DOCSLIB.ORG

Spatial Phenomenon of Reflection Effect in Landscape Design THESIS

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Spatial Phenomenon of Reflection Effect in Landscape Design THESIS Spatial Phenomenon of Reflection Effect in Landscape Design THESIS Presented in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree Master of Landscape Architecture in the Graduate School of The Ohio State University By Fangyuan Xie Graduate Program in Landscape Architecture The Ohio State University 2013 Thesis Committee: Jason Kentner, Advisor Jacob Boswell Curtis Roth Copyright by Fangyuan Xie 2013 Abstract The spatial phenomenon of reflection is ubiquitous in everyday life. Mirror is widely implemented in architectural use to broaden a space, multiply views or introduce views from beyond. Its ambiguous nature of virtual reality challenges our perceptions and understandings of the place and our position in it. Since early time, mirror reflection has been a popular pictorial motif in the history of Western art and widely implemented in modern art. It interests artists for its illusionary representational nature, the same as arts as a mimetic practice of life. Some artists use mirror as a responsive material to bridge the gap between people and art. Some question the spatial/ temporal quality of a space. Since design is not only about functionality or aesthetics, but also about experience, incorporating reflection effect in design is a way to think design experientially. The spatial phenomenon of reflection allows people to observe their embodiness in the environment, and the notion of the body implies and produces the notion of the space. While the effects have been thoroughly investigated for the conceptual meaning in art and strategic use in architecture, it is less categorized in an open landscape setting. In landscape settings, the only natural reflection occurs in reflecting pools. They usually exist adjacent to featured buildings or structures to reinforce their existence through the reflections in the water. Besides that, landscape architects, architects and artists are exploring the effects of reflection through installations or landscape artwork. The ii ephemeral responsive nature of reflection effect challenges people’s visual perception, generates curiosity, invites touch and promotes people-place relationship. The purpose of this thesis is to investigate reflection effects in landscape setting, dealing with the natural force like sunlight, the ever-changing nature, and spatial condition as well as the experiential quality. A range of selected works of reflection effect is studied and categorized, according to the effect and strategy. A category is generated for later site-related investigation. Study models are designed and used to experience the effects in an immersive way. The roof garden adjacent to the architecture school’s library is selected as the real site of proposal for its accessibility and the distinctive site features. Proposals are generated based on the site fact and are illustrated through rendering as well as those models. To conclude, the ultimate goal of the research is to design for spatial perception or experience through the spatial phenomena of reflection effects. Since we are living a life at the pace that the environment is often overlooked, the experience of confronting with reflection effect will make us pause and think and really understand the place we are in. In here, reflection effect acts as a shortcut to arouse people’s awareness of the environment and their relationship to it. iii Acknowledgments I wish to thank my thesis advisor Jason Kentner, and committee member Jacob Boswell and Curtis Roth, for their intellectual support. I convey utmost thanks and love to my mom and dad for their endless love and support I can ever have. iv Vita 2001................................................................The First High School in Changsha 2007................................................................B.S. Landscape Architecture, Central South University of Forestry and Technology 2011 to present ...............................................Master of Landscape Architecture Candidate, Ohio State University Fields of Study Major Field: Landscape Architecture v Table of Contents Abstract ............................................................................................................................... ii Acknowledgments.............................................................................................................. iv Vita ...................................................................................................................................... v List of Tables ................................................................................................................... viii List of Figures .................................................................................................................... ix Chapter 1: Introduction ...................................................................................................... 1 Research Overview ......................................................................................................... 1 Background ..................................................................................................................... 3 Chapter 2: History of Reflection Effects ............................................................................ 6 Mirror Reflection in Arts, Architecture and Landscape .................................................. 6 A Selection of Projects of Reflection Effects .................................................................. 9 Chapter 3: Reflection Effect in Landscape Setting ........................................................... 15 Chapter 4: Theoretical Framework ................................................................................... 19 Phenomenological Theory ............................................................................................. 19 Framing/ Borrowing Landscape Strategy ..................................................................... 22 Chapter 5: Proposal for Real Site...................................................................................... 24 vi Reflection in the Roof Garden ...................................................................................... 24 Proposal of Reflection Effects in Roof Garden ............................................................. 26 Reference .......................................................................................................................... 31 vii List of Tables Table 1 A Selection of Reflection Project in Landscape .................................................... 9 viii List of Figures Figure 1 Kogod Courtyard, Kathryn Gustafson ................................................................. 5 Figure 2 Vietnam Veteran Memorial, Maya Lin ................................................................. 5 Figure 3 Mirror in Arts ..................................................................................................... 11 Figure 4 Interior Use of Mirror Reflection ....................................................................... 11 Figure 5 Exterior Use of Mirror Reflection ...................................................................... 11 Figure 6 Ring; Field .......................................................................................................... 12 Figure 7 Camouflage View, Metis Garden, Canada .......................................................... 12 Figure 8 Finite| Infinite, Beijing Garden Expo ................................................................. 13 Figure 9 Cloud Gate, Millennium Park, Chicago ............................................................. 13 Figure 10 Glass Pavilion, Dan Graham ............................................................................ 14 Figure 11 Borrowed Scenery, Traditional Chinese Garden .............................................. 23 Figure 12 Roof Garden Site Plan ...................................................................................... 26 Figure 13 Illustration of Looking Beyond ........................................................................ 27 Figure 14 Study Model for Multiple Views Effect ........................................................... 28 Figure 15 Illustration of Infinite Reflection ...................................................................... 28 Figure 16 Study Model for Immersive Effect ................................................................... 29 Figure 17 Illustration of Immersive Effect ....................................................................... 29 Figure 18 Distinct Views in Vertical ................................................................................ 30 Figure 19 Illustration of the Gallery of Views .................................................................. 30 ix Chapter 1: Introduction Research Overview With an acceleration of urbanization process, a lot more environment problems are springing up. At the meantime, as we occupy a progressively more urban environment, we can become disconnected from the natural force. We are living in a place that we will not give a second thought. Besides those large scale or long-term planning and design strategies, it is also worth noting that design should arouse environmental awareness at day-to-day experience. Experiential landscape is evaluated at three themes, how people attach significance or value to certain locations, how they orientate themselves, and how they develop an awareness of their home ground (Kevin Thwaites, 2010). Being stimulated of visual, aural and
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Dill's Greenhouse Tour
    DILL’S GREENHOUSE TOUR: The Dill’s Greenhouse Tour includes the Columbus Park of Roses in Whetstone Park, Dill’s Greenhouse, Gantz Farm, and the International Harvest Garden. Come smell the roses, learn about herbs, and even go on a hayride. Columbus Park of Roses at Whetstone Park This 13-acre park contains three unique rose gardens, an Earth-Kind® Rose Garden, Main Rose Garden and Heritage Garden as well as herb and perennial gardens. One of the largest public rose gardens in the United States, the Park of Roses in Whetstone Park has been among the most beautiful places in Columbus since 1953. It has grown to include 12,000 roses of more than 400 varieties. The park is a certified arboretum and ranked among the top 10 public rose gardens in the country by the All-American Rose Selections. (parkofroses.org) . Dill’s Greenhouse Dill’s Greenhouse is a local, family-owned business started in 1983. They have a knowledgeable team eager to share their love of gardening. They grow their own annuals, perennials, vegetable plants and hanging baskets. Nearly all the nursery stock is Ohio-grown increasing the success rate of its trees and shrubs. Our Tour will coincide with their annual Fall Fun Festival featuring a 5-acre corn maze, an indoor straw maze and (weather permitting) a hayride given by owner Jerry Dill. At Dill’s, “Only Nature Does It Better.” (dillsgreenhouse.net) . The Gardens at Gantz Farm After being a “hidden gem” of Grove City and the greater Columbus area for 26 years, The Garden at Gantz Farm is ready to take it’s spot in the limelight.
    [Show full text]
  • English Turf Labyrinths Jeff Saward
    English Turf Labyrinths Jeff Saward Turf labyrinths, or ‘turf mazes’ as they are popularly known in Britain, were once found throughout the British Isles (including a few examples in Wales, Scotland and Ireland), the old Germanic Empire (including modern Poland and the Czech Republic), Denmark (if the frequently encountered Trojaborg place-names are a reliable indicator) and southern Sweden. They are formed by cutting away the ground surface to leave turf ridges and shallow trenches, the convoluted pattern of which produces a single pathway, which leads to the centre of the design. Most were between 30 and 60 feet (9-18 metres) in diameter and usually circular, although square and other polygonal examples are known. The designs employed are a curious mixture of ancient classical types, found throughout the region, and the medieval types, found principally in England. Folklore and the scant contemporary records that survive suggest that they were once a popular feature of village fairs and other festivities. Many are found on village greens or commons, often near churches, but sometimes they are sited on hilltops and at other remote locations. By nature of their living medium, they soon become overgrown and lost if regular repair and re-cutting is not carried out, and in many towns and villages this was performed at regular intervals, often in connection with fairs or religious festivals. 50 or so examples are documented, and several hundred sites have been postulated from place-name evidence, but only eleven historic examples survive – eight in England and three in Germany – although recent replicas of former examples, at nearby locations, have been created at Kaufbeuren in Germany (2002) and Comberton in England (2007) for example.
    [Show full text]
  • MIRROR MIRROR the Mind’S Mirror FILMS Seaglass 4 Restaurant 5 Outdoor Exhibits with Zarinah Agnew 7:30 P.M
    AFTER DARK AFTER DARK SCHEDULE MAP PRESENTATIONS ACTIVITIES Upper Level Bay Observatory Gallery and Terrace 6 Observing Landscapes Mirrors in Technology and Art Through the Looking Glass Mirrors in Technology and Art With Sebastian Martin With the Explainers 6 With Sebastian Martin 6:30–8:30 p.m. | Bay Observatory Gallery 6:30–9:30 p.m. | Central Gallery 6:30–8:30 p.m. THURSDAY, OCTOBER 1, 2015 A Reflection on Mirrors Light Boxes and Anamorphic Mirrors The History of Mirrors 6:00—10:00 P.M. With Ron Hipschman With Explorables With Massimo Mazzotti 7:00 and 9:00 p.m. 7:00–10:00 p.m. | Central Gallery Main Level 8:30 p.m. Phyllis C. Wattis Webcast Studio BAR North Gallery MIRROR MIRROR The Mind’s Mirror FILMS SeaGlass 4 Restaurant 5 Outdoor Exhibits With Zarinah Agnew 7:30 p.m. | Kanbar Forum On Reflection East Gallery 9:00 p.m. | Kanbar Forum 4 Living Systems The History of Mirrors East With Massimo Mazzotti Corridor Contemplando la Ciudad (2005, 4 min.) Central Gallery 8:30 p.m. | Bay Observatory Gallery by Angela Reginato 5 3 Seeing & Listening Visions of a City (1978, 8 min.) by Lawrence Jordan A Reflection on Mirrors INSTALLATIONS BAR 3 With Ron Hipschman Suspended 2 (2005, 5 min.) by Amy Hicks Wattis 7:00 and 9:00 p.m. The Infinity Boxes Webcast Phyllis C. Wattis Webcast Studio Studio By Matt Elson Pier 15 (2013, 4 min.) by Michael Rudnick 6:00–10:00 p.m. | Central Gallery The Infinity Boxes By Matt Elson Visible Spectres 6:00–10:00 p.m.
    [Show full text]
  • 2000 Stainless Steels: an Introduction to Their Metallurgy and Corrosion
    Dairy, Food and Environmental Sanitation, Vol. 20, No. 7, Pages 506-517 Copyright© International Association for Food Protection, 6200 Aurora Ave., Suite 200W, Des Moines, IA 50322 Stainless Steels: An Introduction to Their Metallurgy and Corrosion Resistance Roger A. Covert and Arthur H. Tuthill* and why they sometimes do not. In most cases, selection of the proper stainless steel leads to satisfactory performance. COMPOSITION, NOMEN- CLATURE AND GENERAL PROPERTIES Most metals are mixtures of a primary metallic element and one or more intentionally added other ele- This article has been peer-reviewed by two professionals. ments. These mixtures of elements are called alloys. Stainless steels are alloys, as are brasses (copper + zinc), bronzes (copper + tin), the many alu- INTRODUCTION better understanding of stainless minum alloys, and many other me- Worldwide, in industry, in busi- steels, especially to the non-metal- tallic materials. In general, solid ness and in the home, metals called lurgist. metals and alloys consist of randomly stainless steels are used daily. It is Industries are concerned with oriented grains that have a well-de- important to understand what these integrity of equipment and product fined crystalline structure, or lattice, materials are and why they behave purity. To achieve these, stainless within the grains. In stainless steels, the way they do. This is especially steels are often the economical and the crystalline structures within the true because the word “stainless” is practical materials of choice for pro- grains have been given names such as itself somewhat of a misnomer; these cess equipment. However, before ferrite, austenite, martensite, or a materials can stain and can corrode intelligent decisions can be made mixture of two or more of these.
    [Show full text]
  • The Smart Mirror Technology
    THE SMART MIRROR TECHNOLOGY A STYLISH MIRROR - WITH UNIQUE EXTRA FEATURES • A COMPLETE DIGITAL SIGNAGE SOLUTION • HIGH BRIGHTNESS SCREEN COMBINED WITH MEDIA PLAYER & FULL FUNCTIONAL CONTENT MANAGEMENT SYSTEM • DECORATIVE AND INFORMATIVE • PROVIDING INFORMATION THROUGH A NON-DISTURBING WAY ADMIRING OURSELVES IN MIRRORS COMES AS NATURALLY TO US AS BREATHING. WHETHER WE BASK IN OUR MAGNIFICENCE, LOOK FOR FLAWS OR SIMPLY TRY TO MAKE OURSELVES AS PERFECT AS POSSIBLE WE SPEND A MUCH TIME LOOKING AT OUR REFLECTIONS. SO WHY NOT COMBINE THIS MOST MUNDANE HUMAN INSTINCT WITH THE REALM OF INFINITE POSSIBILITIES? IN THE WORLD OF COMMERCIALS, ALMOST EVERYONE HAS A SELECTIVE BLINDNESS FOR ORDINARY MARKETING TOOLS. PROVIDE YOUR CUSTOMERS WITH DESIRED INFORMATION AND TARGETABLE MESSAGES ON A SURFACE THEY WOULD NEVER EXPECT TO GET IT. LEAVE A LASTING IMPRESSION WITH THE DENSION SMART MIRROR TECHNOLOGY. CONTENT & DEVICE MANAGEMENT THE MIRROR IS AVAILABLE IN FIVE DIFFERENT SIZES: MINI, SMALL, MEDIUM, LARGE, X-LARGE. CUSTOMERS MAY CHOOSE THE EXACT SIZE OF THE GLASS WITH A GIVEN SURFACE MAXIMUM. CUSTOMIZED MIRROR AND SCREEN COMBINATIONS ARE ALSO AVAILABLE IN HIGHER VOLUMES, PLEASE GET IN TOUCH TO DISCUSS. [email protected] FRONT VIEW MINI SMALL MEDIUM LARGE X-LARGE Display size (inch) 10 32 42 46 55 Display resolution HD Full HD Full HD Full HD Full HD Max Mirror Surface 0,9 0,9 2 2 (sqm) UPPER SIDE VIEW Minimum Width 250 870 1 100 1 180 1 380 (mm) Minimum Height 150 570 690 740 850 (mm) Depth (mm) 30 45 45 45 45 45 ° ANGLE REAR VIEW Weight (kg) 2 18 25-30 35-38
    [Show full text]
  • Title Biodiversity and Ecosystem Services in Urban Areas for Smart
    Biodiversity and ecosystem services in urban areas for smart Title adaptation to climate change: “Do you Kyoto”? Author(s) Morimoto, Yukihiro Citation Landscape and Ecological Engineering (2011), 7(1): 9-16 Issue Date 2011-01 URL http://hdl.handle.net/2433/143757 The final publication is available at www.springerlink.com; This is not the published version. Please cite only the published Right version.; この論文は出版社版でありません。引用の際に は出版社版をご確認ご利用ください。 Type Journal Article Textversion author Kyoto University 1 2 3 4 Yukihiro Morimoto 5 6 7 Biodiversity and Ecosystem Services in Urban Areas for Smart Adaptation to 8 Climate Change: “Do You Kyoto?” 9 10 11 Laboratory of Landscape Ecology and Planning, 12 Graduate School of Global Environmental Studies, 13 Kyoto University 14 15 Kitashirakawa Oiwake-Cho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, Japan 606-8502 16 17 [email protected] 18 19 TEL: +81-75-753-6084, FAX: +81-75-753-6082 20 21 Introduction: Why Kyoto? 22 23 The local government of Kyoto, the city where the Kyoto Protocol was 24 adopted, proposed to work towards becoming a low-carbon society by asking 25 people, “Do you Kyoto?” (Kyoto City 2009). However, beyond the reduction of 26 carbon dioxide emissions, we should pay more attention to the biodiversity 27 that has been the basis of this sustainable city celebrating ecosystem 28 services. To obtain an ecosystem-dependent design solution, biodiversity is 29 an essential natural capital that must be reassessed from the viewpoint of 30 smart adaptation to climate change. The “21st Century Environment Nation 31 Strategy” (Japanese Government 2007), in which I was involved in the 32 discussions, was the official statement of the Japanese government pointing 33 out the importance of comprehensive measures to integrate the three aspects 34 of a sustainable society: a Low Carbon Society, a Sound Material-Cycle 35 Society and a Society in Harmony with Nature.
    [Show full text]
  • Art in the Mirror: Reflection in the Work of Rauschenberg, Richter, Graham and Smithson
    ART IN THE MIRROR: REFLECTION IN THE WORK OF RAUSCHENBERG, RICHTER, GRAHAM AND SMITHSON DISSERTATION Presented in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree Doctor of Philosophy in the Graduate School of The Ohio State University By Eileen R. Doyle, M.A. ***** The Ohio State University 2004 Dissertation Committee: Approved by Professor Stephen Melville, Advisor Professor Lisa Florman ______________________________ Professor Myroslava Mudrak Advisor History of Art Graduate Program Copyright by Eileen Reilly Doyle 2004 ii ABSTRACT This dissertation considers the proliferation of mirrors and reflective materials in art since the sixties through four case studies. By analyzing the mirrored and reflective work of Robert Rauschenberg, Gerhard Richter, Dan Graham and Robert Smithson within the context of the artists' larger oeuvre and also the theoretical and self-reflective writing that surrounds each artist’s work, the relationship between the wide use of industrially-produced materials and the French theory that dominated artistic discourse for the past thirty years becomes clear. Chapter 2 examines the work of Robert Rauschenberg, noting his early interest in engaging the viewer’s body in his work—a practice that became standard with the rise of Minimalism and after. Additionally, the theoretical writing the French phenomenologist Maurice Merleau-Ponty provides insight into the link between art as a mirroring practice and a physically engaged viewer. Chapter 3 considers the questions of medium and genre as they arose in the wake of Minimalism, using the mirrors and photo-based paintings of Gerhard Richter as its focus. It also addresses the particular way that Richter weaves the motifs and concerns of traditional painting into a rhetoric of the death of painting which strongly implicates the mirror, ultimately opening up Richter’s career to a psychoanalytic reading drawing its force from Jacques Lacan’s writing on the formation of the subject.
    [Show full text]
  • 园冶》（1634）理论与17世纪日本造园艺术实践（中文） （引言―英语） BORROWING the LANDSCAPE Theory in China's Yuanye (1634) and Practice in Japanese Garden Art of the Seventeenth Century
    借景‐中国《园冶》（1634）理论与17世纪日本造园艺术实践（中文） （引言―英语） BORROWING THE LANDSCAPE Theory in China's Yuanye (1634) and Practice in Japanese garden art of the seventeenth century -Abstract- In Far Eastern landscape design a typical technique to incorporate a distant view outside the garden, as part of the garden design is called Borrowed Scenery. Borrowed Scenery has become known to the world in English with its Japanese name shakkei and many old Japanese gardens with a landscape scene as background, are thought to have been designed on purpose as a shakkei garden. But shakkei is for the first time in Japan’s history a purpose of design in some gardens of the 17th century. Shortly before these gardens were made, the garden book Yuanye appeared in China that writes in much detail about the meaning and technique of borrowed scenery, using the same word shakkei, pronounced jiejing in modern Chinese. It can be no coincidence that practice and theory appeared almost at the same time. In similar ways, in China as well as in Japan, the well-educated elite wanted to understand the natural world - and man’s creative energy to improve it. Yuanye was written by Ji Cheng, who was fully aware of the workings of landscape design, not in the least because his context was a society that was much interested in natural landscape and in building gardens in it. Yuanye holds therefore profound teachings about human understanding of landscape – and jiejing, borrowing landscape, is the term with which Ji Cheng chose to explain his uppermost level of understanding landscape design.
    [Show full text]
  • A Dimensional Comparison Between Classical Chinese Gardens And
    Yiwen Xu, Jon Bryan Burley, WSEAS TRANSACTIONS on ENVIRONMENT and DEVELOPMENT Patricia Machemer, April Allen A Dimensional Comparison between Classical Chinese Gardens and Modern Chinese Gardens YIWEN XU, JON BRYAN BURLEY, PATRICIA MACHEMER, AND APRIL ALLEN School of Planning, Design and Construction Michigan State University 552 West Circle Drive, 302 B Human Ecology Building, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA [email protected] http:/www.msu.edu/%7Eburleyj/ Abstract: Garden designers and scholars are interested in metrics that define the differences and similarities between traditional design and modern designs. This investigation examines the similarities and differences of classical Chinese gardens and modern Chinese gardens. The comparison is accomplished by ordinating the design elements and basic normative planning and design principles for each garden. Three classical Chinese gardens in Suzhou, Jiangsu, China and five modern gardens in Xiamen, Fujian, China were selected for study. A mathematical method called Principal Component Analysis (PCS) was applied in this research. The objective of this method is to define the dimensions that characterize the gardens and plot these gardens along the dimensions/gradients. Seventy-five variables were selected from a literature review, site visits, and site photos. According to the results of the PCA, there are potentially seven meaningful dimensions suitable for analysis, which explain 100% of the variance. This research focused on studying the first three principal components, explaining 81.54% of the variance. The first two principal components reveal a clear pattern between the two sets of environments. The results indicate that the first principal component can be a way to identify the difference between classical Chinese gardens and modern Chinese gardens.
    [Show full text]
  • A Study on the Method of Using Topographic Formations in the Landscape Design of Japanese Gardens in Hilly Terrains
    1st WSEAS International Conference on LANDSCAPE ARCHITECTURE (LA '08), Algarve, Portugal, June 11-13, 2008 A Study on the Method of Using Topographic Formations in the Landscape Design of Japanese Gardens in Hilly Terrains KEITA YAMAGUCHI, ISAO NAKAJIMA, MASASHI KAWASAKI Urban and Environmental Engineering Kyoto University Rm208, C1-1, Kyoto-Daigaku Katsura, Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto, 615-8540 JAPAN http://lepl.uee.kyoto-u.ac.jp/index.html Abstract: - In modern cities, people generally have the desire to strike a proper balance between man and nature. This paper aims to discuss the method of using topographic formations in landscape design, particularly focusing on three topographic functions: enclosure forming, viewpoint settings, and view settings. We selected Japanese gardens as case studies and adopted a three-layer model to classify a landscape design based on topographic functions, site planning, and architectural planning. In Jyojyu-in, the unique topographic condition is utilized to form an enclosed space and to realize both a deep mountain view and a prospect view. In Jisho-ji, the unique topographic condition is utilized to form an enclosed space and construct three different views. Key-Words: - Topographic formation, Japanese garden, Enclosure, View setting, Viewpoint setting, Kyoto 1 Introduction N In modern cities, people generally have the desire to strike the proper balance between man and the natural environment through the means of landscape planning or design. In many traditional Japanese gardens, it is possible to be in close proximity with the natural 0 5 10km landscape, even though the garden is located very close to the city. Previous garden designers seem to Fig.1 The Location of have succeeded in properly utilizing the topographic gardens in Kyoto city conditions of their surroundings to create natural scenery on a large scale.
    [Show full text]
  • Public Art Program OVERVIEW
    Public Art Program OVERVIEW Artwork has been a critical component of the Phoenix Convention Center since it originally opened in 1972. Building upon this civic commitment to the arts, the City, through the Phoenix Office of Arts and Culture Public Art Program, commissioned new artworks by local, regional and national artists to be incorporated into the expanded Phoenix Convention Center. These works offer a variety of perspectives on life in Phoenix, the United States, and the world in the 21 st century, and join several other pieces in the Convention Center’s extensive collection. Public Art Program Budget and Funding: The art projects are funded through the City's Public Art Program. The program, established in 1986, has involved artists in the design of every kind of city building and space, ranging from streetscapes, freeway overpasses and pedestrian bridges, to canal trails, parks and libraries. The Phoenix Public Art Program is managed by the Phoenix Office of Arts and Culture and has commissioned more than 120 public art projects in the past 20 years. The Phoenix Convention Center’s $3.2 million public art budget comes from three capital improvement program bonds: • Phoenix Convention Center (Civic Plaza) Capital Improvement Percent for Art Funds • Street Transportation Capital Improvement Percent for Art Funds • Water Department Capital Improvement Percent for Art Funds Artist Selection Process: A “call to artists ” process was issued by the Phoenix Office of Arts and Culture. A 10-member public art panel for the Phoenix Convention Center expansion project was assembled, including local artists and representatives from the Phoenix Arts and Culture Commission, the Phoenix Convention Center, and local cultural organizations.
    [Show full text]
  • Indoor Outdoor Relationships at the Residential Scale
    Utah State University DigitalCommons@USU All Graduate Plan B and other Reports Graduate Studies 5-2009 Indoor Outdoor Relationships at the Residential Scale Benjamin H. George Utah State University Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcommons.usu.edu/gradreports Part of the Landscape Architecture Commons Recommended Citation George, Benjamin H., "Indoor Outdoor Relationships at the Residential Scale" (2009). All Graduate Plan B and other Reports. 1505. https://digitalcommons.usu.edu/gradreports/1505 This Report is brought to you for free and open access by the Graduate Studies at DigitalCommons@USU. It has been accepted for inclusion in All Graduate Plan B and other Reports by an authorized administrator of DigitalCommons@USU. For more information, please contact [email protected]. INDOOR OUTDOOR RELATIONSHIPS AT THE RESIDENTIAL SCALE by Benjamin H. George A thesis submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of of Master of Landscape Architecture in Landscape Architecture and Environmental Planning Approved : Michael L. Timmons Malgorzata Rycewicz-Borecki Major Professor Committee Member Steven R. Mansfield Committee Member UTAH STATE UNIVERSITY Logan, Utah 2009 Copyright© Benjamin H. George 2009 All Rights Reserved ABSTRACT INDOOR OUTDOOR RELATIONSHIPS AT THE RESIDENTIAL SCALE by Benjamin H. George, Master of Landscape Architecture Utah State University, 2009 Major Professor: Michael L. Timmons Department: Landscape Architecture and Environmental Planning The indoor-outdoor relationship has been important to mankind since the dawn of recorded history. Over the ages, and despite continual changes in culture, style and technology, the relationship has continued to endure and play an important role in the design and construction of both interior and exterior spaces.
    [Show full text]