DOCSLIB.ORG

Phylogeny of the Genus Argia (Odonata: Coenagrionidae) with Emphasis on Evolution

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Phylogeny of the Genus Argia (Odonata: Coenagrionidae) with Emphasis on Evolution Phylogeny of the Genus Argia (Odonata: Coenagrionidae) with Emphasis on Evolution of Reproductive Morphology Dissertation Presented in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree Doctor of Philosophy in the Graduate School of The Ohio State University By Ryan Matthew Caesar Graduate Program in Evolution, Ecology and Organismal Biology The Ohio State University 2012 Dissertation Committee: Dr. Norman Johnson, Advisor Dr. Marymegan Daly Dr. John Freudenstein Dr. Hans Klompen Copyright by Ryan Matthew Caesar 2012 Abstract The damselfly genus Argia is found throughout the New World where some species are common and abundant members of lotic freshwater and adjacent ecosystems. Argia species are not only important predators of aquatic and terrestrial invertebrates but are themselves an important prey item to a variety of other insects and vertebrates. The distribution of species is highly variable within the genus and some species are locally threatened or endangered due to range limitation and habitat loss. Damselflies and dragonflies (Odonata) may be useful indicators of aquatic ecosystem health as well as indicators of climate change. There are approximately 120 species described with at least twenty suspected undescribed species. The taxonomy of the North American species is well known, but the Central and South American species are in need of revision. The phylogeny of the genus has never been studied using modern, repeatable methods. Therefore the evolutionary history of the genus has never been thoroughly explored. The reproductive biology of Odonata is unique among insects and provides a model system for testing hypotheses related to character evolution by sexual selection and other mechanisms of evolution. Argia species have unique morphologies of male and female secondary sexual characters, the modified cerci and paraprocts of males and the ii corresponding plates of the female pro- and meso-nota that are grasped by males during copulation and oviposition. The patterns of variation in these structures, both within and among species, may reveal the extent to which sexual and natural selection help shape the current diversity of the group. This dissertation presents phylogenetic hypotheses for the genus Argia using data from external morphology and ribosomal DNA. Maximum parsimony and maximum likelihood analyses were performed on the data, resulting in topologies that are mostly congruent, well-resolved, and moderately to highly supported. The variation in male cercus morphology is examined using three dimensional morphometrics where shape is quantified from computer tomography models. The phylogenetic hypotheses are used to examine patterns of cercus variation across the genus. The same methods are applied to populations of the widespread species Argia moesta in an attempt to test whether intrasexual selection applies to these important reproductive structures. iii Dedication Dedicated to my Father, Rodney Bruce Caesar January 8, 1949 – July 22, 2009 iv Acknowledgments There are many people who directly and indirectly played key roles in my graduate training and the production of this dissertation. I cannot possibly thank these people enough within the confines of this document, but I will mention them in brief as a sincere token of my appreciation for their support, guidance, and love. I would like to foremost thank my committee members for their guidance and patience during my time as a graduate student at Ohio State: Dr. Meg Daly, Dr. Hans Klompen, Dr. John Freudenstein and my advisor Dr. Norm Johnson. Not only has their instruction been instrumental in my growth as a biologist, for which I am especially grateful. I came to Ohio State and worked for several years as a student of Dr. John Wenzel before he took a position outside of the university. John taught me more about phylogenetic systematics, natural history, and many other topics than anyone else in my life. I am indebted to him for expanding my knowledge and abilities as a biologist and educator and for his support and friendship. Without the assistance of two generous scientists my work would not have been possible. I especially thank Dr. Rosser Garrison of the California Department of Food v and Agriculture and Dr. Mark McPeek of Dartmouth College for sharing their expertise with me on odonate biology. Dr. Ajit Chaudpari of the OSU Sports Biomechanics laboratory generously lent me use of his facilities computers and software for CT image analysis. My undergraduate advisor Dr. John Abbott of the University of Texas and my master’s degree advisor Dr. Anthony Cognato of Michigan State University continue to serve as mentors and friends, and their role in shaping me as a scientist is considerable. I thank them for all they continue to do for me. As an undergraduate student, Ahalya Skandarajah assisted me with molecular laboratory work. She presented a posted of her contributions at the Annual Meeting of the Entomological Society of America in Indianapolis in 2010. Members of the Wenzel lab that overlapped with me have not only become good friends but also helped shape many of the ideas in this dissertation: Sibyl Bucheli, Hojun Song, Joe Raczkowsi, Todd Gilligan, and Glené Mynhardt. For their friendship and collegiality I am eternally grateful. Many fellow graduate students, postdocs and researchers in the Museum of Biological Diversity at Ohio State have been helpful and inspirational along the way and I thank you immensely, including: Craig Barrett, Elijah Talamas, Steve Passoa, Alejandro Valerio, Charuwat Taekul, Monica Farfan, Kaitlyn Upstrom, Annie Lindgren, Brandon Sinn, Paul Larson, Abby Reft, Luciana Gusmao. I am grateful to my immediate family members for various forms of support, including but not limited to financial, motivational, and emotional: my parents-in-law Jim vi and Rita Shave, my brother-in-law Ryan Shave and his wife Carol, my sister Jenny Cresswell and her husband Ronny, my brother Chris, and my parents Rodney and Sue. For my entire life, Mom and Dad provided gentle guidance, never imposing demands but always suggesting that I explore all options and alternatives and take the path that suited me best. I hope I have done so. Most importantly of all, I thank my loving wife Jenny. She provided vast technical assistance with the production of figures for this document as well as numerous presentations throughout my graduate career, and her skills as a production artist are immeasurable. Her support, patience, and friendship are invaluable. Along the way, she gave me the greatest gift of my life, our son August Rodney. I’m sorry I took so long, and I love you dearly! vii Vita August 16, 1975 ........................................................ Born- Fort Knox, Kentucky May 2001 .................................................................. B.A. Zoology, University of Texas May 2004 .................................................................. M.S. Entomology, Texas A&M University Publications Caesar, R. M., N. Gillette, and A.I. Cognato. 2005. Population Genetic Structure of an Edaphic Beetle (Ptiliidae) Among Late Successional Reserves in the Klamath- Siskiyou Ecoregion, California. Annals of the Entomological Society of America 98(6): 931-940. Caesar, R. M., M. Sörensson, and A. I. Cognato. 2006. Integrating DNA Data and Traditional Taxonomy to Streamline Biodiversity Assessment: An example from Edaphic Beetles in the Klamath Ecoregion, California, USA. Diversity and Distributions 12(5): 483-489. Caesar, R.M. and J.W. Wenzel. 2009. A Phylogenetic Test of Classical Species Groups in Argia (Odonata: Coenagrionidae). Entomologica Americana 115(2): 97-108. viii Fields of Study Major Field: Evolution, Ecology and Organizmal Biology Specialization: Entomology, Systematics of Odonata ix Table of Contents Abstract ............................................................................................................................... ii Dedication .......................................................................................................................... iv Acknowledgments............................................................................................................... v Vita ................................................................................................................................... viii Table of Contents ................................................................................................................ x List of Tables .................................................................................................................... xv List of Figures .................................................................................................................. xvi Chapter 1 : General Introduction ....................................................................................... 1 The Order Odonata .......................................................................................................... 1 The Genus Argia ............................................................................................................. 2 Description of Dissertation Project ................................................................................. 3 Chapter 2 : A Phylogenetic Test of Classical Species Groups in Argia (Odonata: Coenagrionidae) .................................................................................................................. 5 Introduction ....................................................................................................................
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Olive Clubtail (Stylurus Olivaceus) in Canada, Prepared Under Contract with Environment Canada
    COSEWIC Assessment and Status Report on the Olive Clubtail Stylurus olivaceus in Canada ENDANGERED 2011 COSEWIC status reports are working documents used in assigning the status of wildlife species suspected of being at risk. This report may be cited as follows: COSEWIC. 2011. COSEWIC assessment and status report on the Olive Clubtail Stylurus olivaceus in Canada. Committee on the Status of Endangered Wildlife in Canada. Ottawa. x + 58 pp. (www.sararegistry.gc.ca/status/status_e.cfm). Production note: COSEWIC would like to acknowledge Robert A. Cannings, Sydney G. Cannings, Leah R. Ramsay and Richard J. Cannings for writing the status report on Olive Clubtail (Stylurus olivaceus) in Canada, prepared under contract with Environment Canada. This report was overseen and edited by Paul Catling, Co-chair of the COSEWIC Arthropods Specialist Subcommittee. For additional copies contact: COSEWIC Secretariat c/o Canadian Wildlife Service Environment Canada Ottawa, ON K1A 0H3 Tel.: 819-953-3215 Fax: 819-994-3684 E-mail: COSEWIC/[email protected] http://www.cosewic.gc.ca Également disponible en français sous le titre Ếvaluation et Rapport de situation du COSEPAC sur le gomphe olive (Stylurus olivaceus) au Canada. Cover illustration/photo: Olive Clubtail — Photo by Jim Johnson. Permission granted for reproduction. ©Her Majesty the Queen in Right of Canada, 2011. Catalogue No. CW69-14/637-2011E-PDF ISBN 978-1-100-18707-5 Recycled paper COSEWIC Assessment Summary Assessment Summary – May 2011 Common name Olive Clubtail Scientific name Stylurus olivaceus Status Endangered Reason for designation This highly rare, stream-dwelling dragonfly with striking blue eyes is known from only 5 locations within three separate regions of British Columbia.
    [Show full text]
  • IDF-Report 62 (2013)
    International Dragonfly Fund - Report Journal of the International Dragonfly Fund ISSN 1435-3393 Content Garrison, Rosser & Natalia von Ellenrieder A contribution to the study of the biodiversity of Odonata in Costa Rica with an emphasis on the genus Argia (Insecta: Odonata: Coenagrionidae) 1-23 Volume 62 2013 The International Dragonfly Fund (IDF) is a scientific society founded in 1996 for the improvement of odonatological knowledge and the protection of species. Internet: http://www.dragonflyfund.org/ This series intends to publish studies promoted by IDF and to facilitate cost-efficient and rapid dis- semination of odonatological data. Editorial Work: Martin Schorr Layout: Martin Schorr Indexed by Zoological Record, Thomson Reuters, UK Home page of IDF: Holger Hunger Printing: ikt Trier, Germany Impressum: International Dragonfly Fund - Report - Volume 62 Date of publication: 21.10.2013 Publisher: International Dragonfly Fund e.V., Schulstr. 7B, 54314 Zerf, Germany. E-mail: [email protected] Responsible editor: Martin Schorr International Dragonfly Fund - Report 62 (2013): 1-23 1 A contribution to the study of the biodiversity of Odonata in Costa Rica with an emphasis on the genus Argia (Insecta: Odonata: Coenagrionidae) Rosser W. Garrison1 & Natalia von Ellenrieder2 Plant Pest Diagnostics Branch, California Department of Food & Agriculture, 3294 Meadowview Road, Sacramento, CA 95832-1448, U.S.A. [email protected], [email protected] Pairs of Argia cupraurea in tandem perching along sunny river margins in Limón province. Abstract A two week trip to Costa Rica was conducted between 26 May and 8 June 2013, sampling odonates in several provinces along the center to the pacific southern por- tion of the country.
    [Show full text]
  • (Insecta: Odonata: Coenagrionidae) Including A
    Revista Mexicana de Biodiversidad Revista Mexicana de Biodiversidad 89 (2018): 921 - 926 Conservation Estimating distribution area in six Argia damselflies (Insecta: Odonata: Coenagrionidae) including A. garrisoni, a threatened species Estimando el área de distribución de seis caballitos del diablo del género Argia (Insecta: Odonata: Coenagrionidae) incluyendo A. garrisoni, una especie amenazada Laura Rangel-Sánchez a, Angela Nava-Bolaños b, *, Fredy Palacino-Rodríguez a, c, Alex Córdoba-Aguilar b, a Grupo de Investigación en Odonatos de Colombia-Grupo de Investigación en Biología, Departamento de Biología, Universidad El Bosque, Av. Cra 9 No. 131A-02 Bogotá, Colombia b Departamento de Ecología Evolutiva, Instituto de Ecología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Apartado postal 70-275, Circuito Exterior, Ciudad Universitaria, 04510 Coyoacán, México City, Mexico c Centro de Investigación en Acarología, Calle 152B # 55-45, Bogotá, Colombia * Corresponding author: [email protected] (A. Nava-Bolaños) Received: 17 September 2017; accepted: 7 March 2018 Abstract Damselflies and dragonflies (Insecta: Odonata) are currently facing a number of threats. One tool to provide a straightforward assessment of risk is distribution area. Here we have used ecological niche modeling to estimate distribution range for 6 species of Argia damselflies distributed in North America: A. cuprea, A. funcki, A. garrisoni, A. harknessi, A. munda, and A. rhoadsi. These species are not included in the International Union for the Conservation of Nature (IUCN) Red List, except for A. garrisoni which has been categorized as Least Concern. Our results indicated large distribution areas for all species, except for A. garrisoni, (8,038 km2 after a refinement analysis looking for suitable habitat).
    [Show full text]
  • ABSTRACT Gregarine Parasitism in Dragonfly Populations of Central
    ABSTRACT Gregarine Parasitism in Dragonfly Populations of Central Texas with an Assessment of Fitness Costs in Erythemis simplicicollis Jason L. Locklin, Ph.D. Mentor: Darrell S. Vodopich, Ph.D. Dragonfly parasites are widespread and frequently include gregarines (Phylum Apicomplexa) in the gut of the host. Gregarines are ubiquitous protozoan parasites that infect arthropods worldwide. More than 1,600 gregarine species have been described, but only a small percentage of invertebrates have been surveyed for these apicomplexan parasites. Some consider gregarines rather harmless, but recent studies suggest otherwise. Odonate-gregarine studies have more commonly involved damselflies, and some have considered gregarines to rarely infect dragonflies. In this study, dragonfly populations were surveyed for gregarines and an assessment of fitness costs was made in a common and widespread host species, Erythemis simplicicollis. Adult dragonfly populations were surveyed weekly at two reservoirs in close proximity to one another and at a flow-through wetland system. Gregarine prevalences and intensities were compared within host populations between genders, among locations, among wing loads, and through time. Host fitness parameters measured included wing load, egg size, clutch size, and total egg count. Of the 37 dragonfly species surveyed, 14 species (38%) hosted gregarines. Thirteen of those species were previously unreported as hosts. Gregarine prevalences ranged from 2% – 52%. Intensities ranged from 1 – 201. Parasites were aggregated among their hosts. Gregarines were found only in individuals exceeding a minimum wing load, indicating that gregarines are likely not transferred from the naiad to adult during emergence. Prevalence and intensity exhibited strong seasonality during both years at one of the reservoirs, but no seasonal trend was detected at the wetland.
    [Show full text]
  • A Survey of Odonata of the Patoka River National Wildlife Refuge and Management Area
    2012. Proceedings of the Indiana Academy of Science 121(1):54–61 A SURVEY OF ODONATA OF THE PATOKA RIVER NATIONAL WILDLIFE REFUGE AND MANAGEMENT AREA Donald L. Batema* and Amanda Bellian: Department of Chemistry, Environmental Studies Program, University of Evansville, 1800 Lincoln Avenue, Evansville, IN 47722 USA Lindsey Landowski: Mingo National Wildlife Refuge, Puxico, MO. 63960 USA ABSTRACT. The Patoka River National Wildlife Refuge and Management Area (hereafter Patoka River Refuge or the Refuge) represents one of the largest intact bottomland hardwood forests in southern Indiana, with meandering oxbows, marshes, ponds, managed moist-soil units, and constructed wetlands that provide diverse and suitable habitat for wildlife. Refuge personnel strive to protect, restore, and manage this bottomland hardwood ecosystem and associated habitats for a variety of wildlife. The Patoka River National Wildlife Refuge Comprehensive Conservation Plan (CCP) lists many species of management priority (McCoy 2008), but Odonata are not included, even though they are known to occur on the Refuge. The absence of Odonata from the CCP is the result of lack of information about this ecologically important group of organisms. Therefore, we conducted a survey, from May to October 2009, to document their presence, with special attention being paid to rare, threatened, and endangered species. A total of 43 dragonfly and damselfly species were collected and identified. No threatened or endangered species were found on the Refuge, but three species were found that are considered imperiled in Indiana based on Nature Serve Ranks (Stein 2002). Additionally, 19 new odonate records were documented for Pike County, Indiana. The results of this survey will be used by Refuge personnel to assist in management decisions and to help establish priorities for the Patoka River Refuge activities and land acquisition goals.
    [Show full text]
  • Table of Contents 2
    Southwest Association of Freshwater Invertebrate Taxonomists (SAFIT) List of Freshwater Macroinvertebrate Taxa from California and Adjacent States including Standard Taxonomic Effort Levels 1 March 2011 Austin Brady Richards and D. Christopher Rogers Table of Contents 2 1.0 Introduction 4 1.1 Acknowledgments 5 2.0 Standard Taxonomic Effort 5 2.1 Rules for Developing a Standard Taxonomic Effort Document 5 2.2 Changes from the Previous Version 6 2.3 The SAFIT Standard Taxonomic List 6 3.0 Methods and Materials 7 3.1 Habitat information 7 3.2 Geographic Scope 7 3.3 Abbreviations used in the STE List 8 3.4 Life Stage Terminology 8 4.0 Rare, Threatened and Endangered Species 8 5.0 Literature Cited 9 Appendix I. The SAFIT Standard Taxonomic Effort List 10 Phylum Silicea 11 Phylum Cnidaria 12 Phylum Platyhelminthes 14 Phylum Nemertea 15 Phylum Nemata 16 Phylum Nematomorpha 17 Phylum Entoprocta 18 Phylum Ectoprocta 19 Phylum Mollusca 20 Phylum Annelida 32 Class Hirudinea Class Branchiobdella Class Polychaeta Class Oligochaeta Phylum Arthropoda Subphylum Chelicerata, Subclass Acari 35 Subphylum Crustacea 47 Subphylum Hexapoda Class Collembola 69 Class Insecta Order Ephemeroptera 71 Order Odonata 95 Order Plecoptera 112 Order Hemiptera 126 Order Megaloptera 139 Order Neuroptera 141 Order Trichoptera 143 Order Lepidoptera 165 2 Order Coleoptera 167 Order Diptera 219 3 1.0 Introduction The Southwest Association of Freshwater Invertebrate Taxonomists (SAFIT) is charged through its charter to develop standardized levels for the taxonomic identification of aquatic macroinvertebrates in support of bioassessment. This document defines the standard levels of taxonomic effort (STE) for bioassessment data compatible with the Surface Water Ambient Monitoring Program (SWAMP) bioassessment protocols (Ode, 2007) or similar procedures.
    [Show full text]
  • Odonatological Abstract Service
    Odonatological Abstract Service published by the INTERNATIONAL DRAGONFLY FUND (IDF) in cooperation with the WORLDWIDE DRAGONFLY ASSOCIATION (WDA) Editors: Dr. Klaus Reinhardt, Dept Animal and Plant Sciences, University of Sheffield, Sheffield S10 2TN, UK. Tel. ++44 114 222 0105; E-mail: [email protected] Martin Schorr, Schulstr. 7B, D-54314 Zerf, Germany. Tel. ++49 (0)6587 1025; E-mail: [email protected] Dr. Milen Marinov, 7/160 Rossall Str., Merivale 8014, Christchurch, New Zealand. E-mail: [email protected] Published in Rheinfelden, Germany and printed in Trier, Germany. ISSN 1438-0269 years old) than old beaver ponds. These studies have 1997 concluded, based on waterfowl use only, that new bea- ver ponds are more productive for waterfowl than old 11030. Prejs, A.; Koperski, P.; Prejs, K. (1997): Food- beaver ponds. I tested the hypothesis that productivity web manipulation in a small, eutrophic Lake Wirbel, Po- in beaver ponds, in terms of macroinvertebrates and land: the effect of replacement of key predators on epi- water quality, declined with beaver pond succession. In phytic fauna. Hydrobiologia 342: 377-381. (in English) 1993 and 1994, fifteen and nine beaver ponds, respec- ["The effect of fish removal on the invertebrate fauna tively, of three different age groups (new, mid-aged, old) associated with Stratiotes aloides was studied in a shal- were sampled for invertebrates and water quality to low, eutrophic lake. The biomass of invertebrate preda- quantify differences among age groups. No significant tors was approximately 2.5 times higher in the inverte- differences (p < 0.05) were found in invertebrates or brate dominated year (1992) than in the fish-dominated water quality among different age classes.
    [Show full text]
  • 2010 Animal Species of Concern
    MONTANA NATURAL HERITAGE PROGRAM Animal Species of Concern Species List Last Updated 08/05/2010 219 Species of Concern 86 Potential Species of Concern All Records (no filtering) A program of the University of Montana and Natural Resource Information Systems, Montana State Library Introduction The Montana Natural Heritage Program (MTNHP) serves as the state's information source for animals, plants, and plant communities with a focus on species and communities that are rare, threatened, and/or have declining trends and as a result are at risk or potentially at risk of extirpation in Montana. This report on Montana Animal Species of Concern is produced jointly by the Montana Natural Heritage Program (MTNHP) and Montana Department of Fish, Wildlife, and Parks (MFWP). Montana Animal Species of Concern are native Montana animals that are considered to be "at risk" due to declining population trends, threats to their habitats, and/or restricted distribution. Also included in this report are Potential Animal Species of Concern -- animals for which current, often limited, information suggests potential vulnerability or for which additional data are needed before an accurate status assessment can be made. Over the last 200 years, 5 species with historic breeding ranges in Montana have been extirpated from the state; Woodland Caribou (Rangifer tarandus), Greater Prairie-Chicken (Tympanuchus cupido), Passenger Pigeon (Ectopistes migratorius), Pilose Crayfish (Pacifastacus gambelii), and Rocky Mountain Locust (Melanoplus spretus). Designation as a Montana Animal Species of Concern or Potential Animal Species of Concern is not a statutory or regulatory classification. Instead, these designations provide a basis for resource managers and decision-makers to make proactive decisions regarding species conservation and data collection priorities in order to avoid additional extirpations.
    [Show full text]
  • Argia the News Journal of the Dragonfly Society of the Americas
    ISSN 1061-8503 TheA News Journalrgia of the Dragonfly Society of the Americas Volume 22 17 December 2010 Number 4 Published by the Dragonfly Society of the Americas http://www.DragonflySocietyAmericas.org/ ARGIA Vol. 22, No. 4, 17 December 2010 In This Issue .................................................................................................................................................................1 Calendar of Events ......................................................................................................................................................1 Minutes of the 2010 Annual Meeting of the Dragonfly Society of the Americas, by Steve Valley ............................2 2010 Treasurer’s Report, by Jerrell J. Daigle ................................................................................................................2 Enallagma novaehispaniae Calvert (Neotropical Bluet), Another New Species for Arizona, by Rich Bailowitz ......3 Photos Needed ............................................................................................................................................................3 Lestes australis (Southern Spreadwing), New for Arizona, by Rich Bailowitz ...........................................................4 Ischnura barberi (Desert Forktail) Found in Oregon, by Jim Johnson ........................................................................4 Recent Discoveries in Montana, by Nathan S. Kohler ...............................................................................................5
    [Show full text]
  • A Checklist of North American Odonata, 2021 1 Each Species Entry in the Checklist Is a Paragraph In- Table 2
    A Checklist of North American Odonata Including English Name, Etymology, Type Locality, and Distribution Dennis R. Paulson and Sidney W. Dunkle 2021 Edition (updated 12 February 2021) A Checklist of North American Odonata Including English Name, Etymology, Type Locality, and Distribution 2021 Edition (updated 12 February 2021) Dennis R. Paulson1 and Sidney W. Dunkle2 Originally published as Occasional Paper No. 56, Slater Museum of Natural History, University of Puget Sound, June 1999; completely revised March 2009; updated February 2011, February 2012, October 2016, November 2018, and February 2021. Copyright © 2021 Dennis R. Paulson and Sidney W. Dunkle 2009, 2011, 2012, 2016, 2018, and 2021 editions published by Jim Johnson Cover photo: Male Calopteryx aequabilis, River Jewelwing, from Crab Creek, Grant County, Washington, 27 May 2020. Photo by Netta Smith. 1 1724 NE 98th Street, Seattle, WA 98115 2 8030 Lakeside Parkway, Apt. 8208, Tucson, AZ 85730 ABSTRACT The checklist includes all 471 species of North American Odonata (Canada and the continental United States) considered valid at this time. For each species the original citation, English name, type locality, etymology of both scientific and English names, and approximate distribution are given. Literature citations for original descriptions of all species are given in the appended list of references. INTRODUCTION We publish this as the most comprehensive checklist Table 1. The families of North American Odonata, of all of the North American Odonata. Muttkowski with number of species. (1910) and Needham and Heywood (1929) are long out of date. The Anisoptera and Zygoptera were cov- Family Genera Species ered by Needham, Westfall, and May (2014) and West- fall and May (2006), respectively.
    [Show full text]
  • 2019-07-01 Matsumoto PRB GSP Comments
    555 Capitol Mall, Suite 1290 Sacramento, California 95814 [916] 449-2850 nature.org GroundwaterResourceHub.org CALIFORNIA WATER | GROUNDWATER July 1, 2019 County Government Center 1055 Monterey Street, Room 206 San Luis Obispo, CA 93408 Submitted online via: https://www.slocounty.ca.gov/Departments/Public- Works/Committees-Programs/Sustainable-Groundwater-Management-Act-(SGMA)/Paso- Robles-Groundwater-Basin/GSP-Development.aspx Re: Chapters 9-11 of the Paso Robles Subbasin Draft GSP Dear Angela Ruberto, The Nature Conservancy (TNC) appreciates the opportunity to comment on Chapters 9-11 of the Paso Robles Subbasin Draft Groundwater Sustainability Plan (GSP) being prepared under the Sustainable Groundwater Management Act (SGMA). Please note that we have previously submitted comments dated 15 April 2019 on Chapters 4-8 and Appendix B of the Paso Robles Subbasin Draft GSP. TNC is a global, nonprofit organization dedicated to conserving the lands and waters on which all life depends. We seek to achieve our mission through science-based planning and implementation of conservation strategies. For decades, we have dedicated resources to establishing diverse partnerships and developing foundational science products for achieving positive outcomes for people and nature in California. TNC was part of a stakeholder group formed by the Water Foundation in early 2014 to develop recommendations for groundwater reform and actively worked to shape and pass SGMA. We believe that the success of SGMA depends on bringing the best available science to the table, engaging all stakeholders in robust dialog, providing strong incentives for beneficial outcomes and rigorous enforcement by the State of California. Our specific comments related to Chapters 9-11 of the Draft GSP are provided in detail in Attachment B and are in reference to the numbered items in Attachment A.
    [Show full text]
  • SOP #: MDNR-WQMS-209 EFFECTIVE DATE: May 31, 2005
    MISSOURI DEPARTMENT OF NATURAL RESOURCES AIR AND LAND PROTECTION DIVISION ENVIRONMENTAL SERVICES PROGRAM Standard Operating Procedures SOP #: MDNR-WQMS-209 EFFECTIVE DATE: May 31, 2005 SOP TITLE: Taxonomic Levels for Macroinvertebrate Identifications WRITTEN BY: Randy Sarver, WQMS, ESP APPROVED BY: Earl Pabst, Director, ESP SUMMARY OF REVISIONS: Changes to reflect new taxa and current taxonomy APPLICABILITY: Applies to Water Quality Monitoring Section personnel who perform community level surveys of aquatic macroinvertebrates in wadeable streams of Missouri . DISTRIBUTION: MoDNR Intranet ESP SOP Coordinator RECERTIFICATION RECORD: Date Reviewed Initials Page 1 of 30 MDNR-WQMS-209 Effective Date: 05/31/05 Page 2 of 30 1.0 GENERAL OVERVIEW 1.1 This Standard Operating Procedure (SOP) is designed to be used as a reference by biologists who analyze aquatic macroinvertebrate samples from Missouri. Its purpose is to establish consistent levels of taxonomic resolution among agency, academic and other biologists. The information in this SOP has been established by researching current taxonomic literature. It should assist an experienced aquatic biologist to identify organisms from aquatic surveys to a consistent and reliable level. The criteria used to set the level of taxonomy beyond the genus level are the systematic treatment of the genus by a professional taxonomist and the availability of a published key. 1.2 The consistency in macroinvertebrate identification allowed by this document is important regardless of whether one person is conducting an aquatic survey over a period of time or multiple investigators wish to compare results. It is especially important to provide guidance on the level of taxonomic identification when calculating metrics that depend upon the number of taxa.
    [Show full text]