The Mysterious Baseball Park Minneapolis and Other Photos
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The Mysterious ‘‘Base Ball Park Minneapolis’’ and Other Photos Kristin M. Anderson READING THE VISUAL EVIDENCE Christopher W. Kimball hotographs of nineteenth- its surroundings, and, in one case, both baseball and football, fulfilling Pcentury Twin Cities ballparks are solve a mystery. its builders’ desire to create a multi- few in number. Although they appear The earliest ballpark in the group purpose sports facility for the city. regularly in decorative and nostalgic is St. Paul’s Athletic Park, designed The only known photograph of the contexts at places like Target Field by Cass Gilbert and James Knox ballpark is part of a panoramic image and Butler Square in Minneapolis, Taylor and built in 1888. St. Paul’s dated “circa 1890” in the Minnesota these images have never been rigor- professional minor league teams Historical Society’s photo catalog ously analyzed. Early ballpark photos called Athletic Park home from 1888 and now broken into three parts. St. are rare resources, valuable tools for until 1892. Charles Comiskey used Paul’s Athletic Park is the earliest understanding the history of base- the park for Sunday games in 1895 Twin Cities ballpark for which there ball facilities, their design and use. and 1896, when playing at his regu- is a surviving photograph, although, Digital enlargements of four such lar grounds near Dale Street and as it turns out, this image is not the pictures—one from St. Paul and University Avenue caused legal dif- oldest Twin Cities ballpark picture.1 three from Minneapolis—allow us ficulties. During the 1890s and well to date each image more precisely, beyond, Athletic Park was home to above: The mystery photo, long thought recover details about the facility and semi-pro, amateur, and school teams, to be Nicollet Park circa 1900 Spring 2012 15 VINEGAR WORKS GRANDSTAND EISENMENGER MANSION St. Paul Athletic Park (center foreground) in a panorama of the flooded Mississippi River valley, 1893. The State Street bridge bisects this information-rich image, visually separating the rail cars from the ice house, its roof and cupola visible here. The vinegar works is at the terminus of the State Street bridge. Ruins of the Eisenmenger mansion loom on the bluff across from the flooded ballpark. More rail cars, some houses, and the Crescent Creamery, partly under water, are at the far right. These grounds were located on In this picture of the baseball by its seating structures and 12-foot- the west-side flats, an area south of park, there is no baseball game. En- high outfield fences.2 downtown St. Paul that was at—and larging the photo shows, instead, a While the ballpark was not al- sometimes below—the level of the few gawkers climbing on the empty tered much in its early years, the Mississippi River. The picture seems stands to survey the flood scene. surroundings began to evolve shortly to have been taken to show the mas- Little about the ballpark’s appear- after Athletic Park was built, and sive flooding in the river valley. Floods ance provides clues to pinpoint the some of these changes help date were fairly common in this low-lying date of the photo. The original Gil- the photograph. For instance, the part of St. Paul, and the vantage point bert and Taylor design, published in foreground includes many train on the bluffs above the ballpark gives the St. Paul Daily Globe, included tracks, present at the site before a panoramic view of both banks, a covered grandstand and bleacher the ballpark was built and increas- looking northeast. The unknown sections to seat about 3,000 people. ing in number through the next few photographer anchored the image by This photograph shows that nothing decades. (Although fewer, tracks are placing this familiar landmark—at had changed from that 1888 con- still present at the site today.) The least to nineteenth-century St. Paul figuration. Athletic Park remained rail cars provide a few clues about eyes—in the foreground. a simple wooden ballpark, enclosed the picture’s date, too. These tracks were owned by the railroad known for many years as the Chicago Great Kristin Anderson is a professor of art at Augsburg College, Minneapolis, and Christo- Western. Founded by St. Paul pher Kimball is president and professor of history at California Lutheran University tycoon A. B. Stickney in 1885, the in Thousand Oaks. They are at work on a book, Contested Terrain: An Architectural and Urban History of Twin Cities Ballparks. Their article on 1910s renovations at line was first called the Minnesota Nicollet Park and Lexington Park appeared in the Fall 2003 issue of this magazine. and Northwestern. In 1887 it became the Chicago, St. Paul and Kansas 16 Minnesota History ICE HOUSE STATE STREET BRIDGE CRESCENT CREAMERY RAIL CARS HOUSES ON BLUFF tor and sometime meat merchant John F. Eisenmenger. Designed by St. Paul architect Walter Ife, this huge home was noted for its fine materials and details; its construc- tion lasted from July 1890 through Gilbert and Taylor’s grandstand, “a model of comfort” the following summer. Unfortu- according to the St. Paul Daily Globe nately, the new mansion burned on August 14, 1892, just a year after it City, and then, in July 1892, the Chi- tracks that went to the nearby South was occupied. The photo, when en- cago Great Western. Unlike changes St. Paul Union Stockyards—the ice larged, shows that even though the in name and corporate identity house belonged to the railroad and home’s peaked copper-and-slate roof today, this business evolution did probably served the refrigerated rail was gone and the sky was visible not necessitate repainting the rolling cars, some of which are visible in the through many parts of the building, stock. As late as 1901, all three com- foreground.4 most of the walls and one of the four pany names could be seen on various The most interesting building is chimneys remained standing. Photo- rail cars.3 in the distance, straight across the graphs from the mid-1890s show There are a number of buildings Mississippi from the ballpark. By that the building later suffered addi- around the ballpark. Some, like the aligning the large building silhou- tional damage. It was left as a disin- vinegar works to the left and the etted against the skyline in the back- tegrating ruin for a decade until houses on the bluff at the far right, ground with the ballpark in the everything but the porte-cochere was predate Athletic Park. This is also foreground, it is possible to identify dismantled in February 1902. That true for the Crescent Creamery’s the precise spot it occupied: It stood remnant became a decorative ele- dairy-farming operation to the right near the site of numerous Indian ment in the newly created Indian of the ballpark and below the bluffs. mounds on top of the bluffs, an area Mounds Park, and the remainder More helpful in dating the photo that would became a city park. In the of the brick and stone was taken is the ice house near the ballpark’s 1890s, however, this district was dot- across the city to Como Park, where right-field corner, built during ted with a few large houses, and this the materials were used to construct February 1892. Set along the tracks— one belonged to real estate specula- buildings and decorative walls.5 Spring 2012 17 and Fifth Street in downtown Min- neapolis. The park’s small size—less than a city block—necessitated not only 12-foot-high fences but also wire mesh extending another 25 feet or so above that wooden wall. Through this mesh and beyond the fences across Fifth Street, the ballpark’s neighborhood is visible, including nearby businesses and houses (and at least one spectator—maybe two—in the windows). Details of the park’s structure and operations are also visible. Fans accessed the bleachers from the back, walking under the grandstand, out a doorway, and up a set of stairs to the walkway along the Eisenmenger mansion (“For Sale” sign in window) about 1897, fence. This arrangement can be seen showing far more damage than in the earlier panorama in a drawing of the ballpark pub- lished in the Minneapolis Journal Given the evidence extracted and the grandstand circa 1892, ac- in May 1889, when the park opened. from the ballpark’s surroundings, cording to the Minnesota Historical Some trash has collected in the it is likely that the panorama was Society. There is also a cyanotype open space between the grandstand taken to document the late spring (so called because the image is blue) and the bleachers. It seems that flood in 1893 when, according to a labeled “Base Ball Park Minneapolis” the accumulated garbage includes newspaper account, “on the section and identified as Nicollet Park circa many scorecards like the ones held where the old ball park is located, nothing can be seen but a vast stretch of muddy fluid, dotted here The fans wear clothing more formal and there by a stunted tree, a fence, or a shanty.” The river had been ris- than we expect to see at today’s ing rapidly in the preceding week, ball games, even in the best seats. up three-and-a-half feet in four days. Worse flooding occurred in 1897, but the relatively intact condi- 1900. Careful examination of each, by some of the fans. The litter was tion of the Eisenmenger house and and of the group, reveals some fasci- likely left from an earlier game that the absence of any rail cars labeled nating details about 1890s baseball day for which clean-up had not yet Chicago Great Western would and creates a clearer view of the city’s occurred.8 indicate that this was the earlier baseball ownership and facilities The image also provides wonder- flood.