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Tanzim-I-Islami Pakistan: a Socio- Religious Study, 1975-2010

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Tanzim-I-Islami Pakistan: a Socio- Religious Study, 1975-2010 TANZIM-I-ISLAMI PAKISTAN: A SOCIO- RELIGIOUS STUDY, 1975-2010 Researcher: Supervisor: Shakeel Ahmad Mujeeb Ahmad, Ph.D. 4-FSS/PHDHIS/F11 DEPARTMENT OF HISTORY & PAKISTAN STUDIES FACULTY OF SOCIAL SCIENCES INTERNATIONAL ISLAMIC UNIVERSITY ISLAMABAD 2018 TANZIM-I-ISLAMI PAKISTAN: A SOCIO- RELIGIOUS STUDY, 1975-2010 Shakeel Ahmad Roll No 4-FSS/PHDHIS/F11 Submitted in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the Ph.D. degree in discipline of Social Sciences with specialization in History at the Faculty of Social Sciences, International Islamic University, Islamabad. DECLARATION This research entitled, ‘Tanzim-i-Islami Pakistan: A Socio-Religious Study, 1975-2010’, is my own research work. I have not already submitted or published this work. I shall not submit it for obtaining any degree from any other university or institution. Moreover, this research work has not been copied or plagiarized any way by me. This is my own strive for exploring the facts. Shakeel Ahmad 4-FSS/PHDHIS/F11 For my aunt Ahmad Jan and Dimagh Bibi (d. 2007) Who nourished my whole social life benevolently (Acceptance by the Viva-Voce Committee) Title of Thesis: Tanzim-i-Islami Pakistan: A Socio-Religious Study, 1975-2010 Name of Student: Shakeel Ahmad, Registration No 4-FSS PHD HIS/F11 Accepted by the Department of History and Pakistan Studies, INTERNATIONAL ISLAMIC UNIVERSITY, ISLAMABAD, in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the Doctor of Philosophy Degree in Social Sciences with specialization in History. Viva-Voce Committee _____________________________ Dean _____________________________ Chairman/Director/Head ______________________________ External Examiner _______________________________ Internal Examiner _______________________________ Supervisor ABSTRACT This is a historical, critical and longitudinal method of studying about the Tanzim-i-Islami, founded by Dr Israr Ahmad (1932-2010) on 29 April 1975 unlike many other Islamic movements, TI has not yet been undergone academic analysis. It is neither a religious sect nor political party in a real sense, as it believes that the social aspect of Islam seeks culmination through the use of political power with responsibility for the service and welfare of human beings in the shape of Khilafat on national and international levels. Its foundation was laid down as a result of the political dispute between Israr Ahmad and Sayyid Abu’l A‘la Mawlana Mawdudi (1903-79) in April 1957. Shakhsi bai‘at (personal adherence) Munfarid Rufaqa (Isolated members), nizam -i-usra’ (Family Unit System), Local Tanzim , Nizam -i-Halqajat (Circle System) and Central System distinguishes it from the framework of Jama'at-i-Islami on the basis of the masur (continuous practice by people ), masnun (according to the Sunnah ) and mansus (according to the Qur’an ). It produced a lot of literature to educate, motivate and prepare the public in general and its followers in particular. In March1991, it also started Khilafat movement to achieve the mission according to its philosophy and enhanced efforts to achieve the Khilafat in Pakistan. This research work explores how Tanzim-i-Islami has mobilized the educated Muslim Pakistani Community for the establishment of Khilafat and the influence of philosophy of TI work on the Muslims educated society of Pakistan. This dissertation also helps to introduce the TI, its evolution, structure, working setup, socio-religious, political and philosophical aspects for the educated Muslims inside and outside the State of Pakistan. Copyrights All copy rights reserved. No part of this research work may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system or be transmitted in any form by means, without the prior permission of the researcher in writing. Shakeel Ahmad IIUI TABLE OF CONTENTS Acknowledgements I Abbreviations Iii Glossary V Introduction Xiv CHAPTER 1 Historical Background of the Islamic Movements in British India 1.1 Rise of Islamic Revivalist Movements in the British India 3 1.2 The Religo-Political Activities of the Islamic parties 16 1.3 Israr Ahmad and JI 23 1.4 Rationale for the Tanzim-i-Islami 30 1.5 Steps Undertaken for Evolution by TI 39 1.6 Evolutionary Steps for Organization of TI 41 1.7 Israr Ahmad Vision of a Da‘wah Movement 49 1.8 Formation of the Tanzim-i-Islami 52 CHAPTER 2 Approach and Structure of the TI 2.1 The Importance of Organizing an Islamic Revivalist Party 75 2.2 The TI Approach to Party Organization 79 2.3 Organizational Structure of the TI 88 2.4 Working Structure of the TI 101 2.5 Operational Aspects of TI 104 2.6 TI’s Women Working 125 2.7 Role of Women in the TI 128 2.8 Analysis of Progress of the TI 136 CHAPTER 3 Tanzim-i-Islami’s Working 3.1 TI and the National Politics 144 3.2 Media Projection and Elevation of TI’s Philosophy 145 3.3 TI’s concept and the Russian Invasion of Afghanistan in 1979 146 3.4 Iranian Revolution 1979 and TI 148 3.5 Tanzim-i Islami in General Zia-ul Haq’s Regime 150 3.6 TI Da‘wah activities 155 3.7 TI’s Social Reforms in Pakistan 157 3.8 The Ruju-il-al-Qur’an of the Movement 160 3.9 Establishment of Qur’an Academy and Qur’an College in Lahore 163 3.10 Formation of the Qur’an College 165 3.11 The Goals of the TI 167 3.12 The Origin of Revolutionary Thought of the TI 171 3.13 The Revolutionary Process Adopted by TI for Khilafat 176 CHAPTER 4 TI’s Struggle for the Enforcement of Shari‘ah and Khilafat 4.1 Muttahidah Shari‘at Mahaz Pakistan and TI 186 4.2 TI’s Tehrik-i-Khilafat Pakistan and its Aims and Objectives 189 4.3 TKP’s Manifesto and Constitution 190 4.4 Elevation of Financial System for Tehrik Khilafat 206 4.5 Analysis of TKP Activities 208 4.6 The Mass Mobilization of TI for Khilafat 211 4.7 Efforts of the TI for co-ordination with other Religious Parties on the issue of Interest 218 4.8 TI’s Philosophy about Participation in Election 222 4.9 Critical Approach to the Khilafat System 226 CHAPTER 5 Political Strategy of TI for Khilafat in Pakistan and its Internal Development 5.1 Political Personalities and TI 236 5.2 General Musharraf Regime and TI 238 5.3 Leadership Crisis in TI 241 5.4 TI’s Kashmir Policy and its Political Solution 246 5.5 Earthquake and TI’s Social Services in Affected Areas 248 5.6 Lal Masjid Military operation and TI 250 5.7 TI Reaction against Blasphemy 252 5.8 TI policy against Drone attack 253 5.9 Lawyer’s Movement and TI 254 5.10 Discourses on the System of Khilafat in the twentieth Century 255 5.11 Implementation of Khilafat in Modern age 258 5.12 Establishment of Khilafat: An Obligatory Duty of the Ummah 261 5.13 Pakistan the Starting Point of Revival of Khilafat 263 5.14 Khilafat the Source of Sustenance of Pakistan 265 5.15 Khilafat or Democracy- the System needed in Pakistan 269 5.16 Promoting the Spirit of Culture of Islam 274 Conclusion 284 Appendices 290 Bibliography 301 FORWARDING SHEET The thesis entitled, ‘Tanzim-i-Islami Pakistan: A Socio-Religious Study, 1975-2010’, submitted by Shakeel Ahmad in partial fulfilment of Ph. D. degree in Faculty of Social Sciences with specialization in History, International Islamic University, Islamabad has been completed under my guidance and supervision. I am satisfied with the quality of student’s research work and allow him to submit this thesis for further process of as per IIU rules & regulations. Mujeeb Ahmad, Ph. D. Date: 21.11.2016 Signature:___________________ ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS I thank Allah who gave me courage to complete my dissertation. I do not have the words to thank Dr Mujeeb Ahmad who was my supervisor. This work would have not been completed if he had not guided me properly. I thank my wife who helped me in this work. I thank my daughter Shifa Shakeel and sons Ahsan Shakeel, Hasham Shakeel, Shazaib Shakeel and Irtakh Shakeel who did not disturb me during my research work. I am also grateful to Dr Akhtar Hussain , Dr Abdul Zahoor Khan, Dr Samina Awan, Naeem Ishaq, Ghulam Nabi, K. D Kaiyyani, Muhammad Khurshid Khan, Tahir Siddiq Khan, Abdul Basit Jamaly, Dr Sayyid Akmal Hussain Shah, Dr Safiullah Khan Marwat, Bashir Abbasi, Muhammad Abdullah, Zahoor Ahmad Khan, Khalid Mahmud Abbasi, Fateh Muhammad, Muhammad Ibrahim, Malik Nisar Ahmad, Zarab Abbasi, Afsar Khan, Malik Muhammad Altaf, Muhammad Idris Khan, Azhar Rashid, Israr Kazmi, Noman Kazmi , Imran Kaiyyani, my friends and well wishers, Muhammad Sadiq, Sajid Baig, and Aftab Hayat Khan for their cooperation, my sister, brothers and sisters in-law, for their patience and moral support and prayed all the time for the completion of my work and the head of Education Department of Azad Government the State of Jammu and Kashmir for sanctioning my study leave, the members of the Tanzm-i-Islami for providing the material, my maternal aunt and uncle Hajji Amir Hussain. May they have easy and comfortable health and life. Shakeel Ahmad i ABBREVIATIONS AIML All-India Muslim League INC Indian National Congress AJ&K Azad Jammu and Kashmir AJ&KMC All-Jammu and Kashmir Muslim Conference AH al-Hijrah BC Before Christ BA Bachelor of Arts CE Christian Era CKC Central Khilafat Committee FA Faculty of Arts FSC Federal Shari‘at Court IJI Islami Jamhuri Ittihad IJT Islami Jam‘iyyat Talabah JA Jam‘iyyat Ahl-i Hadith JI Jama‘at -i- Islami JUH Jam‘iyyat-i-‘ulama’-i-Hind JUI Jam‘iyyat-i-‘ulama’-i-Islam JUI (F) Jam‘iyyat-i-‘ulama’-i-Islam (Fazalur Rahman Group) JUP Jam‘iyyat-i-‘ulama’-i-Pakistan KPK Khyber Pakhtunkhwa LFO Legal Framework Order MAKQ Markazi Anjuman-i-Khuddam ul Qur’an MMA Muttahiddah Majlis-i-‘Amal ii MSM Muttahidah Shari‘at Mahaz OIC Organization of Islamic Conference PBUH Peace Be Upon Him PML Pakistan Muslim
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