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Brief History of Electronic and Computer Musical Instruments
Brief History of Electronic and Computer Musical Instruments Roman Kogan April 15th, 2008 1 Theremin: the birth of electronic music It is impossible to speak of electronic music and not speak of Theremin (remember that high-pitch melody sound sound in Good Vibrations ?) Theremin was the instrument that has started it all. Invented remarkably early - around 1917 - in Russia by Leon Termen (or Theremin, spelling varies) it was the first practical (and portable) electronic music instrument, and also the one that brought the electronic sound to the masses (see [27]). It was preceded by Thelarmonium, a multi-ton monstrocity that never really get a lot of attention (although technically very innovative, see [25]), and some other instruments that fell into obscurity. On the other hand, Leon Theremin got popular well beyond the Soviet Union (where even Lenin got to play his instrument once!). He became a star in the US and taught a generation of Theremin players, Clara Rockmore being the most famous one. In fact, RCA even manufactured Theremins under Leon's design in 1929 ( [27])!. So what was this instrument ? It was a box with two antennas that produced continuous, high-pitch sounds. The performer would approach the instrument and wave hands around the antennas to play it. The distance to the right (vertical) antenna would change the pitch, while the distance to the left (horizontal) antenna would change the volume of the sound (see [2], [3] for more technical details). The Theremin is difficult to play, since, like on violin, the notes and the volume are not quantized (the change in pitch is continuous). -
Sampling Synthesis
10/6/11 Sampling Synthesis • some history • looping • pitch shifting • data reduction A Little History The Mellotron is an electromechanical polyphonic keyboard musical instrument originally developed and built in Birmingham, England in the early 1960s. The heart of the instrument is a bank of parallel linear (not looped) strips of magnetic tape, each with approximately eight seconds of playing time; playback heads underneath (but not directly underneath) each key enable performers to play the pre-recorded sound assigned to that key when pressed. Tape samplers had been explored in research studios the best example being Hugh LeCaine's 1955 keyboard-controlled "Special Purpose Tape Recorder", which he used when recording his classic "Dripsody". 1 10/6/11 Fairlight Instruments Fairlight Instruments was started in Sydney Australia in 1975 by Peter Vogel and Kim Ryrie and was originally established as a manufacturer and retailer of video special effects equipment. The Fairlight CMI or Computer Music Instrument, released in (1979), started life as the QASAR M8. The M8 was hand-wired and legend has it that it took 2 hours to boot up! The CMI was the first commercially available digital sampling instrument. The original Fairlight CMI sampled using a resolution of 8-bits at a rate of 10 kHz; it was equipped with two six octave keyboards, an alphanumeric keyboard, and an interactive video display unit (where soundwaves could be edited or even drawn from scratch using a light pen). Software allowed for editing, looping, and mixing of sounds which could then be played back via the keyboard or the software-based sequencer. -
Vital Series, Mallets
USER MANUAL Produced by Vir2 Instruments 00 Vir2 Instruments is an international team of sound designers, musicians, and programmers who specialize in creating the world’s most advanced virtual instrument libraries. Vir2 is producing the instruments that shape the sound of modern music. 29033 Avenue Sherman, Suite 201 Valencia, CA 91355 Phone:661.295.0761 Web:www.vir2.com 00 MALLETS/ TABLE OF CONTENTS CHAPTER 01: INTRODUCTION TO THE LIBRARY 01 INTRODUCTION TO THE LIBRARY TABLE OF CONTENTS TABLE CHAPTER 02: REQUIREMENTS AND INSTALLATION 02 SYSTEM REQUIREMENTS INSTALLING IN KONTAKT INSTALLING IN KOMPLETE KONTROL & MASCHINE AUTHORIZING UPDATING CHAPTER 03: USING KONTAKT 05 HOW TO ACCESS THE MALLETS LIBRARY FROM KONTAKT USING KONTAKT IN STANDALONE MODE USING KONTAKT WITH YOUR D.A.W. USING KONTAKT WITH ANOTHER HOST CHAPTER 04: GETTING STARTED WITH MALLETS 09 MALLETS OVERVIEW INSTRUMENT CONTROLS INSTRUMENTS TURNED ON VS INSTRUMENTS TURNED OFF GLOBAL FILTER TUNE ROLLS LFO CONTROLS EFFECTS TECHNICAL SUPPORT, ETC. 13 TECH SUPPORT FULL VERSION OF KONTAKT 5 LICENSE AGREEMENT CREDITS 14 CREDITS CHAPTER 01 01 02 MALLETS/ INTRODUCTION TO THE LIBRARY Thank you for purchasing Mallets. / INTRODUCTION TO THE LIBRARY / INTRODUCTION TO Vir2 Instruments is proud to present the first instrument in our Vital Series, Mallets. Mallets brings users a collection of highly detailed, mallet-based instruments, and places them all in an intuitive instrument for the Kontakt CHAPTER 01 Player. Offering multiple mallet types for the Marimba, Xylophone, Glockenspiel, Tubular Bells, Glass Marimba, Song Bells, Vibraphone, and Crotales, Mallets is extremely versatile. Furthermore, each of the aforementioned instruments are available within one single instance of the instrument, allowing for the layering of each instrument for the exploration of endless tonal color. -
Selective Analysis of 20Th Century Contemporary Percussion Ensembles Designated for Three Or More Players
University of Montana ScholarWorks at University of Montana Graduate Student Theses, Dissertations, & Professional Papers Graduate School 1968 Selective analysis of 20th century contemporary percussion ensembles designated for three or more players Raymond Francis Lindsey The University of Montana Follow this and additional works at: https://scholarworks.umt.edu/etd Let us know how access to this document benefits ou.y Recommended Citation Lindsey, Raymond Francis, "Selective analysis of 20th century contemporary percussion ensembles designated for three or more players" (1968). Graduate Student Theses, Dissertations, & Professional Papers. 3513. https://scholarworks.umt.edu/etd/3513 This Thesis is brought to you for free and open access by the Graduate School at ScholarWorks at University of Montana. It has been accepted for inclusion in Graduate Student Theses, Dissertations, & Professional Papers by an authorized administrator of ScholarWorks at University of Montana. For more information, please contact [email protected]. A SELECTIVE ANALYSIS OF 2 0 ^ CENTURY CONTEMPORARY PERCUSSION ENSEMBLES DESIGNATED FOR THREE OR MORE PLAYERS by Raymond Francis Lindsey B.M* University of Montana 1965 Presented in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Music University of Montana 1968 Approved by; L L u ' ! JP. 4 . Chairman, Board of Exami4/ers Deah/, Graduate School 1 :: iosa Date UMI Number: EP35093 All rights reserved INFORMATION TO ALL USERS The quality of this reproduction is dependent upon the quality of the copy submitted. In the unlikely event that the author did not send a complete manuscript and there are missing pages, these will be noted. Also, if material had to be removed, a note will indicate the deletion. -
Digital Developments 70'S
Digital Developments 70’s - 80’s Hybrid Synthesis “GROOVE” • In 1967, Max Mathews and Richard Moore at Bell Labs began to develop Groove (Generated Realtime Operations on Voltage- Controlled Equipment) • In 1970, the Groove system was unveiled at a “Music and Technology” conference in Stockholm. • Groove was a hybrid system which used a Honeywell DDP224 computer to store manual actions (such as twisting knobs, playing a keyboard, etc.) These actions were stored and used to control analog synthesis components in realtime. • Composers Emmanuel Gent and Laurie Spiegel worked with GROOVE Details of GROOVE GROOVE System included: - 2 large disk storage units - a tape drive - an interface for the analog devices (12 8-bit and 2 12-bit converters) - A cathode ray display unit to show the composer a visual representation of the control instructions - Large array of analog components including 12 voltage-controlled oscillators, seven voltage-controlled amplifiers, and two voltage-controlled filters Programming language used: FORTRAN Benefits of the GROOVE System: - 1st digitally controlled realtime system - Musical parameters could be controlled over time (not note-oriented) - Was used to control images too: In 1974, Spiegel used the GROOVE system to implement the program VAMPIRE (Video and Music Program for Interactive, Realtime Exploration) • Laurie Spiegel at the GROOVE Console at Bell Labs (mid 70s) The 1st Digital Synthesizer “The Synclavier” • In 1972, composer Jon Appleton, the Founder and Director of the Bregman Electronic Music Studio at Dartmouth wanted to find a way to control a Moog synthesizer with a computer • He raised this idea to Sydney Alonso, a professor of Engineering at Dartmouth and Cameron Jones, a student in music and computer science at Dartmouth. -
From Musique Concrète to the Fairlight
The Lost Art Of Sampling: Part 1 By Steve Howell Most modern musicians use samples, even if only in S&S keyboards or virtual instruments. But sampling itself has become something of a lost art. In the first of a short series on rediscovering this skill, we look back at how the technique and the technology developed. Sampling technology has become so widespread that it is no longer considered remarkable. Indeed, in many ways, it has become 'invisible' — so widely accepted and taken for granted that no-one notices it any more. Everywhere you look, you'll see sampling in action: in the stored messages on modern ansaphones, in those muffled train and airport announcements you can never quite catch the gist of when you're in a hurry, and in those dreadful menu-driven customer service lines so beloved of companies claiming to offer "a better, more focused customer service experience". Wherever we turn, we have first-hand experience of 'sampling' in one form or another. It's the same in the modern music-making industry — sampling technology is at work in the vast majority of synth, keyboard and virtual-instrument products on the market. Whereas synths were once all powered by analogue oscillators which generated a limited range of electronic waveforms, these circuits have largely been replaced in modern hardware synths by chips containing samples of a colossal range of instruments, including analogue-synth-style sawtooth, square and triangle waveforms to complete the illusion. Even some of the 'modelled' analogue synths use carefully engineered multisamples of analogue (and other) waveforms as the basis of their synthesis methods. -
O Du Mein Österreich: Patriotic Music and Multinational Identity in The
O du mein Österreich: Patriotic Music and Multinational Identity in the Austro-Hungarian Empire by Jason Stephen Heilman Department of Music Duke University Date: _______________________ Approved: ______________________________ Bryan R. Gilliam, Supervisor ______________________________ Scott Lindroth ______________________________ James Rolleston ______________________________ Malachi Hacohen Dissertation submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in the Department of Music in the Graduate School of Duke University 2009 ABSTRACT O du mein Österreich: Patriotic Music and Multinational Identity in the Austro-Hungarian Empire by Jason Stephen Heilman Department of Music Duke University Date: _______________________ Approved: ______________________________ Bryan R. Gilliam, Supervisor ______________________________ Scott Lindroth ______________________________ James Rolleston ______________________________ Malachi Hacohen An abstract of a dissertation submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in the Department of Music in the Graduate School of Duke University 2009 Copyright by Jason Stephen Heilman 2009 Abstract As a multinational state with a population that spoke eleven different languages, the Austro-Hungarian Empire was considered an anachronism during the age of heightened nationalism leading up to the First World War. This situation has made the search for a single Austro-Hungarian identity so difficult that many historians have declared it impossible. Yet the Dual Monarchy possessed one potentially unifying cultural aspect that has long been critically neglected: the extensive repertoire of marches and patriotic music performed by the military bands of the Imperial and Royal Austro- Hungarian Army. This Militärmusik actively blended idioms representing the various nationalist musics from around the empire in an attempt to reflect and even celebrate its multinational makeup. -
A History of Sampling
Organised Sound http://journals.cambridge.org/OSO Additional services for Organised Sound: Email alerts: Click here Subscriptions: Click here Commercial reprints: Click here Terms of use : Click here A history of sampling HUGH DAVIES Organised Sound / Volume 1 / Issue 01 / April 1996, pp 3 - 11 DOI: null, Published online: 08 September 2000 Link to this article: http://journals.cambridge.org/abstract_S135577189600012X How to cite this article: HUGH DAVIES (1996). A history of sampling. Organised Sound, 1, pp 3-11 Request Permissions : Click here Downloaded from http://journals.cambridge.org/OSO, IP address: 128.59.222.12 on 11 May 2014 TUTORIAL ARTICLE A history of sampling HUGH DAVIES 25 Albert Road, London N4 3RR Since the mid-1980s commercial digital samplers have At the end of the 1980s other digital methods of become widespread. The idea of musical instruments which solving some of the problems inherent in high quality have no sounds of their own is, however, much older, not PCM began to be explored. In ®gure 1(b) pulse-ampli- just in the form of analogue samplers like the Mellotron, tude is shown as a vertical measurement in which but in ancient myths and legends from China and elsewhere. information is encoded as the relative height of each This history of both digital and analogue samplers relates successive regular pulse. The remaining possibilities the latter to the early musique concreÁte of Pierre Schaeffer and others, and also describes a variety of one-off systems are horizontal, such as a string of coded numerical devised by composers and performers. values for PCM, and the relative widths (lengths) of otherwise identical pulses and their density (the spac- ing between them). -
Minitaur Editor マニュアル
MINITAUR ANALOG BASS SYNTHESIZER エディターユーザーズマニュアル MINITAUR エディターマニュアル オーバービュー & フィーチャー Minitaur Plugin と Standalone Editor を使用することにより、リアルタイムの編集、プリセットライブラリ管理やシェアリ ング、ホスト DAW との統合が可能となります。これにより Minitaur の強力な 諸機能を簡単に利用することができます。 Minitaur Editor は DAW 上で作動している VST や AU,RTAS あるいは AAX フォーマットにも対応しています。 Minitaur Editor には 3 つのスクリーンレイアウトがあります : PANEL UNDER THE HOOD EXTENDED このモードでは、 Minitaur のフロント このモードでは、このソフトウェア このモードでは一つの画面上で パネルの外観と感覚で操作を行うこと 自身もしくはハードウェアコントロ PANEL と UNDER THE HOOD のど が可能です。 ーラーのような MIDI コントロール ちらも利用することができます。また、 ソースからのみ操作可能な Minitaur エンベロープ・リリースを追加して個 が持つ様々な音作りの追加機能を手 別に利用することも可能です。 軽に利用することができます。 PRESET MANAGER と SETTINGS へアクセスするボタンもここに置かれています。 注意 : このソフトウェアは MIDI コントロール専用です。音声を作成・処理することは出来ません。 より詳細な機能の説明については、Minitaur Manual を参照してください: http://www.moogmusic.com/products/taurus/minitaur#downloads-tab 1 動作環境 Mac: OS X 10.6.8 以上 PC: Windows 7 以上、Intel もしくは AMD のプロセッサ搭載 • 使用可能な USB ポートもしくは DIN MIDI IN/OUT。 • VST, AU, RTAS, AAM プラットフォーム対応の DAW 。 • Minitaur のファームウェアは 2.1.0 以上を必要とします。 VST 互換性 : 2.4+ もしくは VST 3+ サポートについては DAW のソフトウェアメーカにお問い合わせください。 全ての仕様は予告なしに変更されることがあります。 設定 & 接続 USB ケーブルで Minitaur シンセサイザをコンピュータに接続してください。 注意 :ご自身の Mac/PC で MIDI I/O を設定してください。 コンピュータやオーディオデバイスへの接続についての詳細は Minitaur User’s Manual の 4-5 ページを参照して ください。 インストール : Mac ユーザー : .pkg ファイルをクリックし、インストールしたいエディタのバージョンを 選択したのち CONTINUE ボタンをクリックしてください。 Windows ユーザー : 手動で.dll ファイルをデフォルトの VST プラグインのディレクトリに保存して下さ い。 32 Bit: C:\Program Files(x86)\”Name of DAW manufacturer”\Vst Plugins\ 64 Bit : C:\Program Files\”Name of DAW manufacturer”\VST Plugins\ (for 64 bit) RTAS: -
Beneath a Canvas of Green a Conductor's Analysis and Comprehensive Survey of Related Works for Percussion Ensemble and Winds B
i BENEATH A CANVAS OF GREEN A CONDUCTOR’S ANALYSIS AND COMPREHENSIVE SURVEY OF RELATED WORKS FOR PERCUSSION ENSEMBLE AND WINDS BY TONYA PATRICE MITCHELL Submitted to the graduate degree program in the School of Music and the Graduate Faculty of the University of Kansas in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Musical Arts. ____________________________________ Chairperson Paul W. Popiel ____________________________________ Matthew O. Smith ____________________________________ Sharon Toulouse ____________________________________ Forest Pierce ____________________________________ Martin Bergee Date Defended: April 18, 2018 ii The Lecture Recital Committee for TONYA P. MITCHELL certifies that this is the approved version of the following document: BENEATH A CANVAS OF GREEN A CONDUCTOR’S ANALYSIS AND COMPREHENSIVE SURVEY OF RELATED WORKS FOR PERCUSSION ENSEMBLE AND WINDS ____________________________________ Chairperson Paul W. Popiel Date Approved: April 18, 2018 iii ABSTRACT This document functions as an examination of Aaron Perrine’s (1979) Beneath a Canvas of Green (2018), a work for percussion ensemble and wind band. Included in this paper are sections outlining the composer’s background, the conception and commissioning process of the piece, a conductor’s analysis, rehearsal considerations, final thoughts regarding the necessity of new commissions and their impact on the development of band repertoire, as well as a historical overview of the percussion ensemble and list of similar works for this medium. iv ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS I would like to thank Aaron Perrine for collaborating with me on the production of this beautiful composition. I’d also like to thank Michael Compitello for assisting with the percussion design and set-up. I thank the members of the University of Kansas Wind Ensemble for enacting our vision. -
11C Software 1034-1187
Section11c PHOTO - VIDEO - PRO AUDIO Computer Software Ableton.........................................1036-1038 Arturia ...................................................1039 Antares .........................................1040-1044 Arkaos ....................................................1045 Bias ...............................................1046-1051 Bitheadz .......................................1052-1059 Bomb Factory ..............................1060-1063 Celemony ..............................................1064 Chicken Systems...................................1065 Eastwest/Quantum Leap ............1066-1069 IK Multimedia .............................1070-1078 Mackie/UA ...................................1079-1081 McDSP ..........................................1082-1085 Metric Halo..................................1086-1088 Native Instruments .....................1089-1103 Propellerhead ..............................1104-1108 Prosoniq .......................................1109-1111 Serato............................................1112-1113 Sonic Foundry .............................1114-1127 Spectrasonics ...............................1128-1130 Syntrillium ............................................1131 Tascam..........................................1132-1147 TC Works .....................................1148-1157 Ultimate Soundbank ..................1158-1159 Universal Audio ..........................1160-1161 Wave Mechanics..........................1162-1165 Waves ...........................................1166-1185 -
THE COMPLETE SYNTHESIZER: a Comprehensive Guide by David Crombie (1984)
THE COMPLETE SYNTHESIZER: A Comprehensive Guide By David Crombie (1984) Digitized by Neuronick (2001) TABLE OF CONTENTS TABLE OF CONTENTS...........................................................................................................................................2 PREFACE.................................................................................................................................................................5 INTRODUCTION ......................................................................................................................................................5 "WHAT IS A SYNTHESIZER?".............................................................................................................................5 CHAPTER 1: UNDERSTANDING SOUND .............................................................................................................6 WHAT IS SOUND? ...............................................................................................................................................7 THE THREE ELEMENTS OF SOUND .................................................................................................................7 PITCH ...................................................................................................................................................................8 STANDARD TUNING............................................................................................................................................8 THE RESPONSE OF THE HUMAN