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o A CO A B. T KADE A ...DA The Handbook on Glimpse. of Animal Life of Andaman and Nlcobar 'ilandl il an attempt to provide up-to-date Info,.nation on animal lif. and topography of these islands, ~hich il 1110 unique and comparable to that of the famous Gallpallos Illendl in the Pacific Ocean. Perhaps, the virgin natural beauty of the.. plae.. makes many a nlturalil( and tourist verv much enthulilltic to have a glim.,.. of ariimal life of the.. illands. Whatever infor­ mation 'I availlble in this regard cle.rly indicates the diversity, richn... and uniquen_ of the faunll wealth of th_ Islandl. The book cov.,. information in lome detail on mammall, bird~, reptiles and amphibians. Invertebrates, namelV, Inanl and lIuga, inlecta, .piderl, scorpions, centi­ ped&l, milliplKles are dilcu•• ec:t In brief. The sea-shore animal. which are Vlry Inractive particularly to the tourists are dult with in I glnerll way. Further, some general informltlon regarding the.. island. il also appended to thia book for the convenience of tourists. Thil book will help in furthering interest in these fllCinating virgin isllndl amonglt naturalistl and tourists from India al well al abroad. For anyone inter.. ted in these unique and virgin InlUler fauna end other information, this is an enthralling book. Front Covlr: A hiPPY young Nicobari boy, returning home after fishing from open sea. Back Cover : Typical Linor.1 forest mixed with mangrove. Cover theme and d ••ign by Dr. B. K. Tlkeder GLIMPSES OF ANIMAL LIFE OF ANDAMAN & NICOBAR ISLANDS GLIMPSES OF ANIMAL LIFE OF ANDAMAN & NICOBAR ISLANDS B. K. TIKADER A. K. DAS Zoological Survey of India, Calcutta Edited by the Director ZOOLOGICAL SURVEY OF INDIA, CALCUTTA c Government of India, 1985 Published 1985 Price: Indian Rs. 100/00 Foreign £ 10/00 $ 20/00 Printed at The Radiant Process Private Limited, Calcutta, India and Published by The Director, Zoological Survey of India, Calcutta FOREWORD With their unparallelled natural beauty, unique aborigines and rich diversified flora and fauna, the Andaman and Nicobar Islands attract tourists and naturalists alike. These Islands are often referred to as IIZoologists' Paradise" because of their unique faunal wealth that has been the subject matter of active investigation since the middle of the 19th Century. But very little has been explored so far and informa­ tion in this regard is almost lacking. It is in this context that Dr. B. K. Tikader, Director, Zoological Survey of India, who is also the author of the books "Threatened Animals of India" and IIBirds of Andaman and Nicobar Islands" has written this book covering all the major faunal groups available in these Islands. Dr. A. K. Das, the co­ author of this book, is also a noted Zoologist and had been the Officer-in-Charge of the Andaman and Nicobar Regional Station of the Zoological Survey of India for six years. The Zoological Survey of India is doing a commendable job in the exploration and study of the faunal wealth of these Islands. For taking up such activities, a full­ fledged Regional Station was established at Port Blair in the year 1977. Dr. Tikader, Director of this Institution, is a dedicated worker and has been taking lot of interest in the development of the faunal wealth of the Islands. His love and devotion for the fauna of these Islands have compelled him to write a large number of research papers and the book on the Andaman birds has been appreciated by the bird-watchers of these Islands. The present book "Glimpses of Animal Life of Andaman & Nicobar Islands" gives a detailed faunal account of these Islands, which was a long felt need. It is, therefore, heartening to note that authors like Dr. Tikader and Dr. A. K. Das who have been associated with these Islands for a long time have dealt with the subject in a lucid manner. I am sure that this publication will be welcomed by all concerned and will be of great interest and use for the tourists, the general public and the students of Zoology. (M L KAMPANI) Port Blair Lieutenant Governor A & N Islands v EDITOR'S PREFACE The Andaman and Nicobar Islands, comprising 324 large and small islands and covering an area of 8,300 sq.km. are unique in their variety of fauna and flora. The isolation of these islands from the mainland has been responsible for the high degree of endemism and as many as 32 species and subspecies of mammals, 95 species and subspecies of birds, 23 species and subspecies of reptiles are endemic in these islands. With regard to the flora and fauna, a large number of species are common between these islands and the Indian mainland besides Burma & Malaysia. The book "Glimpses of Animal Life of Andaman & Nicobar Islands" gives whatever information is available in this regard. It clearly indicates the diversity, richness and uniqueness of the faunal wealth of these islands. In this context, the authors have attempted to bring out this publication covering an overall faunal life of these islands. The book covers information on mammals, birds, reptiles and amphibians. As for fishes, although the marine fish fauna of these islands is extremely rich and varied, only the commercially important marine fishes and also some freshwater, estuarine and stream fishes are dicussed. The sea-shore animals which are very attractive particularly to the tourists are dealt with in general. A separate book "Sea-shore Animals of Andaman and Nicobar Islands" is under publication where all in­ formation in this regard has been furnished. The tribal people of these islands and their social life are also discussed in brief. Further, some general information regarding these islands is also appended to this book for the convenience of tourists. Moreover, the colour photographs of many animals as well as important monuments like the Cellular Jail and different types of forests are given. Dr. Asok Kumar Das, co-author of this book has been engaged for many years in studying fauna of these islands. During the course of his career in the Zoological Survey of India, he was posted at Port Blair and availed the opportunity of surveying fauna of these islands. It is my privilege that I am able to write the preface of this popular book by virtue of my position as Editor and to this particular one of which I am the senior author. It is hoped that this illustrated book will serve as an important and informative document on these fascinating islands, mainly for tourists, students and naturalists in India and abroad. Zoological Survey of India B. K. TIKADER Calcutta Director VII CONTENTS Page 'Foreword v Editor's Preface VII Acknowledgements xi Introduction 1 Physiography 3 Geological History 4 Soil 5 Climate 5 Floristic 5 Zoogeography 8 fauna 14 Mammals 14 Birds 27 Reptiles 66 Amphibia 80 Fishes 81 Snails, slugs and mussels 84 Insects 86 Spiders and scorpions 87 Centipedes and millipedes 87 Earthworms and leeches 88 Sea-shore animals 88 B i bl iog ra phy 105 General information for the tourists 108 Appendix I. General particulars 108 Appendix II. Places of tourist interest 109 Appendix III. Inhabited islands 110 Appendix IV. Transport 112 Appendix V. Accommodation 114 Appendix VI. Tribals 117 Appendix VII. Early settlement 125 Appendix VIII. Cellular Jail 126 Appendix IX. List of major elements of fauna 131 A. Mammals 131 B. Birds 134 C. Reptiles 150 D. Amphibia 155 Appendix X. List of rare and endangered animals of the islands 156 Appendix XI. List of wildlife sanctuaries of the islands 157 Alphabetical index 159 ACKNOWLEDG EM ENTS We are deeply indebted to the Late Hon'ble Prime Minister, Smt. Indira Gandhi, Chairperson, Indian Board for Wild Life, who had suggested to one of us (BKT) to write illustrated popular books on the different groups of animals and the Wildlife of India, to develop an awareness among our people about the importance of conserva­ tion of wildlife. We express our deep sense of gratitude to Dr. T N. Khoshoo, Secretary, Depart­ ment of Environment, Governnlent of India, for his keen interest in this book. It is only due to his inspiration and support it has been possible for us to bring out this publication. It is our great privilege to thank Shri M. L. Kampani, Lt. Governor, Andaman and Nicobar Islands, for valuable help and encouragenlent and for writing the foreword of this book, and Shri R. D. Kapoor, Chief Secretary, Andaman and Nicobar Administration, for help and various facilities during the preparation of this book. Thanks are due to Dr. K. C. Jayaramakrishnan, Dr. V. C. Agarwal, Dr. P. K. Talwar, Shri P. K. Das, Dr. N. V. Subba Rao, Dr. N. Majumdar, Dr. P. K. Maiti, Dr. Sanat Ghosh, Dr. Madan Datta and Dr. M. S. Shisodia of the Zoological Survey of India, Calcutta, Dr. R. M. Sharma, Western Regional Station, l.S.I., Pune, and Dr. G. C. Rao, Andaman and Nicobar Regional Station, Z.S.I., Port Blair, for providing valuable information for the book. We must thank Dr. M. P. Nayar, Director and Dr. N. P. Balakrishnan, Deputy Director, Botanical Survey of India, Dr. H. M. Kapur and Dr. A. K. Datta, Geological Survey of India and Dr. A. K. Danda, Director, Anthropological Survey of India for offering valuable suggestions and going through the manuscript on physiography and Tribal chapters. Thanks are also due to Shri A. K. P. Nambier, Director, Tourism, Andaman and Nicobar Administration, for supplying some general information regarding the Bay Islands. We are also thankful to Shri Subhendu Saha and Shri Biswanath Roy of l.S.I., for some photographs, to Shri Sitaram Mandai and Shri S.
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