supplemented Tryptic Soy agar or equivalent Department of Microbiology and Jacques Izard, Assistant Incubation: Member of the Staff, Department of Molecular Genetics, The Temperature: 37°C Forsyth Institute, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA Atmosphere: Anaerobic Propagation: Manufacturer: 1. Keep vial frozen until ready for use, then thaw. BEI Resources 2. Transfer the entire thawed aliquot into a single tube of broth. Product Description: 3. Use several drops of the suspension to inoculate an Bacteria Classification: Porphyromonadaceae, agar slant and/or plate. Porphyromonas 4. Incubate the tube, slant and/or plate at 37°C for 24 to Species: Porphyromonas gingivalis 72 hours. Broth cultures should include shaking. Strain: F0185 Original Source: Porphyromonas gingivalis (P. gingivalis), Citation: strain F0185 was isolated in December 1985 from the Acknowledgment for publications should read “The following tooth of a patient diagnosed with juvenile periodontitis in reagent was obtained through BEI Resources, NIAID, NIH as the United States.1 part of the Human Microbiome Project: Porphyromonas Comments: P. gingivalis, strain F0185 (HMP ID 1988) is a gingivalis, Strain F0185, HM-1140.” reference genome for The Human Microbiome Project (HMP). HMP is an initiative to identify and characterize Biosafety Level: 2 human microbial flora.
    [Show full text]
  • Type of the Paper (Article
    Supplementary Materials S1 Clinical details recorded, Sampling, DNA Extraction of Microbial DNA, 16S rRNA gene sequencing, Bioinformatic pipeline, Quantitative Polymerase Chain Reaction Clinical details recorded In addition to the microbial specimen, the following clinical features were also recorded for each patient: age, gender, infection type (primary or secondary, meaning initial or revision treatment), pain, tenderness to percussion, sinus tract and size of the periapical radiolucency, to determine the correlation between these features and microbial findings (Table 1). Prevalence of all clinical signs and symptoms (except periapical lesion size) were recorded on a binary scale [0 = absent, 1 = present], while the size of the radiolucency was measured in millimetres by two endodontic specialists on two- dimensional periapical radiographs (Planmeca Romexis, Coventry, UK). Sampling After anaesthesia, the tooth to be treated was isolated with a rubber dam (UnoDent, Essex, UK), and field decontamination was carried out before and after access opening, according to an established protocol, and shown to eliminate contaminating DNA (Data not shown). An access cavity was cut with a sterile bur under sterile saline irrigation (0.9% NaCl, Mölnlycke Health Care, Göteborg, Sweden), with contamination control samples taken. Root canal patency was assessed with a sterile K-file (Dentsply-Sirona, Ballaigues, Switzerland). For non-culture-based analysis, clinical samples were collected by inserting two paper points size 15 (Dentsply Sirona, USA) into the root canal. Each paper point was retained in the canal for 1 min with careful agitation, then was transferred to −80ºC storage immediately before further analysis. Cases of secondary endodontic treatment were sampled using the same protocol, with the exception that specimens were collected after removal of the coronal gutta-percha with Gates Glidden drills (Dentsply-Sirona, Switzerland).
    [Show full text]
  • Product Sheet Info
    Product Information Sheet for HM-1072 Porphyromonas gingivalis, Strain F0569 phase of a liquid nitrogen freezer is recommended. Freeze- thaw cycles should be avoided. Catalog No. HM-1072 Growth Conditions: Media: For research use only. Not for human use. Supplemented Tryptic Soy broth or equivalent Tryptic Soy agar (TSA) with 5% defibrinated sheep blood or Contributor: Supplemented Tryptic Soy agar or equivalent Floyd E. Dewhirst, D.D.S, Ph.D., Senior Member of the Staff, Note: HM-1072 did not grow on TSA with 5% defribrinated Department of Microbiology and Jacques Izard, Assistant sheep blood. Member of the Staff, Department of Molecular Genetics, The Incubation: Forsyth Institute, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA Temperature: 37°C Atmosphere: Anaerobic Manufacturer: Propagation: BEI Resources 1. Keep vial frozen until ready for use, then thaw. 2. Transfer the entire thawed aliquot into a single tube of Product Description: broth. Bacteria Classification: Porphyromonadaceae, 3. Use several drops of the suspension to inoculate an Porphyromonas agar slant and/or plate. Species: Porphyromonas gingivalis 4. Incubate the tube, slant and/or plate at 37°C for 1 to 7 Strain: F0569 days. Broth cultures should include shaking. Original Source: Porphyromonas gingivalis (P. gingivalis), strain F0569 was isolated in 1984 from the subgingival Citation: plaque biofilm of a 39-year-old male patient diagnosed Acknowledgment for publications should read “The following 1,2 with periodontitis in the United States. reagent was obtained through BEI Resources, NIAID, NIH as Comments: P. gingivalis, strain F0569 (HMP ID 1554) is a part of the Human Microbiome Project: Porphyromonas reference genome for The Human Microbiome Project gingivalis, Strain F0569, HM-1072.” (HMP).
    [Show full text]
  • Intracellular Porphyromonas Gingivalis Promotes the Tumorigenic Behavior of Pancreatic Carcinoma Cells
    cancers Article Intracellular Porphyromonas gingivalis Promotes the Tumorigenic Behavior of Pancreatic Carcinoma Cells JebaMercy Gnanasekaran 1, Adi Binder Gallimidi 1,2, Elias Saba 1, Karthikeyan Pandi 1, 1 2 1 1 1 Luba Eli Berchoer , Esther Hermano , Sarah Angabo , Hasna0a Makkawi , Arin Khashan , 1 2, , 1, , Alaa Daoud , Michael Elkin * y and Gabriel Nussbaum * y 1 The Institute of Dental Sciences, Hebrew University, Hadassah Faculty of Dental Medicine, Jerusalem 9112102, Israel; [email protected] (J.G.); [email protected] (A.B.G.); [email protected] (E.S.); [email protected] (K.P.); [email protected] (L.E.B.); [email protected] (S.A.); [email protected] (H.M.); [email protected] (A.K.); [email protected] (A.D.) 2 Sharett Oncology Institute, Hadassah-Hebrew University Medical Center, Jerusalem 9112102, Israel; [email protected] * Correspondence: [email protected] (M.E.); [email protected] (G.N.); Tel.: +972-2-6776782 (M.E.); +972-2-6758581 (G.N.) Equal contribution (these authors share the senior authorship). y Received: 2 July 2020; Accepted: 14 August 2020; Published: 18 August 2020 Abstract: Porphyromonas gingivalis is a member of the dysbiotic oral microbiome associated with oral inflammation and periodontal disease. Intriguingly, epidemiological studies link P. gingivalis to an increased risk of pancreatic cancer. Given that oral bacteria are detected in human pancreatic cancer, and both mouse and human pancreata harbor microbiota, we explored the involvement of P. gingivalis in pancreatic tumorigenesis using cell lines and a xenograft model.
    [Show full text]
  • Role of the Microbiome in Human Development Gut: First Published As 10.1136/Gutjnl-2018-317503 on 22 January 2019
    Recent advances in basic science Role of the microbiome in human development Gut: first published as 10.1136/gutjnl-2018-317503 on 22 January 2019. Downloaded from Maria Gloria Dominguez-Bello,1 Filipa Godoy-Vitorino,2 Rob Knight,3 Martin J Blaser4 1Department of Biochemistry ABStract remain unknown. Abrupt changes in environmental and Microbiology, Rutgers, the The host-microbiome supraorganism appears to have conditions can lead to mal-adaptations (adaptations State University of New Jersey, that were beneficial when first took place, but not New Brunswick, New Jersey, coevolved and the unperturbed microbial component USA of the dyad renders host health sustainable. This anymore under new environmental conditions). 2Department of Microbiology coevolution has likely shaped evolving phenotypes in Today, modernisation and urbanisation pose exactly and Medical Zoology, University all life forms on this predominantly microbial planet. this challenge to human health. of Puerto Rico, School of The microbiota seems to exert effects on the next Together with their microbionts (microbiota Medicine, San Juan, Puerto Rico, USA generation from gestation, via maternal microbiota and members), hosts evolved an immune system, which 3Department of Computer immune responses. The microbiota ecosystems develop, prevents microbial colonisation in the topological Science and Engineering, restricted to their epithelial niches by the host immune interior of the body. Host immune systems evolved University of California, San system, concomitantly with the host chronological complex mechanisms to identify and destroy Diego, California, USA 4 invading microbes, whether they are microbionts Department of Medicine, New development, providing early modulation of physiological York University Langone Medical host development and functions for nutrition, immunity or primary pathogens that cross into forbidden Center, New York City, New and resistance to pathogens at all ages.
    [Show full text]
  • Oral Microbiome and Host Health: Review on Current Advances in Genome-Wide Analysis
    applied sciences Review Oral Microbiome and Host Health: Review on Current Advances in Genome-Wide Analysis Young-Dan Cho, Kyoung-Hwa Kim , Yong-Moo Lee, Young Ku and Yang-Jo Seol * Department of Periodontology, School of Dentistry and Dental Research Institute, Seoul National University and Seoul National University Dental Hospital, Seoul 03080, Korea; [email protected] (Y.-D.C.); [email protected] (K.-H.K.); [email protected] (Y.-M.L.); [email protected] (Y.K.) * Correspondence: [email protected]; Tel.: +82-2-2072-0308 Abstract: The oral microbiome is an important part of the human microbiome. The oral cavity has the second largest microbiota after the intestines, and its open structure creates a special environment. With the development of technology such as next-generation sequencing and bioinformatics, exten- sive in-depth microbiome studies have become possible. They can also be applied in the clinical field in terms of diagnosis and treatment. Many microbiome studies have been performed on oral and systemic diseases, showing a close association between the two. Understanding the oral microbiome and host interaction is expected to provide future directions to explore the functional and metabolic changes in diseases, and to uncover the molecular mechanisms for drug development and treatment that facilitate personalized medicine. The aim of this review was to provide comprehension regarding research trends in oral microbiome studies and establish the link between oral microbiomes and systemic diseases based on the latest technique of genome-wide analysis. Keywords: oral microbiome; oral disease; systemic disease; genome-wide analysis; personal- Citation: Cho, Y.-D.; Kim, K.-H.; Lee, ized medicine Y.-M.; Ku, Y.; Seol, Y.-J.
    [Show full text]
  • Bacterial Diversity of Symptomatic Primary Endodontic Infection by Clonal Analysis
    ORIGINAL RESEARCH Endodontic Therapy Bacterial diversity of symptomatic primary endodontic infection by clonal analysis Abstract: The aim of this study was to explore the bacterial diversity of 10 root canals with acute apical abscess using clonal analysis. Letícia Maria Menezes NÓBREGA(a) Francisco MONTAGNER(b) Samples were collected from 10 patients and submitted to bacterial Adriana Costa RIBEIRO(c) DNA isolation, 16S rRNA gene amplification, cloning, and sequencing. (c) Márcia Alves Pinto MAYER A bacterial genomic library was constructed and bacterial diversity Brenda Paula Figueiredo de Almeida GOMES(a) was estimated. The mean number of taxa per canal was 15, ranging from 11 to 21. A total of 689 clones were analyzed and 76 phylotypes identified, of which 47 (61.84%) were different species and 29 (38.15%) (a) Universidade Estadual de Campinas were taxa reported as yet-uncultivable or as yet-uncharacterized (UNICAMP), Piracicaba Dental School, Endodontics Division, Piracicaba, SP, Brazil. species. Prevotella spp., Fusobacterium nucleatum, Filifactor alocis, and Peptostreptococcus stomatis were the most frequently detected species, (b) Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Department of Conservative followed by Dialister invisus, Phocaeicola abscessus, the uncharacterized Dentistry, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil. Lachnospiraceae oral clone, Porphyromonas spp., and Parvimonas micra. (c) Universidade de São Paulo (USP), Institute Eight phyla were detected and the most frequently identified taxa of Biomedical Science, Department of Oral belonged to the phylum Firmicutes (43.5%), followed by Bacteroidetes Microbiology, São Paulo, SP, Brazil. (22.5%) and Proteobacteria (13.2%). No species was detected in all studied samples and some species were identified in only one case.
    [Show full text]