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Blue Crab Mortality Symposium 2001

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Blue Crab Mortality Symposium 2001 Proceedings: Blue Crab Mortality Symposium () 0 Gulf States Marine Fisheries Commission July 2001 Number90 GULF STATES MARINE FISHERIES COMMISSION Commissioners and Proxies Alabama Warren Triche Riley Boykin Smith Louisiana House of Representatives Alabama Department of Conservation and Natural 100 Tauzin Lane Resources Thibodaux, Louisiana 70301 64 North Union Street Montgomery, Alabama 36130-1901 Frederic L. Miller proxy: Vernon Minton P.O. Box 5098 Marine Resources Division Shreveport, Louisiana 71135-5098 P.O. Drawer 458 Gulf Shores, Alabama 36547 Mississippi Glenn L. Carpenter, Executive Director Walter Penry Mississippi Department of Marine Resources Alabama House of Representatives 1141 Bayview Avenue, Suite 101 12040 County Road 54 Biloxi, Mississippi 39530 Daphne, Alabama 36526 proxy: William S. “Corky” Perret Mississippi Department of Marine Resources Chris Nelson 1141 Bayview Avenue, Suite 101 Bon Secour Fisheries, Inc. Biloxi, Mississippi 39530 P.O. Box 60 Bon Secour, Alabama 36511 Billy Hewes Mississippi House of Representatives Florida P.O. Box 2387 Allan L. Egbert, Executive Director Gulfport, Mississippi 39505 Florida Fish and Wildlife Conservation Commission 620 South Meridian Street Walter J. Blessey Tallahassee, Florida 32399-1600 1012 Beach Boulevard proxy: Ken Haddad, Director Biloxi, MS 39530 Florida Marine Research Institute, FWC 100 8th Avenue SE Texas St. Petersburg, Florida 32399 Andrew Sansom Texas Parks & Wildlife Department Virginia Vail 4200 Smith School Road Division of Marine Fisheries, FWC Austin, Texas 78744 620 South Meridian Street proxy: Hal Osburn Tallahassee, Florida 32399-1600 Texas Parks & Wildlife Department 4200 Smith School Road William M. Ward Austin, Texas 78744 2221 Corrine Street Tampa, Florida 33605 J.E. “Buster” Brown Texas Senate Louisiana P.O. Box 12068 James H. Jenkins, Jr. Austin, Texas 78711 Louisiana Department of Wildlife & Fisheries P.O. Box 98000 L. Don Perkins Baton Rouge, Louisiana 70898-9000 1319 Winrock Boulevard proxy: John Roussel Houston, Texas 77057 Louisiana Department of Wildlife & Fisheries P.O. Box 98000 Baton Rouge, Louisiana 70898-9000 PROCEEDINGS: BLUE CRAB MORTALITY SYMPOSIUM held in conjunction with The Crustacean Society Annual Summer Meeting Lafayette, Louisiana May 28-29, 1999 Edited by VINCENT GUILLORY Louisiana Department of Wildlife and Fisheries Bourg, Louisiana HARRIET PERRY University of Southern Mississippi, Institute of Marine Science, Gulf Coast Research Laboratory Ocean Springs, Mississippi and STEVE VANDERKOOY Gulf States Marine Fisheries Commission Ocean Springs, Mississippi Symposium Sponsored and Published by Gulf States Marine Fisheries Commission Ocean Springs, MS GULF STATES MARINE FISHERIES COMMISSION Interjurisdictional Fisheries Management Program Technical Coordinating Committee’s Crab Subcommittee Vince Guillory Theresa Bert LA Department of Wildlife and Fisheries FWC/Florida Marine Research Institute P.O. Box 189 100 Eighth Avenue, SE Texas Gulf Road St. Petersburg, FL 33701-5095 Bourg, LA 70343 (727) 896-8626, 823-0166-FAX (504) 594-4130, 594-7317-FAX Traci Floyd Tom Wagner Mississippi Department of Marine Resources Texas Parks and Wildlife Department 1141 Bayview Avenue, Suite 101 702 Navigation Circle Biloxi, MS 39530 Rockport, TX 78382 (228) 374-5142, 374-5220 (361)729-2328, 729-1437-FAX Leslie Hartman Harriet M. Perry Alabama Department of Conservation University of Southern Mississippi and Natural Resources College of Marine Science P.O. Drawer 189 Gulf Coast Research Laboratory Dauphin Island, AL 36528 P.O. Box 7000 (334) 861-2882, 861-8741-FAX Ocean Springs, MS 39566-7000 (228) 872-4218, 872-4204-FAX Anne Jackson FWC/Florida Marine Research Institute 100 Eighth Avenue, SE St. Petersburg, FL 33701-5095 (727) 896-8626, 823-0166-FAX ii Preface A symposium on sources and measurement of blue crab (Callinectes sapidus Rathbun) mortality was held in conjunction with the Annual Meeting of the Crustacean Society in Lafayette, Louisiana, on May 28 and 29, 1999. The symposium was sponsored by the Crab Subcommittee of the Gulf States Marine Fisheries Commission (GSMFC). The symposium addressed sources of juvenile and adult blue crab mortality in the form of both review papers and original research findings. The information provided by this Proceedings should stimulate additional questions, investigations, and insights into the sources of mortality on the blue crab population and its implications for the blue crab fishery. Appreciation is extended to Ms. Cindy Yocom and Ms. Lucia Hourihan for their assistance in the final editing of the proceedings. Thanks also goes to numerous reviewers who provided valuable comment on the papers submitted for this publication. iii Table of Contents Title .......................................................................................i Technical Coordinating Committee’s Crab Subcommittee ............................................ ii Preface ....................................................................................iii Table of Contents ............................................................................ iv Effects of environmental contaminants on the blue crab Callinectes sapidus M. Brouwer and R. Lee .................................................................... 1 Post-settlement mortality of juvenile blue crabs: patterns and processes K. Heck, Jr. and P. Spitzer ................................................................ 18 A review of incidental fishing mortalities of blue crabs V. Guillory ............................................................................ 28 Length-based estimates of total mortality for Gulf of Mexico blue crab G. Pellegrin, Jr., V. Guillory, H. Perry, P. Steele, T. Wagner, S. Heath, P. Prejean, and J. Warren ......... 42 Infection and mortality studies with Hematodinium perezi in blue crabs J. Shields .............................................................................. 50 Infestation rates of the ectoco mmensal gill barnacle, Octolasmis muelleri, on blue crabs, effects of salinity and the impact of the barnacle on crab mortality A. Gannon, M. Wheatly, and K. Everson ..................................................... 61 A review of blue crab predators V. Guillory and M. Elliot ................................................................. 69 Patterns of predation on juvenile blue crabs in lower Chesapeake Bay: size, habitat, and seasonality K. Moody ............................................................................. 84 Red drum predation on blue crabs V. Guillory and P. Prejean ................................................................ 93 Oral Presentation Ab stracts .................................................................. 105 v Proceedings of the Blue Crab Mortality Symposium 1-17 Effects of Environmental Contaminants on the Blue Crab Callinectes sapidus MARIUS BROUWER University of Southern Mississippi, Institute of Marine Sciences, Department of Coa stal Sciences, 703 East Beach Drive, Ocean Springs, Mississippi 39564 RICHARD F. LEE Skidaway Institute of Oceanography, 10 Ocean Science Circlem, Savannah, Georgia 31411 Abstract. — A variety of organic and inorganic contaminants, including polycyclic aro matic hydrocarbons (PAHs), organohalogens, pesticides, organometallics and heavy metals, can be present in the blue crab ’s estuarine environment. Our knowledge of the effects of these contaminants on blue crabs decreases from the molecular, cellular, organismal to the population level. For example, much has been learned about the molecular and cellular mechanisms used by the blue crab to detoxify organic contaminants and heavy metals. In addition, the mechanisms underlying the toxicity and sublethal effects of some classes of contaminants are known. Recent studies have shown that PAHs enhance ecdysone (molt hormone)-dependent gene transcription and cell proliferation. At the organismal level PAHs inhibit growth and molting of juvenile blue crabs, suggesting that PAHs act as endocrine disrupters in the crab. Tributyltin inhibits growth of blue crab oocytes and reduces hatching success of embryos. Heavy metals such as mercury, co pper, and cadmium inhibit hatching of blue crab embryos and reduce survival of megalopa and juvenile crabs. Most studies on the effects of contaminants on crabs have been carried out in the laboratory under conditions that may not be environmentally relevant. Little is known about the effects of contaminants on crabs at the population level. A few studies suggest that decreases in populations of blue crabs and grass shrimp have occurred in estuarine creeks impacted by agricultural insecticide runoff. KEY WORDS: Blue crab, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, pesticides, persistent organochlorines, organometals, heavy metals. A variety of anthropogenic chemicals, referred lipid-rich hepatopancreas (Figure 1). The to as xenobiotics, can be present in the blue crab’s crustacean hepatopancreas has many of the (Callinectes sapidus) estuarine environment. functions associated with the vertebrate liver, Organic xenobiotics include aromatic hydrocarbons, pancreas and small intestine. These include organometallics, organohalogens, and various synthesis and secretion of digestive enzymes, pesticides, all of which have the potential to affect uptake of nutrients and accumulation of nutrient blue crab growth, reproduction and development. reserves (Wright and Ahearn, 1997). The Blue crabs collected from a number of hemolymph functions as an important avenue for contaminated
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