A Remarkable Stela from the Second Intermediate Period
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Ranke, the Art of Ancient Egypt and Breasted, Geschichte Aegyptens (1936), 41-2; Smith, Hist
NON-ROYAL STATUES PREDYNASTIC PERIOD Woman with child Ivory. 801-110-000 Woman with child on hip, late Predynastic, in Berlin, Ägyptisches Museum, 14441. Capart, Primitive Art in Egypt 168 fig. 131; Erman and Ranke, Aegypten und aegyptisches Leben im Altertum Taf. 12 [1]; Schäfer and Andrae, Kunst (1925), 574 Abb. 171 [5]; (1930), 606-7 Abb. 176 [4]; (1942), 626 Abb. 176 [4]; Scharff, Die Altertümer der Vor- und Frühzeit Ägyptens ii, 50-1 [79] Taf. 16; Ranke, The Art of Ancient Egypt and Breasted, Geschichte Aegyptens (1936), 41-2; Smith, Hist. Eg. Sculp. 1-2 fig. 4 [left]; Wolf, Kunst Abb. 18; Hornemann, Types v, pl. 1246; Wiesner, J. Ägyptische Kunst 26 Abb. 1; id. in Äg. Mus. (1991), No. 5 [b] fig. on 1; Vilímková, M. Starove9ký Egypt fig. 15; Priese, Das Ägyptische Museum. Wegleitung (1989), 11 Abb. 1; Wenig, Die Frau pl. 4; D. W[ildung] in Phillips, T. (ed.), Africa. The Art of a Continent Cat. 1.2 fig. 801-110-002 Mother with child, late Predynastic, in Berlin, Ägyptisches Museum, 17600. Schäfer and Andrae, Kunst (1925), 574 Abb. 171 [2, 3]; (1930), 606 Abb. 176 [2, 3]; (1942), 626 Abb. 176 [2, 3]; Scharff, Die Altertümer der Vor- und Frühzeit Ägyptens ii, 50 [78] Taf. 16; Ranke, The Art of Ancient Egypt and Breasted, Geschichte Aegyptens (1936), 45-6; Hamann, Äg. Kunst 76, 78 Abb. 83; Smith, Hist. Eg. Sculp. 1-2 fig. 4 [middle]; Wolf, Kunst 53 Abb. 17; id. Die Kultur Ägyptens 50 Abb. 48; id. Frühe Hochkulturen. Ägypten, Mesopotamien, Ägäis 22 Abb. -
Pyramid of Unas : 11 Unas (Unis)(C. 2356
11 : Pyramid of Unas . Unas (Unis)(c. 2356 - 2323 BC) was the last king of the Fifth Dynasty. The pyramid dedicated to this king lies to the south of the Step Pyramid. The Pyramid of Unas (Unis) is in poor condition however, the burial chambers are worth the visit. In this chamber, you will find the earliest Egyptian funerary texts carved into the walls and filled with a blue pigment. These are referred to as the Pyramid Texts. They are the rituals and hymns that were said during the in the walls of the pyramids. burial. Before this time, nothing was engraved The pyramid, when it was complete stood about 62 ft (18.5 m). The core of the pyramid was loose blocks and rubble and the casing was of limestone. Today it looks like a pile of dirt and rubble, especially from the east side. Although the outside of the pyramid is in ruin, the inside is still sound. You may enter the pyramid from the north side. Trying to block the way, are three huge slabs of granite. Once inside the chamber, you will find the Pyramid Texts that were intended to help the pharaoh's soul in the afterworld. They were to help the soul find Re, the sun god. 12 : Pyramid of Pepi II . South Saqqara is completely separate from Saqqara. It is located about 1km south of the pyramid of Sekhemkhet, which is the most southern of all the pyramids in Saqqara. South Saqqara was founded in the 6th Dynasty (2345 - 2181 BC) by the pharaohs. -
Origins of Apotheosis in Ancient Egypt by Julia Dawn Troche B.A
Origins of Apotheosis in Ancient Egypt By Julia Dawn Troche B.A., University of California, Los Angeles, 2008 A dissertation submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of of Doctor of Philosophy in the Department of Egyptology and Assyriology at Brown University Providence, Rhode Island May 2015 © Copyright 2015 by Julia Troche The dissertation by Julia Dawn Troche is accepted in its present form by the Department of Egyptology and Assyriology as satisfying the dissertation requirement for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy Date______________________ ____________________________________ James P. Allen, Advisor Recommended to the Graduate Council Date______________________ ____________________________________ Laurel Bestock, Reader Date______________________ ____________________________________ Elizabeth Frood, Reader Approved by the Graduate Council Date______________________ ____________________________________ Peter Weber, Dean of the Graduate School iii Curriculum Vitae Julia Dawn Troche was born November 17, 1986 in Long Beach, California. She earned a B.A. from the University of California, Los Angeles where she majored in History, received College Honors, and graduated Magna Cum Laude. From 2007-2008, Julia was also a Departmental Scholar in the Department of Near Eastern Langauges and Cultures and wrote a thesis entitled “Political Implications of Hatshepsut’s Building Program in the Greater Theban Region.” After graduation Julia taught high school English and World History at High Bluff Academy in San Diego, California before enrolling in her Ph.D. program at Brown University in 2009. During her time at Brown University Julia has taught her own undergraduate course, “Daily Life in Ancient Egypt,” and taught for the Summer at Brown Program for five years, including the classes “Middle Egyptian Hieroglyphs,” “Ancient Egyptian Religion and Magic,” and “Art and Archaeology of Ancient Egypt.” Julia also worked at the Brown University Writing Center where she received training in teaching English for English Language Learners. -
UCLA Encyclopedia of Egyptology
UCLA UCLA Encyclopedia of Egyptology Title Sanctuary of Heqaib Permalink https://escholarship.org/uc/item/2dp6m9bt Journal UCLA Encyclopedia of Egyptology, 1(1) Author Raue, Dietrich Publication Date 2014-12-03 Peer reviewed eScholarship.org Powered by the California Digital Library University of California SANCTUARY OF HEQAIB ھيكل (حرم) حقا إيب Dietrich Raue EDITORS WILLEKE WENDRICH Editor-in-Chief Area Editor Geography University of California, Los Angeles JACCO DIELEMAN Editor University of California, Los Angeles ELIZABETH FROOD Editor University of Oxford JOHN BAINES Senior Editorial Consultant University of Oxford Short Citation: Raue 2014, Sanctuary of Heqaib. UEE. Full Citation: Raue, Dietrich, 2014, Sanctuary of Heqaib. In Willeke Wendrich (ed.), UCLA Encyclopedia of Egyptology, Los Angeles. http://digital2.library.ucla.edu/viewItem.do?ark=21198/zz002j97mf 8498 Version 1, December 2014 http://digital2.library.ucla.edu/viewItem.do?ark=21198/zz002j97mf SANCTUARY OF HEQAIB ھيكل (حرم) حقا إيب Dietrich Raue Sanktuar des Heqaib Sanctuaire de Heqaib Pepinakht, called Heqaib, was an expedition leader of the late 6th Dynasty. Recent fieldwork in Elephantine has revealed some objects that suggest it was customary to perform processions, which started at the ka-chapels in the administrative center of Elephantine, for the mortuary cult of a number of late Old Kingdom officials, among them Pepinakht/Heqaib. Heqaib’s sanctuary is an excellent example of the cult of a private person who had the characteristics of a saint, within a settlement context in the Middle Kingdom and the early 2nd Intermediate Period. The sanctuary was a place of pilgrimage of supra-regional importance and has revealed a well-dated series of extraordinary Middle Kingdom sculpture, stelae, and shrines. -
Illuminating the Path of Darkness
ILLUMINATING THE PATH OF DARKNESS: Social and sacred power of artificial light in Pharaonic Period Egypt This thesis is submitted for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy Meghan E. Strong Girton College University of Cambridge January 2018 Illuminating the path of darkness: social and sacred power of artificial light in Pharaonic Period Egypt Meghan E. Strong ABSTRACT Light is seldom addressed in archaeological research, despite the fact that, at least in ancient Egypt, it would have impacted upon all aspects of life. When discussing light in Egyptology, the vast majority of scholarly attention is placed on the sun, the primary source of illumination. In comparison, artificial light receives very little attention, primarily due to a lack of archaeological evidence for lighting equipment prior to the 7th century BC. However, 19th and 20th century lychnological studies have exaggerated this point by placing an overwhelming emphasis on decorated lamps from the Greco-Roman Period. In an attempt to move beyond these antiquarian roots, recent scholarship has turned towards examining the role that light, both natural and artificial, played in aspects of ancient societies’ architecture, ideology and religion. The extensive body of archaeological, textual and iconographic evidence that remains from ancient Egypt is well suited to this type of study and forms three core data sets in this thesis. Combining a materials- based examination of artificial light with a contextualized, theoretical analysis contributes to a richer understanding of ancient Egyptian culture from the 3rd to 1st millennium BC. The first three chapters of this study establish a typology of known artificial lighting equipment, as well as a lexicon of lighting terminology. -
Diplomová Práce
Univerzita Karlova Filozofická fakulta Český egyptologický ústav Diplomová práce PhDr. Bc. Jan Rovenský, Ph.D. The Land to its Limits: Borders and Border Stelae in Ancient Egypt Praha 2021 Vedoucí práce: doc. PhDr. Jana Mynářová, Ph.D. 1 Acknowledgements: I would like to thank Jana Mynářová for her stalwart support (not only) during the writing of this thesis. Many thanks are due to the other members of the Czech Institute of Egyptology for their help and guidance. This thesis would never have seen the light of day without the support of my family – from those who have departed, as well as those who have arrived. Thank you for your everlasting patience. 2 Prohlášení: Prohlašuji, že jsem diplomovou práci vypracoval samostatně, že jsem řádně citoval všechny použité prameny a literaturu a že práce nebyla využita v rámci jiného vysokoškolského studia či k získání jiného nebo stejného titulu. V Praze 9. dubna 2021 Jan Rovenský 3 Klíčová slova: hraniční stéla; hranice; Senusret III; Thutmose I; Thutmose III; Núbie Keywords: border stela; boundary; frontier; Senusret III, Thutmose I; Thutmose III; Nubia 4 Abstrakt Diplomová práce zkoumá tzv. hraniční stély a věnuje se i konceptu hranic ve starověkém Egyptě. Na základě historické, archeologické a epigrafické analýzy daných artefaktů dochází k závěru, že by se v egyptologii měla přestat používat kategorie „hraniční stéla“, jelikož existuje jen jediný monument, který lze označit jako hraniční stélu, jmenovitě stélu z 8. roku vlády Senusreta III. objevené v pevnosti v Semně. Abstract This M.A. thesis examines so-called border stelae in ancient Egypt, as well as the concept of the border. -
'Ancient Egyptian Autobiographies Chiefly of the Middle Kingdom: a Study and an Anthology'
Zurich Open Repository and Archive University of Zurich Main Library Strickhofstrasse 39 CH-8057 Zurich www.zora.uzh.ch Year: 1988 Ancient Egyptian Autobiographies Chiefly of the Middle Kingdom: A Study and an Anthology Lichtheim, Miriam Abstract: By a selection of sixty ancient Egyptian autobiographical inscriptions, presented in new transla- tions, the author examines the growth of the autobiographical genre during the Old and Middle Kingdoms, from ca. 2500 to ca. 1800 B.C. The Old Kingdom created the basic form: the autobiography as an inte- gral part of the inscriptional and pictorial program of tombs - the planned and often sumptuous tombs of the well-to-do, who filled the major positions in the royal administration. After the decline oftheOld Kingdom, the rising middle class diversified the genre, and loci other than tombs, notably free-standing stelae and rock faces of quarries, also became carriers of autobiographical self-presentations. The cult of Osiris added yet another dimension: autobiographical stelae erected near the Osiris temple at Abydos and specifically designed to place their owners in the care of the god-of-the-dead. The texts of thesestelae often describe their position as being ”at the terrace of the great god”, a description which has caused much scholarly rumination. Just what was the terrace of the great god? This study demonstrates that the texts themselves furnish the conclusive answer. Finally, the reader meets a magnate of Middle Egypt in his splendid tomb, whose carefully stylized autobiography is a classic of Middle Kingdom oratory. Posted at the Zurich Open Repository and Archive, University of Zurich ZORA URL: https://doi.org/10.5167/uzh-141274 Monograph Published Version Originally published at: Lichtheim, Miriam (1988). -
Deified Humans البشر المؤلھيين
DEIFIED HUMANS البشر المؤلھيين Alexandra von Lieven EDITORS WILLEKE WENDRICH Editor-in-Chief University of California, Los Angeles JACCO DIELEMAN Editor Area Editor Religion University of California, Los Angeles ELIZABETH FROOD Editor University of Oxford JOHN BAINES Senior Editorial Consultant University of Oxford Short Citation: von Lieven, 2010, Deified Humans. UEE. Full Citation: von Lieven, Alexandra, 2010, Deified Humans. In Jacco Dieleman, Willeke Wendrich (eds.), UCLA Encyclopedia of Egyptology, Los Angeles. http://digital2.library.ucla.edu/viewItem.do?ark=21198/zz0025k5hz 1278 Version 1, October 2010 http://digital2.library.ucla.edu/viewItem.do?ark=21198/zz0025k5hz DEIFIED HUMANS البشر المؤلھيين Alexandra von Lieven Vergöttlichte Menschen Personnes divinisés In ancient Egypt, humans were occasionally the recipients of cult as saints or even deities after their death. Such deified humans could be private persons as well as royalty, men as well as women. The cults were usually of local significance, but in certain cases, they rose to national prominence. The phenomenon of human deification is well attested in ancient Egypt and appears to have become more prominent and diversified over time. There existed a hierarchy within the group of deified humans. Local patrons and “wise” scribes seem to have been favored objects of deification. Nevertheless, it remains virtually impossible in most cases to determine why one individual was deified and another was not. كانت العقيدة في مصر القديمة تبجل أحيانا بعض اﻷشخاص بعد وفاتھم كقديسين أو حتى كآلھة. وكان من الممكن أن يكون ھؤﻻء البشر المؤلھيين أشخاص عاديين أو ملوك، رجال أو نساء، على حد سواء. كانت تلك العبادات عادة ذات طابعا محليا، ولكن في حاﻻت معينة ازدھرت تلك العبادات واتخذت شھرة قومية. -
In the Shadow of Osiris: Non-Royal Mortuary Landscapes at South
University of Pennsylvania ScholarlyCommons Publicly Accessible Penn Dissertations 1-1-2014 In the Shadow of Osiris: Non-Royal Mortuary Landscapes at South Abydos During the Late Middle and New Kingdoms Kevin Michael Cahail University of Pennsylvania, [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: http://repository.upenn.edu/edissertations Part of the History of Art, Architecture, and Archaeology Commons, and the Islamic World and Near East History Commons Recommended Citation Cahail, Kevin Michael, "In the Shadow of Osiris: Non-Royal Mortuary Landscapes at South Abydos During the Late Middle and New Kingdoms" (2014). Publicly Accessible Penn Dissertations. 1222. http://repository.upenn.edu/edissertations/1222 This paper is posted at ScholarlyCommons. http://repository.upenn.edu/edissertations/1222 For more information, please contact [email protected]. In the Shadow of Osiris: Non-Royal Mortuary Landscapes at South Abydos During the Late Middle and New Kingdoms Abstract Kevin M. Cahail Dr. Josef W. Wegner The site of South Abydos was home to royal mortuary complexes of both the late Middle, and New Kingdoms, belonging to Senwosret III and Ahmose. Thanks to both recent and past excavations, both of these royal establishments are fairly well understood. Yet, we lack a clear picture of the mortuary practices of the non- royal individuals living and working in the shadow of these institutions. For both periods, the main question is where the tombs of the non-royal citizens might exist. Additionally for the Middle Kingdom is the related issue of how these people commemorated their dead ancestors. Divided into two parts, this dissertation looks at the ways in which non-royal individuals living at South Abydos during these two periods dealt with burial and funerary commemoration. -
Report on the 35Th Season of Excavation and Restoration on The
Report on the 38th season of excavation and restoration on the island of Elephantine* by Dietrich Raue, Cornelius von Pilgrim, Felix Arnold, Werner Kaiser, Peter Kopp, Ewa Laskowska-Kusztal The 38th season of the German Institute of Archaeology and the Swiss Institute for Architectural and Archaeological Research on Ancient Egypt at Elephantine was carried out from October 30th, 2008 till December 15th, 2008 and from January 8th to April 4th, 2009. The work on finds from earlier seasons was continued. This included studies of small finds, seal impressions and lithics dating to the Old Kingdom, pottery of the Old, Middle and New Kingdoms, and the Roman era, Nubian pottery, as well as botanical, animal and human remains. The study of architectural fragments of the temples of Satet of the Middle Kingdom, and the Greco-Roman temples of Khnum was continued, together with the conservation of the wooden columns from the palace bakery of the First Intermediate Period. Excavations were carried out in the area between the temple of Satet and the sanctuary of Heqaib, in the precinct of Khnum, and its later occupation layers and at the south-western part of the town enclosure of the 2nd millennium BC (Fig. 1-2). * Participants were D. Raue, P. Kopp, C. von Pilgrim, F. Arnold, J. Auenmüller, L. Bertini, B. Billson, A. Blöbaum, M. Brooker, J. Budka, R. Colman, E. Delange, M. De Dapper, N. Deppe, M. El-Dorri, J. Gresky, L. von Haenigsen, M. Hoffmann, A. Hood, R. Humphreys, M. Jährig, D. Katzjäger, I. Klose, K. Köster, A. Korhonen, A. Krause, E. -
Without Royal Names 201
Without royal names 201 803-030-322 Lower part of stela, man before woman at table (only lower parts), with ‘his wife Pesesh Psš who made his name to live’ seated below, probably late Dyn. XII, in London, Petrie Museum, 14451. Stewart, Eg. Stelae ii, 27 [114] pl. 28 [4]. 803-030-323 Round-topped stela of woman Iu(het)ib Jw(h. t)-jb , dedicated by daughter Nubemwadj Nbw-m-w3d , daughter of Renefres Rn.f-rs , with names of relatives, lower right corner lost, late Dyn. XII or Dyn. XIII, in London, Petrie Museum, 14452. Stewart, Eg. Stelae ii, 25 [105] pl. 25 [4] (as Wennibu). Name Iu(het)ib, see De Meulenaere, H. in Chron. d’Ég. lv (1980), 162 [105]. 803-030-325 Round-topped stela, Ibiau Jb(.j)-jaw , Keeper of Nekhen, and mother Ti Tj , with son(?) Ramosi Ra-ms , Keeper of Nekhen, and a daughter(?) before them, and Ibiau’s aunt and his father Senebrau Snb-r-3w in register below, Dyn. XII or XIII, in London, Petrie Museum, 14455. Stewart, Eg. Stelae ii, 26 [110] pl. 27 [2] (as probably from Abydos). Title of Ibiau, see De Meulenaere, H. in Chron. d’Ég. lv (1980), 162 [110]. 803-030-326 Round-topped stela, Senebsuma Snb-sw-(m-)a(.j) and mother Ibeb Jbb , daughter of woman Peseshet Psšt , Dyn. XIII or 2nd Int. Period, in London, Petrie Museum, 14456. Stewart, Eg. Stelae ii, 32 [136] pl. 34 [1]. 803-030-327 Round-topped stela, Deduneshmet Ddw-nšmt , wab priest of Khons, and wife Nebsumenut Nb-swmnwt , with two sons and two daughters behind Nebsumenut, and names and titles of other people below, Dyn. -
Profiling Punt: Using Trade Relations to Locate ‘God’S Land’
PROFILING PUNT: USING TRADE RELATIONS TO LOCATE ‘GOD’S LAND’ Catherine Lucy Glenister Thesis presented in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Philosophy in Ancient Cultures at the University of Stellenbosch Department of Ancient Studies Faculty of Arts Supervisor: Professor I. Cornelius April 2008 DECLARATION I, the undersigned, hereby declare that the work contained in this research thesis is my own original work and that I have not previously in its entirety or in part submitted it at any university for a degree. Signature: Catherine Lucy Glenister 06/02/2008 Copyright ©2008 Stellenbosch University All rights reserved ABSTRACT The geographical location of Punt has been the subject of much scholarly controversy for years. Numerous locations have been provided, favouring either regions in southern Arabia or East Africa. The latter being the more accepted theory in this case. Locating the region of Punt is linked to the foreign trade relations of Egypt during the Dynastic period. The practices that governed the Egyptian economy and thus its trade relations are studied, along with textual translations and visual sources in order to determine the kind of contact Egypt had with Punt, the trade relations between these two regions and the commodities they traded. These things determine the landscape that Puntites traversed, providing a profile of their habitat, the people that lived in it and thus a possible location for the region, which is believed to encompass the Gash Delta, on the borders of modern day Eritrea, Ethiopia and Sudan. KEYWORDS Punt; Ancient trade; God’s Land; Gash delta OPSOMMING Die geografiese ligging van Punt is jarelank 'n akademiese twispunt.